The document discusses feedback received on a music video and ancillary products created for a target audience of 16-24 year old males. Feedback indicated that including a female artist, using contrasting light and dark settings, and ensuring the ancillary materials were consistent and easy to understand were well-received elements that made the video and products more appealing. Receiving feedback during the creative process helped the creator improve the work and ensure it effectively engaged and communicated with the target demographic.
This document discusses the technical skills developed by Fahmida Begum during her AS coursework project. It outlines the equipment, software, and internet resources used. The JVC camera was used to film footage for a thriller project. FinalCut Pro and Soundtrack Pro were used to edit footage and add sound effects. The internet was researched to find fonts and present work online using blogs, YouTube, Prezi, and Photobucket. Through this project, Fahmida developed skills using these tools and feels she has more to learn, but has made progress in her technical abilities.
The document discusses feedback received on a music video and ancillary products created for a target audience of 16-24 year old males. Feedback indicated that including a female artist, using contrasting light and dark settings, and ensuring the ancillary materials were consistent and easy to understand were well-received elements that made the video and products more appealing. Receiving feedback during the creative process helped the creator improve the work and ensure it effectively engaged and communicated with the target demographic.
This document discusses the technical skills developed by Fahmida Begum during her AS coursework project. It outlines the equipment, software, and internet resources used. The JVC camera was used to film footage for a thriller project. FinalCut Pro and Soundtrack Pro were used to edit footage and add sound effects. The internet was researched to find fonts and present work online using blogs, YouTube, Prezi, and Photobucket. Through this project, Fahmida developed skills using these tools and feels she has more to learn, but has made progress in her technical abilities.
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The document discusses strategies for targeting an audience of 18-35 year olds for a psychological thriller film. Feedback from test screenings found the plot was better understood by older audiences and appealed more to males due to the male victim. Younger female audiences related to the female protagonist, while establishing the story in a city setting attracted the older end of the target range. Outreach utilized social media, previews on YouTube, and word-of-mouth recommendations.
The document outlines a plan for a thriller opening involving a detective with a split personality who is both investigating and committing a murder. The opening scene shows the detective receiving details of the future murder from a client. Her other personality then begins to emerge through camera shots and edits. The film aims to create suspense by revealing the detective is both solving and committing the crime. It is inspired by Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and targets 18-30 year olds interested in mystery and crime.
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3) A garage, to manipulate lighting for effects and clearly indicate the chorus. The chorus will be filmed here.
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The document discusses strategies for targeting an audience of 18-35 year olds for a psychological thriller film. Feedback from test screenings found the plot was better understood by older audiences and appealed more to males due to the male victim. Younger female audiences related to the female protagonist, while establishing the story in a city setting attracted the older end of the target range. Outreach utilized social media, previews on YouTube, and word-of-mouth recommendations.
The document outlines a plan for a thriller opening involving a detective with a split personality who is both investigating and committing a murder. The opening scene shows the detective receiving details of the future murder from a client. Her other personality then begins to emerge through camera shots and edits. The film aims to create suspense by revealing the detective is both solving and committing the crime. It is inspired by Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and targets 18-30 year olds interested in mystery and crime.
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The document discusses three settings for filming a music video about forgiveness:
1) A church, to represent religion and forgiveness, using the windows for lighting and religious symbols. The second verse will be filmed here.
2) Finsbury Park, to represent the artist looking back on his life, using fences and a pond. The first verse will be filmed here.
3) A garage, to manipulate lighting for effects and clearly indicate the chorus. The chorus will be filmed here.
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This document provides an overview of value investing. It introduces value investing as investing in undervalued stocks with a margin of safety based on calculating a stock's intrinsic value using fundamental analysis tools like EPS, P/E ratio, and book value. It then discusses strategies for fundamental analysis using financial statements and developing a user interface. Some learnings are an overview of markets, the process of value investing, and business analysis. Limitations include the time-consuming nature, lack of awareness, reliance on developers, and needing meetings. The document aims to guide investors on value investing principles and methodology.
There are three main types of film opening structures: narrative openings, discrete title openings, and standalone title openings. Narrative openings integrate the title information directly into the beginning of the film story. Discrete title openings accompany title cards with unrelated footage or scenes that hint at the plot or genre. Standalone title openings display the title information alone on a black background before beginning the film.
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The document discusses Kolkata Metro Railway Corporation's (KMRC) proposed East-West Metro Corridor (EWMC) project. It notes that critics argue the project will not provide gains and will remove existing competitive bus services running parallel to proposed metro routes. Supporters counter that the project will create an integrated rapid mass transportation system, facilitate land acquisition and project financing, and integrate eastern and western parts of the city. However, others argue the project will remove homes, shops, and employment and fail like the existing North-South metro corridor due to high fares and availability of cheaper substitutes. The document questions whether the state government would be justified in sponsoring and facilitating the EWMC project given its role in acquiring
The group has chosen to create a music video for the song "Forgiveness" by Wretch 32 featuring Etta Bond. They will depict the story of a young man who has struggled in the past but now wants to change his life. The video will use a split screen to show his past life on one side and his new, repentant life on the other. It will be shot in a church to represent forgiveness and will feature a monochrome color scheme with hints of yellow/gold to match the song. The group has created a production schedule spanning several days to film at different planned locations.
Value investing involves buying stocks that are undervalued based on fundamental analysis. The document discusses several techniques for value investing including those developed by Benjamin Graham such as buying stocks with high dividend yields, low price-to-earnings ratios, and low price-to-book values. Warren Buffett is presented as practicing value investing by buying quality companies at a discount to their intrinsic value. The document outlines a 3 step process for value investing: searching for a pool of stocks to research using screens, valuing stocks using models to find a "true value", and maintaining discipline by buying 30% below and selling at 95% of the valuation.
Fahmida Begum learned several technologies through creating a thriller film project. A JVC camera was used to film footage which was saved to SD memory cards and later transferred to a hard drive for safekeeping. Editing software like Final Cut Pro and Soundtrack Pro were used to piece together clips and add sound effects. Online resources like YouTube and blogs helped with research and documenting the process. Overall, working on the project improved Fahmida's skills with media technologies and filmmaking.
This document summarizes the medicinal uses of several common plants in India. It describes 12 plants - Tulsi, Aloe Vera, Hibiscus, Ginger, Neem, Turmeric, Shatavari, Green Tea, Peppermint, and concludes with some key points. For each plant, it provides the scientific classification and 2-4 sentences on traditional medicinal uses to treat common illnesses. The uses include treatments for cold, inflammation, skin conditions, digestive issues, and more. It emphasizes that many Indian plants have been used for thousands of years in Ayurvedic medicine and have beneficial properties.
Rahul Pagaria completed an internship at 3HD Media where he organized a fashion show and conducted digital marketing. His tasks included understanding below-the-line advertising, securing sponsorships for the fashion show, and promoting it digitally. He created presentations for sponsors highlighting the event's benefits. Rahul also increased engagement on social media pages and met with brand managers to request their support. Through this experience, he learned about executing real-world marketing projects and gained corporate work experience.
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This document contains syllabus information for modules in risk management at IBS Business School in Mumbai. Module C covers treasury management, instruments in the treasury market, development of new financial products, and control and supervision of treasury management. It also discusses asset-liability management, interest rate risk, and hedging instruments. Module D covers capital adequacy, asset classification, profit planning, and measures to improve profitability. The document also provides details on money market instruments like certificates of deposit, commercial paper, treasury bills, and their features. It discusses the treasury function and integrated treasury management.
2. Argumentace: Téma centrálních bank je pro mě důležité ze dvou důvodů. Zaprvé, můj vedlejší
obor je Ekonomie a management a centrálním bankovnictvím jsem se zabývala v nejedné ze
svých prací. Druhým důvodem je má práce, při které potřebuji znát funkce CB a především její
aktuální politiku, která moji práci velmi ovlivňuje z mnoha aspektů. Proto je pro mne důležité si
tyto informace často osvěžovat v paměti, popřípadě ověřovat jejich aktuálnost.
Klíčová slova: Centrální banka, vznik, historie, funkce
Anotace: Práce „Centrální banka a její funkce“ zkoumá vrchní část dvoustupňového bankovního
systému – centrální banky. Práce popisuje vznik centrálních bank, ukazuje na mezní body ve
vývoji a na nejstarší centrální banky. V historickém popisu se zaměřuje především na Českou
národní banku a její předchůdce. V práci se dále můžeme dozvědět, jak se rozdělují funkce CB a
popis jednotlivých funkcí. Věnuje se i různým politikám centrálních bank, které často určují
následný ekonomický vývoj dané země.
Úvod
V práci se zabývám centrální bankou, jejím vznikem a funkcemi. Vznik centrálních bank
znamenal velký předěl v historii bankovnictví, protože to byl také vznik tzv. dvoustupňového
bankovního systému. Ten dodnes úspěšně funguje v různých podobách po celém světě.
Mým cílem je popsat vznik a vývoj prvních centrálních bank a především seznámit čtenáře
s jejich základními funkcemi. Pro větší přehlednost jsem funkce centrálních bank rozdělila do
dvou podkapitol – makroekonomické a mikroekonomické funkce.
Vznik a historie centrálních bank
První centrální banky vznikaly již v průběhu 17. století. Hlavními důvody vzniku byla
aspirace panovníka nebo vlády mít vlastní banku pro doplnění chybějících zdrojů v pokladně a
pro úvěrování státních financí. Dalšími důvody mohly být například stabilita měny, centralizace
emise peněz nebo regulace druhého stupně bankovního systému. Vznik centrálních bank
můžeme považovat za vznik dvoustupňového bankovního systému, přestože některé bankovní
systémy s centrálními bankami nejsou dvoustupňové.
Jako nejstarší centrální banku můžeme označit hned tři banky v historii. Pokud budeme za
nejstarší CB považovat tu, která byla nejdříve založena, budeme mluvit o Sveriges Riksbank,
založené v roce 1668. Ovšem roku 1694 zahájila činnost Bank of England jako první čistě
centrální banka. Za nejstarší CB můžeme také považovat Privilegovanou Rakouskou národní
banku, která jako první získala v roce 1817 emisní monopol.
Privilegovaná Rakouská národní banka je také nejstarší centrální bankou na našem území.
V roce 1878 pak byla založena Rakousko-Uherská banka jako nová centrální banka Rakousko-
Uherské monarchie. První CB Československé republiky byla Národní banka Československá,
která zahájila činnost v roce 1926. Do té doby vykonávalo na území ČSR funkce CB
ministerstvo financí. Roku 1950 byla Národní banka Československá zrušena, zastoupila ji Státní
banka Československá, která již plnila funkce centrálně plánované ekonomiky.
Významným mezníkem ve vývoji centrálních bank je rok 1968. Do tohoto roku fungovaly
centrální banky jako akciové společnosti, nebyly to samostatné orgány. Naopak, vždy byly pod
kontrolou státu. Právě v roce 1968 byla samostatnost CB zakotvena v ústavě. Současná centrální
banka České Republiky (Česká národní banka) vznikla v roce 1993, po rozpadu Československa.
Funkce centrálních bank
Ve většině vyspělých zemí mají centrální banky přibližně stejné funkce. Můžeme je
shrnout do dvou funkcí: makroekonomické a mikroekonomické. Tyto funkce jsou navzájem
provázané a jsou hlavními důvody existence centrálních bank v současnosti [REVENDA, 2005].
3. Makroekonomické funkce
Do makroekonomických funkcí patří emisní, měnová a devizová funkce.
Emisní funkce centrální banky je zákonem stanovená funkce emise hotovostního oběživa,
bankovek a mincí. Funkce nespočívá jen ve vydávání hotovostních peněz, ale také ve výměně
bankovek, které byly poškozeny, v ochraně před paděláním bankovek a dalších činnostech.
Charakteristický znak této funkce je emisní monopol. Ten poprvé získala roku 1817 centrální
banka Rakouska.
Měnová funkce spočívá v regulaci množství peněz v ekonomice. Tím udržuje stabilitu
cenové hladiny. Existují tři druhy měnové politiky. Restriktivní politika, kdy banka zpomaluje
růst peněz v oběhu, neutrální, nikteré zůstává růst stejný, nebo expanzivní, kdy se tempo růstu
zvětšuje.
Devizovou funkcí rozumíme tvorbu devizových rezerv, operace s nimi a jejich regulaci.
Devizové rezervy banka vytváří především emisí cenných papírů. Dále může například přijímat
úvěry od jiných centrálních bank nebo dalších zahraničních subjektů. Centrální banka tak
udržuje likviditu země a ovlivňuje kurz domácí měny.
Mikroekonomické funkce
Mezi mikroekonomické funkce řadíme funkci CB jako banky obchodních bank, funkci
jako banky státu, bankovní regulaci a dohled a reprezentaci státu v oblasti měnové politiky.
Funkce CB jako banky obchodních bank se dá jednoduše přirovnat ke vztahu obchodních
bank ke svým klientům. Centrální banka vede bankám účty, poskytuje úvěry (za speciální
úrokové sazby), přijímá vklady a provádí mezi bankami zúčtování. Vklady bank jsou povinné a
dobrovolné. Povinné vklady označujeme jako povinné minimální rezervy. V některých zemích
však povinné minimální rezervy neexistují, v takovém případě jsou všechny vklady dobrovolné.
Do dobrovolných vkladů patří prostředky pro mezibankovní zúčtování.
Centrální banka spravuje státní dluh, poskytuje státu úvěry, provádí operace se státním
rozpočtem a vede účty vládě a dalším státním orgánům. Tyto činnosti řadíme do funkce CB jako
banky státu. Tato funkce byla jedním z hlavních důvodů vzniku centrálních bank.
Do bankovní regulace a dohledu patří vytváření a hlídání dodržování určitých pravidel,
podle kterých se pak ostatní subjekty bankovní soustavy řídí. Cílem této funkce je především
bezpečnost a efektivnost bankovního systému.
Devizová
Makroekonomické
Emisní
funkce
Měnová
Funkce CB
Banka obchodních
bank
Mikroekonomické
Banka státu
funkce
Bankovní regulace
a dohled
4. Závěr
Když v 17. století vznikaly první centrální banky, bylo důvodem jejich vzniku především
úvěrování státních financí. Postupem času se ale jejich úlohy ve velké míře rozrostly a myslím,
že dnešní společnost, dnešní bankovní systém, by bez centrálních bank nemohly fungovat.
Funkce centrálních bank jsou mikroekonomické a makroekonomické. Jejich činnosti jsou
především tvorba bankovek a mincí, udržování cenové stability měny, tvorba devizových rezerv,
dohled nad ostatními bankovními subjekty a další. Tyto činnosti jsou hlavními důvody existence
centrálních bank.
Českou centrální bankou je Česká národní banka. ČNB má ve svých rozhodnutích velkou
volnost, do jejích činností lze zasahovat jen na základě zákona. Hlavním cílem je udržení
měnové stability ČR. ČNB dále uveřejňuje údaje o stavu české ekonomiky, může také
podrobovat české banky zátěžovým testům.
Literatura:
Odborná monografie
1. REVENDA, Z.: Peněžní ekonomie a bankovnictví. 4. vyd. Praha: Management Press,
2005. 627 s. ISBN 8072611321.
Monografie je dostupná ke studiu v knihovně na ESF
Autor je odborník ve svém oboru
Monografie se vztahuje k mému tématu
2. POLOUČEK, S.: Bankovnictví. 1. vyd. Praha: C. H. Beck, 2006. 716 s. ISBN 80-7179-
462-7.
Monografie je dostupná ke studiu v knihovně na ESF
Monografie se vztahuje k mému tématu
Kniha byla uvedena v povinné literatuře některých mých předmětů
3. ŠEVČÍK, A.: Bankovnictví I. 1. vyd. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2005144 s. ISBN 80-
210-3649-4.
Monografie je dostupná ke studiu v knihovně na ESF
Monografie se vztahuje k mému tématu
Kniha byla uvedena v povinné literatuře některých mých předmětů
Webová stránka
1. Česká národní banka [online]. [cit. 2013-01-03] Dostupné na WWW:
http://www.cnb.cz/cs/index.html
Jde o oficiální stránku ČNB, pravidelně aktualizovanou
2. ŠVARCOVÁ, Jena. Ceed - Home page [online]. [cit. 2013-01-03] Dostupné na WWW:
http://www.ceed.cz/
Webová stránka nám byla doporučena ke studiu na přednáškách
Autorka je uznávaná odbornice ve svém oboru
Nakladatelství CEED je pro mě jako pro studenta ekonomie dobře známé