1 2 RESPONSE 1 RE: Discussion 1 - Module 4 Renee Morris COLLAPSE Top of Form Technology has evolved through the 21st century. Technology allows students to take control of their learning. The use of technology allows teachers to personalize learning for students. Preparing students for the global society, technology is definitely a necessity in the classroom. However educators should be mindful that technology can also be harmful to students. Students’ mental health has become an increasing concern. Linn, Almon, and Levin (2012) highlighted “extensive screen time is linked to a host of problems for children including childhood obesity, sleep disturbance,  learning, attention, and social problems.”  Shonkoff et al, (2011) explain that mental health concerns have increased due to effects of watching television and other technologies. As many students face adversities outside of the classroom, this could be a valid argument if technology is not intentionally and purposefully used.  Linn, Almon, and Levin (2012) stated that  “time with screens takes away from other activities known to be more beneficial to their growth and development.” The use of technology should be well planned into lessons  to enhance development. Technology usage should be purposeful and not used for busy work with no set goal.  Incorporating technology in the class takes a great amount of organization and planning. Digital citizenship should be well established and revisited throughout the school year. Digital citizenship teaches students how to responsibly navigate the internet, effectively and respectfully communicate online, and how to  respond to internet dilemmas.  Technology usage is a 21st century skill needed to successfully thrive in a globally competitive society.   Kressin (2020) reported that the success of technology usage in the classroom requires teacher’s willingness. Educators should recognize that the use of technology allows for personalized learning. Learning can be individualized on a student’s level.  The use of technology in the class allows all students to shine and do their best. Using technology provides students with a choice.  Students take ownership of their learning when a choice is provided. Teachers can use the time to highlight positive behaviors of students that may not usually get the praise in the traditional learning setting.  Teacher check-in can also be an addition as students work independently or collaboratively on a task.   Although Linn, Almon, and Levin (2012) have a valid argument that technology can be “commercially driven and detrimental to a child’s development”, technology has great benefits for preparing students to be a productive citizen.  According to the National Association for the Education of Young Children (n.d.) “technology and media usage can support learning and relationships.” Children are familiar with several technological devices and applications. Parents and educators should use the technology to th ...

1. 1
2
RESPONSE 1
RE: Discussion 1 - Module 4 Renee Morris
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Technology has evolved through the 21st century. Technology
allows students to take control of their learning. The use of
technology allows teachers to personalize learning for students.
Preparing students for the global society, technology is
definitely a necessity in the classroom. However educators
should be mindful that technology can also be harmful to
students.
Students’ mental health has become an increasing concern.
Linn, Almon, and Levin (2012) highlighted “extensive screen
time is linked to a host of problems for children including
childhood obesity, sleep disturbance, learning, attention, and
social problems.” Shonkoff et al, (2011) explain that mental
health concerns have increased due to effects of watching
television and other technologies. As many students face
adversities outside of the classroom, this could be a valid
argument if technology is not intentionally and purposefully
used. Linn, Almon, and Levin (2012) stated that “time with
screens takes away from other activities known to be more
beneficial to their growth and development.”
The use of technology should be well planned into lessons to
enhance development. Technology usage should be purposeful

2. and not used for busy work with no set goal. Incorporating
technology in the class takes a great amount of organization and
planning. Digital citizenship should be well established and
revisited throughout the school year. Digital citizenship teaches
students how to responsibly navigate the internet, effectively
and respectfully communicate online, and how to respond to
internet dilemmas. Technology usage is a 21st century skill
needed to successfully thrive in a globally competitive society.
Kressin (2020) reported that the success of technology usage in
the classroom requires teacher’s willingness. Educators should
recognize that the use of technology allows for personalized
learning. Learning can be individualized on a student’s level.
The use of technology in the class allows all students to shine
and do their best. Using technology provides students with a
choice. Students take ownership of their learning when a choice
is provided. Teachers can use the time to highlight positive
behaviors of students that may not usually get the praise in the
traditional learning setting. Teacher check-in can also be an
addition as students work independently or collaboratively on a
task.
Although Linn, Almon, and Levin (2012) have a valid argument
that technology can be “commercially driven and detrimental to
a child’s development”, technology has great benefits for
preparing students to be a productive citizen. According to the
National Association for the Education of Young Children (n.d.)
“technology and media usage can support learning and
relationships.” Children are familiar with several technological
devices and applications. Parents and educators should use the
technology to the childs’ benefit.
References
Kressin, L. (2020). Teacher Freedom and Student Ownership in
the Classroom:
Integrating High-Value Technology in the Elementary
Mathematics Classroom - ProQuest. Retrieved 4 January 2022,
from https://www.proquest.com/openview/85c8cc26a9159b4b98

3. 509f1a150480e9/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Linn, S., Almon, J. W., & Levin, D. E. (2012). Facing the
screen dilemma: Young
children, technology and early education. Retrieved
from http://www.commercialfreechildhood.org/sites/default/file
s/facingthescreendilemma.pdf
National Association for the Education of Young Children.
(n.d.). Technology and media.
https://www.naeyc.org/resources/topics/technology-and-media
Shonkoff, J.P., Garner, A.S., Siegel, B.S., Dobbins, M.I., Earls,
M. F., McGuinn, L.,
Wood, D. L., (2011). The lifelong effects of early childhood
adversity and toxic stress. Pediatrics 129(1) e232-
e246. https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/1
29/1/e232.full.pdf
Bottom of Form
RESPONSE 2
Chukwunonyelum Eneje
RE: Discussion 1 - Module 4
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Module 4: Discussion 1-Technology and Young Children Today
Multiple Perspectives
A detailed summary of the point you choose from the article.
Whether you agree with this point and why. A citation from a
peer-reviewed article or a textbook that validates your thinking
and an explanation of how this resource supports your view.
The point that I choose from the article for this week’s

4. discussion is “ Nurturing healthy brain development” (Linn et
al., 2012,p.6). And it stated that research has confirmed that i n
the field of early childhood, children enjoy exploring with their
whole senses and bodies during play. The children need the
adults around them to show love, provide food, safety, play
explorations, read with caring and loving adults and have one-
one conversations with them. And, that when children have
connections and access to those opportunities mentioned above
and more, they are going to have optimal development.
Also, it revealed the importance of adults providing quality
experiences during the early years because children’s early
years of life are crucial, it helps to support the children’s
brain’s shaping and building, and children will experience
positive outcomes in their lives that will act as a strong
foundation for them now and in the future. And when the adults
in the children’s lives continually practice those experiences, it
strengthens those connections they have with the adults.
Including their beliefs, habits and how they will respond to
those experiences in the future. Even those children that do not
enjoy and have access to those experiences such as food, safety,
care, nature play, playing indoors and outdoors, etc in life will
be affected in their development. So the adults in the children’s
lives must provide these experiences to avoid lifelong
consequences.
As adults, we should continually provide those experiences to
reduce the children’s habits of watching television, playing
video games and phone apps, and other technologies. So that the
children will not have the challenge of turning off those
technologies as they grow older.
In addition, more research is ongoing on the possible effects of
the addiction to television, computers and video games on
children (Linn et al., 2012).
Truly, I am in support of this point that I read in this article for
this week’s discussion and the reason is that according to Jung
& Jin (2014), it states that adults and children can create
relationships through play. Also, children learn self-exploration

5. and self-discovery through play. And children’s experience,
self-efficacy, growth and other skills improve through play
(Jung & Jin, 2014).
This article by Skalická (2019), indicates that when children are
having too much screen time, it would result in a diminishing of
quality of one-one interactions and social involvement with
people around them. Also, the use of excess screen time affects
discussions about nature with adults will be reduced daily and
may affect the children's recognition of emotions in others.
When families encourage the use of screen time always the
children’s emotional understanding might be affected and will
weaken their developmental skills, which they need in life.
Although these technologies can have positive effects on
children’s developmental skills when they are provided with a
high-quality academic program to watch and learn (Skalická et
al., 2019).
From my experience, as a parent, I work hard to provide face-
to-face interactions with my children to support the reduction of
time my children spend with screen time by offering them
activities that are engaging and interacting. We go to parks,
backyard, nature walk to play with snow and build a snowman,
run around, lots of exercises. And as an educator in my
workplace, we do not encourage screen time because it takes
away the time we are supposed to have one-one interactions
with the children. I have seen a lot of children we work with,
influenced and practice what they saw in the technologies at
home in the classrooms because there was a lack of adult
supervision during the screen time.
References
Jung, E., & Jin, B. (2014). Future professionals' perceptions of
play in early childhood education classrooms. Journal of
Research in Childhood Education, 28 (3), 358-
376.https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2014.913277
Linn, S., Almon, J. W., & Levin, D. E. (2012). Facing the

6. screen dilemma: Young children, technology and early
education. https://fairplayforkids.org/wp-
content/uploads/archive/facingthescreendilemma.pdf
Skalická, V., Hygen, B. W., Stenseng, F., Kảrstad, S. B., &
Wichstøm, L. (2019). Screen time and the development of
emotion from age 4 to age 8: A community study. British
Journal of Developmental Psychology, 37 (3), 427-
443.https://doi.org/10.111/bjddp.12283
Bottom of Form
Response 1 Angel
Computers
For computers to be used in ways that enhance learning, adult
support and guidance are required. Computers can be used to
effectively promote learning and development among 2-5-year-
old children. Linguistic and mathematical applications promote
children’s engagement especially if the applications are colorful
and fun to use (Lai et al., 2018). Teachers should guide children
on how to use computer applications for meaningful learning to
occur. Additionally, teachers and parents should install games
meant for learning including vocabulary and mathematical
games. Computer educational games keep children interested
and engaged in learning, which increases their performance,
reduces performance gaps, and fosters their love for education

7. (Lai et al., 2018). Besides, learning computers at an early age
endows children with technical competencies that would make it
easy for them to use computers and other digital devices in their
future personal and professional lives (Lai et al., 2018). The
rationale for selecting computers is that they are affordable thus
can be found in many households. Additionally, computers are
used in almost every organization thus using them to teach
children will increase their interest in learning given that they
often see them in social settings.
Tablets
Tablets can be incorporated in early childhood educational
settings in ways to promote children’s learning and
development. A systematic review conducted by Herodotou
(2018) shows that tablets increase children’s reading, writing,
vocabulary acquirement, and digital competencies. However, for
2-5-year-old children to benefit from the use of tablets, their
use should be implemented with guidance and support by
parents and teachers (Herodotou, 2018). The support is crucial
since it gives children insights into how to operate the tablets
and the learning applications used for learning purposes.
Additionally, teachers and parents should install simple learning
applications that do not confuse children to keep them engaged.
Children should also be supervised when using the tablets to
ensure that children do not engage in non-learning activities
when using the devices (Herodotou, 2018). The rationale for
selecting tablets is that they are common devices found in most
households including low-income families. Since there are
affordable but quality tablet brands and models, most families
can afford tablets thus most school-going children are
sufficiently exposed to them at home (Herodotou, 2018).
Furthermore, children can learn how to use tablets at home with
assistance from parents and guardians, which promotes their
ease of use of tablets for learning in school. Tablets improve
children’s learning and development because of the interactive
nature of the applications including appealing visuals and
sounds, and familiarity with the technology, which gives them

8. technical skills that will be crucial in their future personal and
professional lives.
References:
Herodotou, C. (2018). Young children and tablets: a systematic
review of effects on learning and development. Journal of
Computer Assisted Learning, 34(1), 1-9.
Lai, N. K., Ang, T. F., Por, L. Y., & Liew, C. S. (2018).
Learning through intuitive interface: a case study on preschool
learning. Computers & Education, 126, 443-458.
Response 2Katheryn Gonzales
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Tablets:
Research indicates that young children who use iPads or tablets
will do so with a high level of engagement. Teachers should
capitalize off this and bring in student technology funds of
knowledge (Oakley et al, 2020). Young students like to play
games. There are a wide variety of apps that can be downloaded
onto a tablet that engage students in both literacy and math. My
school for one uses a reading application from Kids A-Z called
Headsprout. This is a great tool that takes kids on an adventure
as they learn how to decode words and begin reading text. This
is an app that levels kids up as they gain more knowledge and
understanding. As they pass levels, they earn stickers on the app
that they can turn in to build parts of a robot. Students love to
earn stickers because the reward of building their robot is
engaging. For math, my students use an app called Dreambox.
This is another application where teachers can determine
student level through a pretest. Students play games and level
up. Both applications allow teachers to assign work and
students can receive feedback from the teacher.
Coding:
Coding is the new digital literacy that schools are introducing
students to in the classroom. Early childhood educators are
finding that interactive media, including programing are

9. common in children’s lives. Children learn though play and the
interaction of their environment. Learning to code allows
students to interact with the technological environment much
like they would on the playground. Students can solve
problems, discuss, make choices, and follow rules while coding
(Lee & Junoh, 2019). At my school my kindergarten students
are taught how to code on Bee-Bots. The students use a large
graph which tells them how many spaces the Bee-Bot needs to
go up and how many spaces it needs to move to the left or right.
The Bee-Bot can be programed to turn around and go backwards
as well. We create games where they must get to different
objects on the graph. Students are highly engaged in this
activity.
Lee, J., & Junoh, J. (2019). Implementing Unplugged Coding
Activities in Early Childhood
Classrooms. Early Childhood Education Journal, 47(6), 709–
716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-019-00967-z
Oakley, G., Wildy, H., & Berman, Y. (2020). Multimodal
Digital Text Creation Using Tablets
and Open-Ended Creative Apps to Improve the Literacy
Learning of Children in Early Childhood Classrooms. Journal of
Early Childhood Literacy, 20(4), 655–679.
Bottom of Form
3
Discussion 2: Evaluating Technology in Early Childhood
Settings
Professionals in many fields are required to incorporate the use
of technology on a regular basis. In some learning
environments, early childhood professionals are required to
incorporate technology as part of children’s learning
experience. Technology can be used to engage children or spark

10. their interest. Technology can also help prepare children for the
future. With that being said, not all technology provides
equitable benefits for children.
For this Discussion, you will explore a variety of technological
tools to determine which are appropriate and enhance
development and learning.
To Prepare:
Consider the ways technology is infused into every aspect of
daily life. Think about your experience and perspective
regarding the following statement: It is no longer a question of
whether or not technology should be a part of early childhood
settings but instead, which technology tools are appropriate and
truly enhance development and learning.
By Day 3 of Week 8
Based on scholarly resources from the last 5 years, share
examples of at least two technology tools and how they could be
incorporated into early childhood settings in ways that enhance
children’s development and learning. Provide rationales for why
you selected these tools, the ages for which they are
appropriate, and how they may enhance children’s development
and learning experiences.
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1186094.pdf
http://activitytypes.wm.edu/
https://ijemst.net/index.php/ijemst/article/view/32/32
3
Discussion 1: Technology and Young Children Today: Multiple
Perspectives
Many children interact with technology daily in various ways. If
you looked into homes across the world, you might see young
children using tablets, smartphones, and watching television.
There are television shows and apps geared toward all ages that

11. advertise activities that promote developmentally appropriate
learning. As an early childhood professional, committed to
fostering positive outcomes for young children, it can be
difficult to determine as a guardian or caregiver which digital
media is appropriate for each child. As opportunities to interact
with technology continue to permeate so many aspects of
children’s lives, it is a concern whether the amount of screen
time children are exposed to should steadily increase. It is not
only the time children spend in front of screens that is of
concern to educators, families, and even the medical
community; it is also what children are “giving up.”
Interactions with books, playing outside, and participating in
face-to-face conversations are a few examples of activities that
may not be as prominent in children’s lives. What are children
gaining and what are they giving up?
For this Discussion, you further explore the use of technology
with young children and what the appropriate amount of screen
time may be.
To Prepare:
Read “Facing the Screen Dilemma: Young Children,
Technology and Early Education” (Linn, Almon, & Levin) with
an open mind. Choose a point from the article that resonates
with you. It can be a perspective with which you agree or
disagree.
By Day 3 of Week 7
Post the following:
· A detailed summary of the point you chose from the article
· Whether you agree with this point and why
· A citation for a peer-reviewed article or a textbook that
validates your thinking and an explanation of how this resource
supports your view
https://www.naeyc.org/resources/topics/technology-and-media
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-

12. health/in-depth/screen-time/art-20047952
https://www.apa.org/monitor/2020/04/cover-kids-screens
http://www.commercialfreechildhood.org/sites/default/files/faci
ngthescreendilemma.pdf