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This document summarizes fish anatomy and physiology. It discusses the various fins fish use for movement and stability, as well as their eyes, nostrils, mouth and senses. It describes the main propelling caudal fin as well as paired pectoral and pelvic fins. The document also covers the four main types of scales - placoid, ganoid, cycloid and ctenoid - and their defining characteristics. It states that fish anatomy studies form and morphology while physiology examines how parts function together in living fish.

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Fish Anatomy & Physiology By: Karmyn Ruiz. P.1
Fish Anatomy & Physiology • Fins are appendages used by the fish to maintain its position move, steer, and stop. • Anal fins are on the lower side of the body near the tail that lends stability in swimming. • Pectoral fins are paired fins on either side of the body that allow the fish to move side to side.
Fish Anatomy & Physiology • Caudal fin is the main propelling fin. • Pelvic fin is the pair fins on the lower side of the body, near the head. • The first dorsal finis the hardest fin on the side of the body. • The second dorsal fin is the softer fin on the upper side of the body. Bony Fish Example:
Fish Anatomy & Physiology • The eyes on a fish are the side organs located on the head. • Vision under water gives fish a small amount of light available in all but the uppermost layers of water. • Nostrils in fish are used to detect odors in water. • Fish use their smell rather than sight to locate food.
Fish Anatomy & Physiology • The mouth of a fish is what fish use to catch their food. • Fish have a sense of taste and may sample items to taste them before swallowing if they are not obvious prey items. • Fish may or may not have teeth. Bony Fish Example:
Fish Anatomy & Physiology Mouth placement Superior Inferior
Fish Anatomy & Physiology Fish anatomy is the study of the form or morphology of fishes. Fish physiology is the study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish.
Scale Types • Placoid • Ganoid • Cycloid • Ctenoid
Placoid • Placoid: Sharks and Rays have placoid scales. • Placoid scales are tough scales that cover the skin of elasmobranchs (sharks and Rays) • Placoid scales are packed tightly together and grow with their tips facing backwards.
Placoid The function of these scales is to protect the shark and rays from their predators.
Ganoid • Ganoid scales are usually rhomboid in shape and have articulating peg and socket between them. • Ganoid scales are found in fishes such as bowfin, paddlefish, gar, and sturgeon.
Ganoid Ganoid scales have a hard outer layer that is cosminelike layer and then a vascular bony layer
Cycloid • Cycloid scales have a smooth outer edge and are found in soft rayed fish. • Mostly in bony fishes. • Cycloid scales exhibit a smoothly rounded posterior edge.
Ctenoid • Ctenoid scales consiste of a rigid surface layer primarily composed of calcium based salt and a fibrous inner layer that is mainly made of collagen.
Ctenoid