This document discusses different types of photovoltaic (PV) panel technology, including mono-crystalline, polycrystalline, and thin film panels. It also covers PV panel installation options like roof mounting, shade structures, building integration, and off-grid installations. Examples of system costs and output capabilities are provided for different system sizes. Information on federal tax credits and other alternative energy programs is also summarized.
This document provides an overview of solar photovoltaic system design, operation, and installation for builders in the Pacific Northwest. It covers evaluating a building site's solar potential, common PV system configurations and components, considerations for component selection and system design/installation, typical costs, applicable codes, and resources for more information. The document is intended to give builders a basic understanding of including grid-connected solar PV systems as an option for customers.
The SolarEdge DC optimized inverter system was installed on a 56.4 kWp rooftop solar system for an apartment building in Helsingør, Denmark. This system allowed for a 5% increase in overall system size by enabling modules of varying tilt and orientation to be connected in a single string. It also provided a 10% annual increase in energy production compared to a traditional inverter. The flexible design of the SolarEdge system reduced balance of system costs by 10% and simplified the design.
Ground Mount Solar Panels in Colorado SpringsSolarise Solar
Here is some information about ground-mounted solar panels, to help you determine if this green energy system is best for your needs
https://www.solarisesolar.com/ground-mount-solar-panels-in-colorado-springs/
The article explains about the cause & effect of Potential Induced Degradation, Snail Trail & Long Time Damp Heat as quality issues in solar PV modules.
PVSyst is a standard tool for determining the generation from a solar plant, however there is little standardisation over the losses to be assumed.
Based on Gensol's experience, every loss has been analysed & through this document we are indicating on the loss percentage to be assumed.
The document introduces a new PV Module Rating system created by the Principal Solar Institute to provide an independent rating for comparing solar photovoltaic modules. The rating system evaluates modules based on 7 key characteristics that impact lifetime energy production, including efficiency, temperature coefficients, and power output at different irradiance levels. By combining these factors, the system calculates a single rating number for each module designed to help solar professionals select the optimal module for different applications and locations. The new rating aims to standardize module comparisons and bring more transparency to the rapidly growing solar industry.
Performance Safety and Cost Dependencies of Large Energy Storage SystemsAntonio Reis
Lithium-ion battery technology has enabled mobile devices and electric vehicles, but further cost reductions are needed for large-scale energy storage applications. Performance, safety, and cost are interdependent and improvements require an integrated approach across material development, cell manufacturing, and energy storage system design. Early design choices strongly influence the manufacturing process and overall system integration. Optimizing these factors will depend on greater collaboration between academia, manufacturers, and system integrators through cross-training and a more vertically integrated approach to design and production.
This document provides an overview of solar photovoltaic system design, operation, and installation for builders in the Pacific Northwest. It covers evaluating a building site's solar potential, common PV system configurations and components, considerations for component selection and system design/installation, typical costs, applicable codes, and resources for more information. The document is intended to give builders a basic understanding of including grid-connected solar PV systems as an option for customers.
The SolarEdge DC optimized inverter system was installed on a 56.4 kWp rooftop solar system for an apartment building in Helsingør, Denmark. This system allowed for a 5% increase in overall system size by enabling modules of varying tilt and orientation to be connected in a single string. It also provided a 10% annual increase in energy production compared to a traditional inverter. The flexible design of the SolarEdge system reduced balance of system costs by 10% and simplified the design.
Ground Mount Solar Panels in Colorado SpringsSolarise Solar
Here is some information about ground-mounted solar panels, to help you determine if this green energy system is best for your needs
https://www.solarisesolar.com/ground-mount-solar-panels-in-colorado-springs/
The article explains about the cause & effect of Potential Induced Degradation, Snail Trail & Long Time Damp Heat as quality issues in solar PV modules.
PVSyst is a standard tool for determining the generation from a solar plant, however there is little standardisation over the losses to be assumed.
Based on Gensol's experience, every loss has been analysed & through this document we are indicating on the loss percentage to be assumed.
The document introduces a new PV Module Rating system created by the Principal Solar Institute to provide an independent rating for comparing solar photovoltaic modules. The rating system evaluates modules based on 7 key characteristics that impact lifetime energy production, including efficiency, temperature coefficients, and power output at different irradiance levels. By combining these factors, the system calculates a single rating number for each module designed to help solar professionals select the optimal module for different applications and locations. The new rating aims to standardize module comparisons and bring more transparency to the rapidly growing solar industry.
Performance Safety and Cost Dependencies of Large Energy Storage SystemsAntonio Reis
Lithium-ion battery technology has enabled mobile devices and electric vehicles, but further cost reductions are needed for large-scale energy storage applications. Performance, safety, and cost are interdependent and improvements require an integrated approach across material development, cell manufacturing, and energy storage system design. Early design choices strongly influence the manufacturing process and overall system integration. Optimizing these factors will depend on greater collaboration between academia, manufacturers, and system integrators through cross-training and a more vertically integrated approach to design and production.
The document provides an overview of Disney Celebration Village, a master planned community developed by Disney in Celebration, Florida in 1996 based on new urbanist principles. It discusses some of the key features Disney included, such as a city center, town hall, movie theater, and schools. However, it notes Disney eventually relinquished control due to controversies over issues like school curriculum. It also summarizes some common criticisms of Celebration Village, such as it feeling too planned and residents having to drive elsewhere for many necessities.
This document discusses community-based food systems and urban farms. It describes how such systems aim to be sustainable on social, economic, and environmental levels by engaging the community, creating jobs, reducing transportation costs, and reusing land. Specific examples are provided, like Cultivate Kansas City, which operates urban farms and educates farmers, and The Plant in Chicago, which uses aquaponics. Food hubs are also summarized as businesses that aggregate and distribute local foods to improve producer access and consumer health.
The WaterWorks at Arizona Falls project is designed to be an engaging public space that also functions as a hydro-power plant. It will provide amenities like an outdoor classroom, shade structures, a dance floor, and pedestrian bridge. The project aims to reinterpret the utility of water as both a commodity and attraction.
The document summarizes sustainability features of four building projects:
1. The Lance Armstrong Foundation headquarters reused 88% of materials from the existing warehouse and utilized natural lighting through clerestory windows.
2. The Green Building in Louisville reused the existing building shell and materials, uses rainwater collection and green roofs, and generates its own energy through solar panels and geothermal wells.
3. Tassafaronga Village in Oakland reused an existing factory building for housing and included affordable and market-rate units with shared green spaces.
4. 1315 Peachtree in Atlanta reused an existing office building, collects rainwater, uses fresh air ventilation, and employs natural lighting and high-performance
Dissertation_UrbanDesign_FINAL_LR_SecureAilsa Long
This document provides background information for a dissertation exploring how modern technology has impacted social dynamics in small urban public spaces. It discusses the motivation for studying this topic, influenced by William Whyte's prior research on physical features that promote social interaction. The dissertation will use mixed methods including on-site observation and questionnaires at a case study plaza in Virginia to analyze the role of physical, social, and virtual/technological features today. The goal is to provide guidance for designing small urban spaces that foster public social engagement in the digital age.
Solar PV Systems (Engineering, wiring & grid connection) - Martin Cotterell (...Farming Futures
Sundog Energy is an installer of solar photovoltaic systems since 1995. They have installed hundreds of systems across the UK on various building types. Their current projects include a 240kWp system at Kings Cross Station and a 50kWp facade system for a Newham Council building. PV systems generally consist of solar panels that convert sunlight to electricity, an inverter to convert DC to AC, and a connection to the building's electrical distribution. Proper siting and components are important for performance. MCS certification provides standards for installers and products but does not guarantee all aspects of safety, experience or system complexity.
Solar Panel Installation A Comprehensive Guide.pdfDYFA Electrical
In this PDF, we ae going to talk about Solar Panel Installation A Comprehensive Guide. If you want to know more about it. Then you should read this PDF.
The document analyzes the feasibility and cost-benefit of installing a roof-mounted solar photovoltaic array at a home in Seattle, WA. The home receives good solar exposure and existing energy use is around 4,845 kWh per year. An 8 kW solar system is proposed, which would cost $16,280 upfront but qualify for incentives and tax credits. Over time the system would save money compared to purchasing electricity from the grid as energy costs rise.
The document analyzes the feasibility and cost-benefit of installing a roof-mounted solar photovoltaic array at a home in Seattle, WA. The home receives good solar exposure and existing energy use is around 4,845 kWh per year. An 8 kW solar system is proposed, which would cost $16,280 after incentives and is estimated to generate 27% less electricity than currently used, providing a good return on investment over the long term.
Solar energy projects may underperform for various reasons, and identifying these factors is crucial for optimizing the efficiency and output of solar installations. Majority of the installations in India are i.e. more than 70% of the projects studied by us are underperforming i.e. the PR is below 75% or generation has fallen below 1300 kWh/kWp/year.
There are various reasons for the same viz., Incorrect System Design, Faulty or degraded solar panels, Inverter issues, Shading and obstructions, Inadequate maintenance or lack of O&M best-practices etc.
However these issues could be avoided with adequate pre-project due diligence and onboarding a domain expert such as ENERCO Energy from concept to commissioning of the solar project.
New Mexico Statewide Standards for Solar PV and Solar Thermal KristyDyer
Solar energy has "hard costs" -- panels, racking, inverters. But it also has "soft costs", AHJ permits, delay, filing fees, repeat inspections. Solar PV may appear dangerous and complex to jurisdictions; all too often they require extraordinary paperwork and inspections for small and simple home arrays. REIA NM (Renewable Energy Industry Association of New Mexico, a renewable trade group) worked for a year on the definition of a "simple system" for both Solar PV and Solar Thermal, and developed a single page permitting system that covers 80% of installations in New Mexico.
I "chaired" this committee: set up the meetings, reminded and guilt-tripped busy CEOs to attend, took minutes, did requested research between meetings, gathered materials, presented the permit design and made the final presentation. This work was done in 2011.
The document proposes a "Future House" that is fully electrified using a photovoltaic (solar) power system. It includes a floor plan of the house and discusses designing and installing the PV system. The PV system would provide all of the house's electricity through solar panels on the roof. It describes the typical components of a grid-interactive PV system without battery backup, including solar panels, mounting equipment, inverters, and meters. The document also discusses factors that affect the output of a PV system like sunlight availability and shading.
VEMC Solar Solutions: A Step Towards A Greener Future Solutionsjackmethyu
VEMC offers a wide range of solar solutions. Read on to know more about the applications, uses, and how VEMC's has been contributing to the solar industry for years now.
https://www.vemc.co.in/what-we-do/renewable-energy/solar.php
Trusted Solar Panel Suppliers & Installationanshparmar
VEMC is empanelled channel partners with the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy,Government of India for Solar PV Rooftop – Small Power plant System integrators & installation partners.
VEMC offers innovative and sustainable solar energy solutions for homes and businesses. Our expert team of engineers and technicians specializes in designing, installing, and maintaining solar power systems that help you save on energy costs while reducing your carbon footprint. Contact us today to learn how we can help you transition to clean and renewable energy.
Solar module mounting structure Manufacturervinay kumar
Solar module mounting structures secure solar panels on roofs and other surfaces. They are made of hot-dipped galvanized steel to prevent corrosion. Various mounting structures include fixed mounts, flexible mounts, and tracking mounts. Fixed mounts tilt panels at a fixed angle on poles, roofs, or buildings. Flexible and tracking mounts adjust panel orientation but require more maintenance. Roof mounts typically use rack systems with ventilation space between the roof and panels.
The document provides an overview of Disney Celebration Village, a master planned community developed by Disney in Celebration, Florida in 1996 based on new urbanist principles. It discusses some of the key features Disney included, such as a city center, town hall, movie theater, and schools. However, it notes Disney eventually relinquished control due to controversies over issues like school curriculum. It also summarizes some common criticisms of Celebration Village, such as it feeling too planned and residents having to drive elsewhere for many necessities.
This document discusses community-based food systems and urban farms. It describes how such systems aim to be sustainable on social, economic, and environmental levels by engaging the community, creating jobs, reducing transportation costs, and reusing land. Specific examples are provided, like Cultivate Kansas City, which operates urban farms and educates farmers, and The Plant in Chicago, which uses aquaponics. Food hubs are also summarized as businesses that aggregate and distribute local foods to improve producer access and consumer health.
The WaterWorks at Arizona Falls project is designed to be an engaging public space that also functions as a hydro-power plant. It will provide amenities like an outdoor classroom, shade structures, a dance floor, and pedestrian bridge. The project aims to reinterpret the utility of water as both a commodity and attraction.
The document summarizes sustainability features of four building projects:
1. The Lance Armstrong Foundation headquarters reused 88% of materials from the existing warehouse and utilized natural lighting through clerestory windows.
2. The Green Building in Louisville reused the existing building shell and materials, uses rainwater collection and green roofs, and generates its own energy through solar panels and geothermal wells.
3. Tassafaronga Village in Oakland reused an existing factory building for housing and included affordable and market-rate units with shared green spaces.
4. 1315 Peachtree in Atlanta reused an existing office building, collects rainwater, uses fresh air ventilation, and employs natural lighting and high-performance
Dissertation_UrbanDesign_FINAL_LR_SecureAilsa Long
This document provides background information for a dissertation exploring how modern technology has impacted social dynamics in small urban public spaces. It discusses the motivation for studying this topic, influenced by William Whyte's prior research on physical features that promote social interaction. The dissertation will use mixed methods including on-site observation and questionnaires at a case study plaza in Virginia to analyze the role of physical, social, and virtual/technological features today. The goal is to provide guidance for designing small urban spaces that foster public social engagement in the digital age.
Solar PV Systems (Engineering, wiring & grid connection) - Martin Cotterell (...Farming Futures
Sundog Energy is an installer of solar photovoltaic systems since 1995. They have installed hundreds of systems across the UK on various building types. Their current projects include a 240kWp system at Kings Cross Station and a 50kWp facade system for a Newham Council building. PV systems generally consist of solar panels that convert sunlight to electricity, an inverter to convert DC to AC, and a connection to the building's electrical distribution. Proper siting and components are important for performance. MCS certification provides standards for installers and products but does not guarantee all aspects of safety, experience or system complexity.
Solar Panel Installation A Comprehensive Guide.pdfDYFA Electrical
In this PDF, we ae going to talk about Solar Panel Installation A Comprehensive Guide. If you want to know more about it. Then you should read this PDF.
The document analyzes the feasibility and cost-benefit of installing a roof-mounted solar photovoltaic array at a home in Seattle, WA. The home receives good solar exposure and existing energy use is around 4,845 kWh per year. An 8 kW solar system is proposed, which would cost $16,280 upfront but qualify for incentives and tax credits. Over time the system would save money compared to purchasing electricity from the grid as energy costs rise.
The document analyzes the feasibility and cost-benefit of installing a roof-mounted solar photovoltaic array at a home in Seattle, WA. The home receives good solar exposure and existing energy use is around 4,845 kWh per year. An 8 kW solar system is proposed, which would cost $16,280 after incentives and is estimated to generate 27% less electricity than currently used, providing a good return on investment over the long term.
Solar energy projects may underperform for various reasons, and identifying these factors is crucial for optimizing the efficiency and output of solar installations. Majority of the installations in India are i.e. more than 70% of the projects studied by us are underperforming i.e. the PR is below 75% or generation has fallen below 1300 kWh/kWp/year.
There are various reasons for the same viz., Incorrect System Design, Faulty or degraded solar panels, Inverter issues, Shading and obstructions, Inadequate maintenance or lack of O&M best-practices etc.
However these issues could be avoided with adequate pre-project due diligence and onboarding a domain expert such as ENERCO Energy from concept to commissioning of the solar project.
New Mexico Statewide Standards for Solar PV and Solar Thermal KristyDyer
Solar energy has "hard costs" -- panels, racking, inverters. But it also has "soft costs", AHJ permits, delay, filing fees, repeat inspections. Solar PV may appear dangerous and complex to jurisdictions; all too often they require extraordinary paperwork and inspections for small and simple home arrays. REIA NM (Renewable Energy Industry Association of New Mexico, a renewable trade group) worked for a year on the definition of a "simple system" for both Solar PV and Solar Thermal, and developed a single page permitting system that covers 80% of installations in New Mexico.
I "chaired" this committee: set up the meetings, reminded and guilt-tripped busy CEOs to attend, took minutes, did requested research between meetings, gathered materials, presented the permit design and made the final presentation. This work was done in 2011.
The document proposes a "Future House" that is fully electrified using a photovoltaic (solar) power system. It includes a floor plan of the house and discusses designing and installing the PV system. The PV system would provide all of the house's electricity through solar panels on the roof. It describes the typical components of a grid-interactive PV system without battery backup, including solar panels, mounting equipment, inverters, and meters. The document also discusses factors that affect the output of a PV system like sunlight availability and shading.
VEMC Solar Solutions: A Step Towards A Greener Future Solutionsjackmethyu
VEMC offers a wide range of solar solutions. Read on to know more about the applications, uses, and how VEMC's has been contributing to the solar industry for years now.
https://www.vemc.co.in/what-we-do/renewable-energy/solar.php
Trusted Solar Panel Suppliers & Installationanshparmar
VEMC is empanelled channel partners with the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy,Government of India for Solar PV Rooftop – Small Power plant System integrators & installation partners.
VEMC offers innovative and sustainable solar energy solutions for homes and businesses. Our expert team of engineers and technicians specializes in designing, installing, and maintaining solar power systems that help you save on energy costs while reducing your carbon footprint. Contact us today to learn how we can help you transition to clean and renewable energy.
Solar module mounting structure Manufacturervinay kumar
Solar module mounting structures secure solar panels on roofs and other surfaces. They are made of hot-dipped galvanized steel to prevent corrosion. Various mounting structures include fixed mounts, flexible mounts, and tracking mounts. Fixed mounts tilt panels at a fixed angle on poles, roofs, or buildings. Flexible and tracking mounts adjust panel orientation but require more maintenance. Roof mounts typically use rack systems with ventilation space between the roof and panels.
This 15-page document provides a comprehensive proposal for a 10KW off-grid solar photovoltaic system. The system would include 40 250-watt solar panels, 1 inverter, mounting structures, electrical accessories, and optional monitoring equipment. Installation is estimated to take 1-8 weeks upon receipt of payment. The total cost is estimated at 7.5 lakhs plus additional costs for taxes and an upgraded inverter capacity. A 25-year warranty is provided for the solar panels and shorter warranties for other components.
SOLAR SOLUTIONS A STEP TOWARDS A GREENER FUTUREurjarathi
VEMC offers end-to-end solutions including choosing the right kind of setup, like rooftops, ground-mounted solutions, and solar tracking to choosing the right kind of financial model likes the Capex or Opex models.
The document provides a proposal for a 50 KVA on-grid solar PV system. It includes a 41 KW DC capacity system using 136 300-watt solar panels that is expected to produce 100,800 KWh of energy per year. The system components include the solar panels, inverters, mounting structures, cables, and other electrical accessories. The total cost of the project is 24 lakh INR and payment terms include an initial advance payment and stages of payment upon delivery and installation.
This document provides an overview of solar photovoltaic system design, operation, and installation for builders in the Pacific Northwest. It covers evaluating a building site's solar potential, common PV system configurations and components, considerations for component selection and system design/installation, typical costs, applicable codes, and resources for more information. The document is intended to give builders a basic understanding of including grid-connected solar PV systems as an option for customers.
This document provides an overview of solar photovoltaic system design, operation, and installation for builders in the Pacific Northwest. It covers evaluating a building site for solar potential, common system types and components, safety considerations, and design resources. The target audience is builders looking to include solar electric systems in construction projects.
The document discusses two alternatives for a proposed 100kW solar photovoltaic rooftop power plant project in India. Alternative A involves a system with battery backup, while Alternative B is a grid-interactive system without battery storage. Both alternatives are analyzed in terms of their project tasks, timelines, costs including materials, labor and utilities, and projected returns. Alternative B is identified as the better option due to lower maintenance costs and avoiding issues with a battery bank. A SWOT analysis and critical path analysis are also provided to evaluate the project alternatives.
Similar to Lonnie 11x17 photo voltaic technology (20)
The document describes a proposed set of rooftop greenhouses in Paris that would add green space and food production while utilizing solar heat. It also outlines an urban farming system called PlantaSymbioSystem where organic waste from farms is used to produce biogas and fertilizers in a cyclical system. Additionally, it provides details on anaerobic digestion, the multi-step process by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material to produce renewable biogas and fertilizer.
The document discusses plans for the redevelopment of the former Naval Training Center (NTC) site in Orlando, Florida into a new mixed-use community called Baldwin Park. The development will include a walkable village center located alongside Lake Baldwin, surrounded by distinct residential neighborhoods. Priority will be given to enhancing the pedestrian experience and encouraging alternative transportation. A centralized public elementary school and various neighborhood centers will help define the community.
The document provides recommended practices for street design in walking communities. It discusses the traditional grid versus conventional grid patterns and recommends the traditional grid for better pedestrian access. It also recommends a hierarchy that prioritizes pedestrians first, then transit, bicycles, and cars. Key street design elements discussed include building orientation, streetside zones, appropriate block lengths, and design standards for streets, avenues, boulevards, and alternative boulevards.
The document discusses different types of mixed-use communities and their advantages. It provides examples of Assembly Row in Boston, Santana Row in San Jose, and Bethesda Row in Bethesda. It analyzes their layout, amenities, transit access, and walkability. The key advantage discussed is having housing, offices, retail, and restaurants clustered together to meet daily needs within walkable distances. The document then discusses walkscore, bikescore, and transitscore metrics and how improving Allendale, Louisiana's score could benefit health, environment, savings and community engagement. The ideal neighborhood incorporates good transit and bike infrastructure, a walkable center, mixed-uses, and diversity.
1. Photo-voltaic Panel Technology:
Sun Hours/Day Zone Solar Map
Panel Types:
Mono-crystalline, or Single Crystal Cells:
Also known as the original PV technology,
was invented in 1955 , and never known to
wear out. These single crystal modules are
composed of cells cut from a piece of
continuous crystal. The material is formed
into cylinders which are sliced into thin wafers
which can be installed in their circular form to
minimize waste or can be trimmed to a desired
shape for installation. PV experts generally agree
that the crystalline silicone form of cell is the premium
technology for critical applications in remote areas.
Thin Film Panels:
This form of panel can be made light weight by
using flexible, plastic glazing. Some of these types
of panels can tolerate a bullet hole without failing.
Some forms of this panel perform slightly better than
crystalline panel modules under low light conditions.
The disadvantage of thin film technology are lower
efficiency and uncertain durability. This means more
space is required and also requires more mounting hardware
for the additional panel coverage required. They
also tend to be less stable than crystalline and degrade
over time causing shorter life spans for the installation.
National Average Hours (Over the course of the year)
ZONE 1 - 6 hours
ZONE 2 - 5.5 hours
ZONE 3 - 5 hours
ZONE 4 - 4.5 hours
ZONE 5 - 4.2 hours
ZONE 6 - 3.5 hours
Shreveport, Louisiana
High:
4.8 hours
Low:
3.73 hours
Average: 4.4 hours
Installation cost
Years
Polycrystalline Cells:
This form of panel entered the market place in 1981
and are made from similar silicon material as the
Mono-crystalline panels except these are melted and
poured into a mold of a specific shape. As the material
cools, it crystallizes in an imperfect manner forming
random crystal boundaries. The efficiency of energy
conversion is slightly lower which requires the finished
module be slightly larger per watt. The irregularity in the
crystal structure produces variations of blue which give
the appearance of a gemstone, which can be quite
nice aesthetically speaking.
Residential Installation
Residential Installation
Residential Installation
Installation Process
2. Photo-voltaic Panel Technology:
Panel Mounting Options:
There are several options for mounting of PV array’s at a residence.
A typical 2 Kilowatt PV system requires 200-400 square feet of unobstructed
area to site the system. An additional 20% of area is needed for access
to the mounting area and the installed system. The added wight of a PV
array is typically 3-to-5 lbs./sq. ft. so this needs to be accounted for with any
existing or new structure prior to installation of the system array.
Roof Mount:
Often the most convenient and appropriate place for installation of the
PV system. The system may be mounted above and parallel to the
roof surface with several inches of standoff for cooling purposes.
With flat roof systems, additional structure is sometimes required to
achieve the optimal tilt angle of the installed panels.
When applied to masonry style roof systems, additional structural
support may be required since the roof system has been designed
near the limit of its weight-bearing capacity.
Shade Structure:
As an alternative to roof mounting, this system is installed as a
shading structure such as in a patio cover. The construction cost
for such a system can vary depending on the amount of shading
desired and the angle at which the system is to be installed.
If the PV system is at a steeper angle that what the shading device
calls for, then additional structural elements would have to be
installed. With the shade structure location, some of the installation
cost could possibly be traded off with less mounting hardware and
associated installation labor. Although the overall cost for such
an installation may be more than the roof mount option, but the
of the shade element may be the determining factor for such.
Other issues that should be considered with this type of installation
are:
Simplified array access for maintenance.
Module wiring installation needs planning and implementation
for visibility issues.
Day to day maintenance issues such as vines and other
vegetation growth have to be addressed for optimal
array operation.
Additional factors that affect Photo-voltaic arrays.
Additional factors that have to be taken into account when determining the
efficiency of the Photo-voltaic system include temperature, dirt and dust
accumulation, mismatch and wiring losses, DC to AC conversion losses, failure of
wiring systems due to unforeseen or outside intrusion and weather.
The installation has to be maintained, cleaned and surveyed for possible problems
on a set basis. This may be annually on a month to month basis for some items where
others may be on a yearly basis. Good maintenance practices are the key to the
most potential in any system and should be scheduled and adhered to.
Animal intrusion should be addressed in a timely fashion if it should occur to keep
costly repairs to a minimum. Require of the installation company or at a minimum,
the manufacturer, information about warranties and service agreements. Most
often, a good service contract is a great way to get the full benefit of the
installation with the least amount of additional cost to the home/business owner.
Ask questions up front before you sign a contract, once you agree to the scope
of installation, it is difficult and costly to amend or change such contracts.
Orientation of the structure and the sun angle plays a big part in the total
efficiency of the installation. During the day, the angle of sunlight striking the
solar module will change and has an affect on the total power output of the
system. The output from the system will rise from zero during dawn hours and
increase with the sun angle to its peak output at midday and then gradually
decrease into the afternoon and back to zero at night. Placement and location
for optimal solar usage is key to a successful installed system and should be
carefully considered prior to installation. Area of coverage, the sun angle and
the pitch of the roof play an important part in the efficiency of the installation.
See chart for more information:
Patio Installation
Integrated Roofing Installation
Off-Grid Installation
Building-Integrated PV array systems (BIPV):
This type of system displaces the conventional roofing materials that
we typically associate with the building process and is installed in
these locations. Commercially available products that are currently
available include Roof Slates (similar to masonry roofing) and
standing seam metal roof products. These installations required
special attention to insure that these elements are installed properly
and meet the necessary fire ratings for local codes and ordinances
governing the type or scope of construction. With this type of
installation, dimensional tolerances require strict adherence and
manufacture installation instructions must be followed precisely to
remove possible conflicts, roof leakage and installation failure.
Grid-Tie Installation
3. Photo-voltaic Panel Technology:
Examples of Specific PV system capabilities:
Estimated system cost:
System Size:
(in watts per hour)
Monthly Output Capability:
(based on 5 hours of direct/
insolated sunshine per day)
Approximate cost:
(before tax incentives
and rebates)
RV Systems Installation
These figures are based on a complete solar power system installation installed by
a specific installation company (Wholesale Solar). Other companies prices may
vary and based on location and other factors. Prices as shown are approximate
as of August 2012 and may vary from what is shown. Prices do not include freight,
taxes, racking systems, installation of axillary add on items such as battery
back-up or purchase price of these item.
Federal Tax Credits:
Hybrid Installation
Tax credits have been extended till 2016 and the new FTC will take effect as of
January 1, 2009. (Check with your tax advisor for current conditions)
For homes and commercial businesses, it covers solar hot water and solar electric.
It does not cover solar pool heaters.
For both residential and commercial, you get 30% back with no cap.
Check with you tax advisor for proper forms and information that are required to
accurately report these systems to the IRS.
In the state of Louisiana, Contact (http://www.LSES.org) for more information about
solar energy and the possible tax credits possible.
Residential Installation (Japan)
Other Alternative Energy Programs:
Individuals are encouraged to contact other agencies such as “HELP - Home
Energy Loan Program” for available financial help in purchasing and installing
alternative energy sources for their home of place of business.
System mounting blocks:
( Element as shown mount
to structure with roof
insulation surrounding block)
Mounting rail:
(panels mount directly to
rail which is mounted on
racking system structure)