38. Sudden Deaths of Neonates Receiving
Intravenous Infusion of Lipid Emulsion
Contaminated with Citrobacter freundii
38
At an intensive care unit, four neonates died consecutively within
80 minutes. Citrobacter freundii was isolated from blood samples
of the 4 patients. It was also cultured from the leftover SMOFlipid
that had been infused intravenously into the patients. In this in
vitro study, we evaluated the bacterial growth kinetics and change
in size of fat globules in SMOFlipid contaminated with C. freundii.
Following the growth of bacteria, pH of SMOFlipid decreased to <
6, and the number of fat globules larger than 5 µm increased.
Pulmonary fat embolism is proposed as a possible cause of the
sudden deaths as well as fulminant sepsis.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5832946/
39. Sudden Deaths of Neonates Receiving
Intravenous Infusion of Lipid Emulsion
Contaminated with Citrobacter freundii
39
Based on our study findings, we propose that pulmonary fat
embolism as well as fulminant sepsis may be a possible cause of
the deaths of the 4 neonates. In order to prevent morbidity or
mortality due to intravenous lipid emulsions, emulsion stability
and sterility must be perfectly maintained. Manipulation of
intravenous lipid emulsions should always be performed under
strict aseptic pharmaceutical conditions, such as within a laminar
airflow hood by well-trained pharmacy staff. Admixture of other
medications with and administration of lipid emulsions should
follow the manufacturer's instructions, and a 1.2 micron in-line
filter should be used during administration.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5832946/
78. 78
WHO 2012. The evolving threat of antimicrobial resistance: options for action
Macrolideuse
Macrolideres.
S. pyo
Overalluseinchildren
S. pn
Penicillinres.
Sulphonamideres.
Trimethoprimres.
Quinoloneres.
Trimethoprimuse
E. coli
Sulphonamideuse
E. coli
Quinoloneuse
E. coli
104. Overall HH compliance was 32.0%.
Health care workers had the highest
HH compliance for indication 4 (42.6%),
and the lowest for indication 5 (21.7%)
105. A total of 31,522 HH opportunities were
observed (4581 overtly, 26,941 covertly).
There were 3047 matched pairs after 1:1
matching of overt and covert observations.
The overall HH compliance was higher with
overt observation than with covert
observation (78% vs. 55%, p < 0.001).
116. 「醫療過失」- 美國死因第三位
1999,因可預防的醫療過失,造成一年98,000人死亡。
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2013,因可預防的醫療過失,造成一年40萬人死亡。
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2016,因不必要的手術、藥物使用等,造成一年20+(251,454)萬人
死亡。
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