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網路之可信度、正確性
10713 陳郁安
何謂網路資訊可信度 ?
最早「可信度」一詞的由 Hovland 、 Janis 和
Kelly 於 1953 年提出。其認為構成可信度的主要因素
有二:「可靠性」( Trustworthiness )和專家知識。
「可靠性」是評估資訊可信度一個很重要的因素,具有
可靠性的資訊往往是可信賴的、沒有主觀偏見與公平的。
而「專家知識」則是知識、技能與經驗的累積。所以當
人們發現某資訊是由專家或具有專業資格的人所提出,
往往都會認同此資訊是具有價值性、正確性且可信任的
。
你覺得網路資訊可信嗎?
隨著資訊科技的進步,網路資訊變得更多更豐富,
取得資訊的機會也變得更加容易。
然而,人們不再只是單方面的下載接收資訊,每
個人都可以是作者,正因為如此,網路資訊不需要透
過專業的編輯者進行內容品質的篩選與過濾。隨之衍
生出網路資訊之問題,包含品質不佳、缺乏管理過濾機制
、以及資訊內容可能缺少可信度、過時不完整甚至不正確。
資訊使用者應如何在眾多的
資訊中去蕪存精,辨別資訊的正確性?
五大驗證準則
對於網路資訊可信度的驗證,許多學者認為大多數
人經常都是利用自我主觀意識或是對於此資訊過去的相
關經驗來判斷資訊的正確性。
過去文獻指出應以五個驗證準則來協助網路使用者
進行資訊驗證行為,包括:
正確性( Accuracy )、權威性( Authority )、客觀性
( Objectivity )、時效性( Currency )、涵蓋性
( Coverage )
正確性:
網站內容正確無誤,能夠在離線狀態下被驗證以及
網站標題與內容一致。
權威性:
網站內的資訊會註明網頁設計者或內容提供者的相關
資訊、贊助者、內容資料來源以及網站的基本資料。
可瞭解發佈網站的目的或動機。此外也可在網路上搜
尋作者的名字,間接證實這個作者的存在與否和可信
度。
客觀性:
網站內所有資訊的目的皆屬客觀的,不具任何商業意
圖或是主觀意識與衝突。留意是否有錯字,以及這個
網路資訊是否太過戲劇化,或是有煽動性、不合理或
錯誤的描述
涵蓋性:網站提供全面性或深入的資訊,
以滿足使用者需求。
時效性:網站提供的資訊內容新穎且更新快速。
留意網頁底端或標題的資訊發佈時間以及修改時間,
要特別注意的是,網站的設計或背景顏色更新,不表
示資訊內容也會更新。
結論
網路使用者每天需要面對瞬息萬變、龐大豐富的網路
資訊時,如何評估網路資訊或是應如何培養自己具備正確
的驗證能力,是每一個網路使用者都需要持續面對的問題
,也是網路行為研究者需關注的議題。
參考資料 :
http://rchss.nthu.edu.tw/e_generation/paper/1120.pdf
http://content.edu.tw/wiki/index.php/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E5%80
%AB%E7%90%86
http://eteacher.edu.tw/Read.aspx?PostID=1754
http://tsaiwei664.wordpress.com/2009/05/27/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%
88%A4%E6%96%B7%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E
7%9A%84%E6%AD%A3%E7%A2%BA%E6%80%A7
圖片來源
http://www.google.com.tw/imgres?q=%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF&um=1&
http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/10/12/26/n3124119.htm
http://www.fyvs.tc.edu.tw/front/bin/ptlist.phtml?Category=154

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