Presented by: YAMAJI Eiji Presented at: IRC Pre-Congress SRI Day. November 8, 2010

1. J-SRI Research Group
YAMAJI Eiji
Dewi Sri

2. 2
History of J-SRI
2007
January Unofficial establishment, decided the name
April 1 Official establishment
July 2 Lecture of Prof. Uphoff at Tokyo University
2008
Dec. 1 Lecture of Mr. Iwasawa
Meetings 6 times
2009
Field visit 1 time
Meetings 5 times
2010
Meetings 4 times plus…..

3. 3
Members of J-SRI
Advisors Norman Uphoff & Horie Takeshi
Chairman Yamaji Eiji
Chief Secretary Mizoguchi Masaru
Secretaries Sato Shuichi
Araki Tetsuya
Abe Jun
Yokoyama Shigeki
Kimura Sonoko Dorothea
Noborio Kosuke
Tanaka Atsuko
Inspector s Kobayashi Kazuhiko
Iida Toshiaki
Members 2+10+152+16 =180 (as of Oct. 31, 2010)

4. 4
Subject Interests of J-SRI Members
Land Consolidation Yamaji Eiji
Soil Physics Mizoguchi Masaru
Project Management Sato Shuichi
Fieldwork Araki Tetsuya
Root Growth Abe Jun
Nutrition Toriyama Kazunobu
Social Network Yokoyama Shigeki
GHG Emissions Kimura Sonoko Dorothea
Noborio Kosuke
Iida Toshiaki
Modeling Kobayashi Kazuhiko
Tanaka Atsuko

5. 5
J-SRI Activities
Studies of SRI technology
Surveys of SRI in Indonesia, Lao,
Cambodia, Viet Nam, Philippines, India,
and Kenya
Experiments in Indonesia and Japan
Measurements of CH4 and N2O

6. 6
SRI in Japan
Researchers
TUAT Field research 2007, 2008
UT Field research 2008, 2009,
Lysimeter 2010
Meiji University Lysimeter 2010
JIRCAS Field research 2010
Farmers
Mr. Ogawa, Aichi prefecture 2009
Mr. Iwasawa and team 2010
Non-farmers
NPO Hotaruno, Chiba prefecture 2010

7. 7
Some Findings of J-SRI
Conditions of yield increase
Mechanisms of yield increase
Reducing GHG emissions
How many plants for transplant
Farmers’ acceptance
Spread of SRI … just started

8. Country SRI (non-SRI) Country SRI (non-SRI)
Bangladesh 6.3 (4.9) Madagascar 7.2 (2.6)
Cambodia 4.8 (2.7) Myanmar 5.4 (2.0)
China 12.4 (10.9) Nepal 8.5 (4.2)
Cuba 7.4 (4.3) Philippines 6.0 (3.0)
India 8.0 (4.0) Sierra Leone 5.3 (2.5)
Indonesia 7.4 (5.0) Sri Lanka 7.8 (3.6)
Sato Shuichi(2006), units = tons of unhusked rice
Reported Yield Increases

9. Stoop, Uphoff
et al.
(2002)
Researchers
positive
Rafaralahy
(2002)
NGO
Madagascar case
15 ~ 20 ton/ha
Ceesay et al.
(2006)
Experiment
in Gambia
Sato
(2006)
Consultant
Much experience
in Indonesia
Focus on roots
Sheehy et al.
(2004)
Negative
for
irrigation method
Dobermann
(2003)
Negative
Using yield model
and China experiment
Horie et al.
(2005)
Possible
Based on
Japanese experience
Positive/Negative Papers
Originated by Shimizu Keisuke (2008)

10. Papers Country Field
SRI yield
(t/ha)
SRI
increase
Tsujimoto et al.3)
Madagascar F 8.9 5.1
Satyaranayana et al.4)
India F 8.7 2.5
Thakur et al.5)
India ES 6.3 1.8
Sinha and Talati6)
India F 5.8 1.7
Mishra and Salokhe7)
Thailand ES 6.3 1.1
Zhao et al.8)
China ES 7.3 0.9
Chapagain and Yamaji9)
Japan ES 7.4 0.0
Sheehy et al.10)
China ES 7.2 0.0
Islam et al.11) Bangladesh ES 5.6 -0.2
Stoop1)
China ES 3.7 -0.3
Latif et al.12) Bangladesh ES 5.4 -0.7
SRI yield from another view (Wakimoto)

11. One point is not enough
SRI SRI conventional
6.20 7.52 4.30
7.53 7.82 5.42
Sulawesi

12. 4 5 6 7 8 9 t/ha
More detailed measurement

15. 5m x 5m size, 20 plots
Lombok Test site

16. 0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
D1 D2 D4 S1 S2 S4 T1 T2 T4 N1 N2 N4 C1 C2 C4
t/ha
Intermittent Irrigation Continuous Irrigation
Direct Seeding 7 days 21 days 7 days 21 days
Yield, 2007/2008 Rainy Season
Plots 5m by 2.5m

17. 17
Kashiwa Field
Conv. Organic
SRI Chemical
Conv. Chemical
SRI Organic Channel
Tsukuba eXpress
May 18 – October 3, 2009
Chamber

18. 18
Snapshots: SRI vs Conventional Management
Sample Plants: SRI Sample Plants: Conventional Panicles: SRI vs
Conventional
Intermittent vs Flooded Plot Intermittent Plot (60 DAT) Flooded
Plot (60 DAT)

19. 19
Observations: Yield Parameters
Yield and yield attributing traits as affected by
treatments during 2009 rice season
Treatment
s
Days to
Flowerin
g
Days to
Maturity
Grain
Yield (t/h)
Straw
Yield (t/h)
Harvest
Index (%)
Plant
Lodging %
Organic
SRI
76 (84) 120
(128)
6.6 4.8 57.8 0
Organic
Non-SRI
72 (94) 114
(136)
6.5 6.4 50.2 0
Chemical
SRI
76 (84) 120
(128)
5.9 5.0 54.2 20
Chemical
Non-SRI
72 (94) 114
(136)
6.8 6.6 50.9 90
One/Hill ET: 11.8 6.2 5.9 51.3 60
Two/Hill ET: 17.2 7.1 7.0 50.2 60
Three/Hill ET: 16 5.9 6.5 47.3 90
Hexagonal ET: 22 7.1 5.2 57.8 20

20. Measurement MethodMeasurement Method
1m
30cm
30cm
OutletOutlet
Pressure bagPressure bag
fanfan
ThermometerThermometer
handlehandle
50 mL Syringe50 mL Syringe
Tedler bagTedler bag
Closed Chamber method
Methane ： GC-FID
(Shimazu GC-14A)
Nitrous Oxide ： GC-ECD
（ Shimazu
GC-2014 ）
1 ～ 3 times/ week

22. 22
Gas Flux Measured
メタンフラックス
- 10
- 5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2009/5/17 2009/7/6 2009/8/25 2009/10/14
(mgCH4m
-2
h
-1
)
S RI 有機肥料
S RI 化学肥料
慣行農法 有機
肥料
慣行農法 化学
肥料
Unit Gas FluxMethane Flux

23. 23
日本の水田でのメタン放出量（C O2 放出量に換算）
0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
5 0 0
S RI/ 有機 S RI/ 化学 慣行/ 有機 慣行/ 化学
（gCO2/m2
）
Methane Flux in Kashiwa
SRI Org. SRI Chem. Conv. Org. Conv. Chem
Methane Flux CO2 equivalent

24. 2424
Nitrous Oxide Flux in Kashiwa
日本の水田での亜酸化窒素放出量
（C O 2 放出量に換算）
- 4 0
- 3 0
- 2 0
- 1 0
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
S RI/ 有機 S RI/ 化学 慣行/ 有機 慣行/ 化学
（gCO2/m
2
）
24
Nitrous Oxide Flux CO2 equivalent
SRI Org. SRI Chem. Conv. Org. Conv. Chem

25. 25
日本の水田でのメタン、亜酸化窒素放出量
（C O2 放出量に換算）
0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
5 0 0
S RI/ 有機 S RI/ 化学 慣行/ 有機 慣行/ 化学
（gCO2/m2
）
25
NH4 and N2O Flux
SRI Org. SRI Chem. Conv. Org. Conv. Chem
Flux of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Flux: CO2 equivalent

26. Website: J － SRI study group
http://www.iai.ga.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/j-sri/
In Japan, too much rice presently produced
 So why J-SRI
Becoming important in many countries
1. Improve and apply Japanese technologies
2. Rice for other uses than eating
SRI in future

27. Terima kasih