Este documento resume los principales tipos de tumores renales, incluyendo tumores benignos como el angiomiolipoma y tumores malignos como el carcinoma de células renales y el tumor de Wilms. Describe las características microscópicas y clínicas de los subtipos más comunes de carcinoma renal, como el carcinoma de células claras y el carcinoma papilar. También resume los factores pronósticos y las opciones de tratamiento para el cáncer renal dependiendo del estadio.
Este documento resume información sobre varios tumores abdominales, incluyendo neuroblastoma y tumor de Wilms. El neuroblastoma es el tumor maligno abdominal más frecuente en niños y se origina en las células del sistema nervioso simpático. El tumor de Wilms es un tumor renal que ocurre principalmente en niños menores de 5 años. Ambos tumores pueden causar masas abdominales, dolor y metástasis a otros órganos. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante exámenes de imagen y biopsia, y el tratamiento incluye cirugía
This document discusses various research methods and tools used in cognitive neuroscience, including questionnaires, eye trackers, EEG/MEG, PET, MRI/fMRI, NIRS, TMS, and tDCS. It provides examples of how each method is used, such as measuring brain activity with EEG during eye open and closed states, and detecting awareness in vegetative patients using fMRI.
This document discusses the uses of PROC PRINT and PROC MEANS in SAS. PROC PRINT is used to print out and list the data values in a SAS data set. It allows you to specify titles, variable identifiers, and variables. PROC MEANS calculates descriptive statistics like means, standard deviations, minimum and maximum values from the data. You can specify which statistics to compute using options with PROC MEANS and list the variables to analyze. Both procedures end with a run statement and utilize semicolons after each statement.
Este documento resume los principales tipos de tumores renales, incluyendo tumores benignos como el angiomiolipoma y tumores malignos como el carcinoma de células renales y el tumor de Wilms. Describe las características microscópicas y clínicas de los subtipos más comunes de carcinoma renal, como el carcinoma de células claras y el carcinoma papilar. También resume los factores pronósticos y las opciones de tratamiento para el cáncer renal dependiendo del estadio.
Este documento resume información sobre varios tumores abdominales, incluyendo neuroblastoma y tumor de Wilms. El neuroblastoma es el tumor maligno abdominal más frecuente en niños y se origina en las células del sistema nervioso simpático. El tumor de Wilms es un tumor renal que ocurre principalmente en niños menores de 5 años. Ambos tumores pueden causar masas abdominales, dolor y metástasis a otros órganos. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante exámenes de imagen y biopsia, y el tratamiento incluye cirugía
This document discusses various research methods and tools used in cognitive neuroscience, including questionnaires, eye trackers, EEG/MEG, PET, MRI/fMRI, NIRS, TMS, and tDCS. It provides examples of how each method is used, such as measuring brain activity with EEG during eye open and closed states, and detecting awareness in vegetative patients using fMRI.
This document discusses the uses of PROC PRINT and PROC MEANS in SAS. PROC PRINT is used to print out and list the data values in a SAS data set. It allows you to specify titles, variable identifiers, and variables. PROC MEANS calculates descriptive statistics like means, standard deviations, minimum and maximum values from the data. You can specify which statistics to compute using options with PROC MEANS and list the variables to analyze. Both procedures end with a run statement and utilize semicolons after each statement.
This document summarizes different methods for inputting data in SAS, including column mode, list mode, and formatted mode. Column mode requires calculating data locations, while list mode is easiest, separating data with blanks and only allowing periods for missing values. Formatted mode requires specifying data lengths and allows blanks or periods for missing values. List mode is generally preferred for inputting data when lengths are unequal, as it easily handles variable data with blanks as separators.
This document discusses using machine learning and data mining techniques to gain knowledge from big data. It defines key terms like data, databases, and big data. It explains that machine learning and data mining can help solve the problem of "data overloading" by discovering patterns and making predictions. The document also introduces social network analysis and crowdsourcing as collective intelligence approaches for learning from data. It provides examples like Amazon Mechanical Turk, which utilizes crowdsourcing for various tasks.
The document provides an introduction to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). It discusses how fMRI works by detecting changes in blood oxygenation, which serves as an indirect measure of neural activity. The basics of MRI are also reviewed, including how MRI uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate images based on magnetic properties of tissue. Example fMRI studies measuring brain activity in response to visual stimuli are presented.
The SAS program creates a data set with the student names and scores, uses PROC MEANS to calculate the mean and sum for each student, and outputs the results in two tables.
Data _null_;
input Names $ Subject Score;
cards;
John Math 90
John English 96
John French 87
John Physics 45
John History 77
Mary Math 80
Mary English 60
Mary French 87
Mary Physics 65
Mary History 66
Dick Math 78
Dick English 78
Dick French 56
Dick Physics 34
Dick History 88
Lucy Math 74
Luc
This document summarizes different methods for inputting data in SAS, including column mode, list mode, and formatted mode. Column mode requires calculating data locations, while list mode is easiest, separating data with blanks and only allowing periods for missing values. Formatted mode requires specifying data lengths and allows blanks or periods for missing values. List mode is generally preferred for inputting data when lengths are unequal, as it easily handles variable data with blanks as separators.
This document discusses using machine learning and data mining techniques to gain knowledge from big data. It defines key terms like data, databases, and big data. It explains that machine learning and data mining can help solve the problem of "data overloading" by discovering patterns and making predictions. The document also introduces social network analysis and crowdsourcing as collective intelligence approaches for learning from data. It provides examples like Amazon Mechanical Turk, which utilizes crowdsourcing for various tasks.
The document provides an introduction to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). It discusses how fMRI works by detecting changes in blood oxygenation, which serves as an indirect measure of neural activity. The basics of MRI are also reviewed, including how MRI uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate images based on magnetic properties of tissue. Example fMRI studies measuring brain activity in response to visual stimuli are presented.
The SAS program creates a data set with the student names and scores, uses PROC MEANS to calculate the mean and sum for each student, and outputs the results in two tables.
Data _null_;
input Names $ Subject Score;
cards;
John Math 90
John English 96
John French 87
John Physics 45
John History 77
Mary Math 80
Mary English 60
Mary French 87
Mary Physics 65
Mary History 66
Dick Math 78
Dick English 78
Dick French 56
Dick Physics 34
Dick History 88
Lucy Math 74
Luc