The Cluetrain Manifesto is a 1999 document written by Rick Levine, Christopher Locke, Doc Searls, and David Weiberger that outlined 95 theses about how the Internet was impacting markets and organizations. Some of the theses called for deep changes in how companies manage people, such as allowing open communication between employees and treating them like customers. The manifesto predicted that networked conversations would enable new forms of social organization and knowledge to emerge. It encouraged companies to come down from their "Ivory Towers" and talk directly with their markets and workers.