3. • In 1756, Ahmad shah Abdali invaded India
once again & captured Delhi & plundered
Mathura.
4. Mughal Alliance with Durrani Emirate
1. In the year 1755, the acclaimed Mughal Viceroy of Punjab,
Muin ul-Mulk died
2. His widow Mughlam Begum desperatey sought the
assistance of Ahmad Shah Durani to halt any succession
struggle & to quell the sikh rebels in Eastern regions.
3. Ahmad Shah & his forces then marched into Lahore in the
year 1756 & appointed his son Timur Shah Durani as the
new viceroy at Lahore, under the protection of the
commander Jahan Khan & also placed Adina Beg as the
Faujdar of Doab.
4. Ahmad Shah Durani then plundered Sikh & Hindu
Inhabitants in the unstable & outlawed eastern region of
Punjab.
5.
6. 5. He then Marched towards Delhi, in October 1757, the
Mughal Emperor Alamgir 2 with courtiers such as Shah
Waliullah, nobles such as Najib-Ud-Daulla, & the imperial
Family went to meet Ahmad Shah Durrani, whose forces
then engaged the Marathas in Combat & threatened to
overthrow & execute the regime of Imad-ul-Mulk.
6. Ahmad Shah Durani’s relations with the Mughal emperor,
strengthened further when his son Timur Shah Durani
was choosen as the suitor of Alamgir 2’s daughter Zuhra
Begum.
7. Ahmad shah durani himself also married Hadrat Begum
the daughther of the former Mughal Emperor
Muhammad Shah. (5 April, 1757)
7. • Maratha became more powerful because of
their collaboration with Imad-ul-Mulk, &
dominated whole of northern India.
8. 1. In July 1757, the Maratha’s led by Raghunathrao rejected the
matrimonial alliance established between the Durrani Empire & the
Mughal Empire, they were assisted by Imad-ul-Mulk & encamped 30
Km opposite to the Red Fort & Occupied all the Villages by the Jamuna.
2. And thus began the Siege of Delhi (1757), against the incumbent
Administration of the Alamgir 2’s, Mir Bakshi (“Paymaster of Mughal
Empire”) Najib-Ud-Daulla along with his lieutenants Qutub Shah &
Aman Khan & a Mughal Army of 2,500 garrisoned inside the Metropolis
of Delhi.
3. The Maratha set Ferries ablaze & stopped food supplies from entering
Delhi, While Najib-ud-Daulla positioned his heavy artillery outside the
vicinity of the Red Fort.
4. Unable to gain any assistance from Ahmad Shah Durani, who was
engaged in quelling various rebellions near Herat.
5. Najib-Ul-Daulla surrendered after resisting the combined brigands of
Maratha Confiderancy for more than 5 Months, he conceded defeat &
withdrew to Najibabad.
9.
10. • The defeat of Alamgir 2’s Son-in-law, Timur Shah Durani by
Marathas
• Provoked the wrath of Ahmad Shah Durani, who launched a
massive campaign gathering more troops than ever before.
• In response to the atrocious crimes committed by by Imad-ul-Mulk
& sadashivrao Bhau; Najib-Ud-Daulla & his firm alliance of
principal Muslim Nobels in the Mughal Empire recaptured Delhi &
placed it under the nominal authority of Shah Alam 2
• Hyder Ali & his Mysore Army ferocioiously attacked the Maratha
• Meanwhile, Sah Alam 2 anticipated the collapse of the Maratha &
declared Shuja-Ud-Daulla his Grand Vizier & Najib-Ud-Daulla as his
honorary Mukhtar Khas (chief representative)
• These developments eventually culminated into rise of religious &
political loyalities that eventually clashed at the “3rd Battle of
Panipath” in the Year 1761.
11.
12. • 1759 : Afghanistan & Hindustan Border
(Danger : Ahmad sah abdali—Afghani[Kabul]
robber ) 5th time
• Ruhilla Sardar : Nazimub-ud-daulla (Nazim
Khan) call him & make alliance with him
Designation : Mir-Bakshi
17. Balaji Baji Rao(Nana Saheb) : 1740-61
1. He succeeded his father at the age of 20
2. After death of Shahu (1749), the management
of all state affairs was left in his hands.
3. In an agreement with the Mughal emperror
Ahmad Shah, the Peshwa was to protect the
Mughal empire from internal & external
enemies (Like Ahmad Shah Abdali) in return for
Chauth (1752) [1748-54: delhi governor Ahmad
sah]
18.
19. 4. 3rd Battle of Panipath (Jan 14,1761) resulted in
the defeat of the Marathas by Ahmad Shah
Abdali & the death of Viswa Rao & Sadashiv
Rao Bhau.
5. This event shocked the Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao &
after 6 month he also died. This battle ended
the Maratha power.
6. Successors of Balaji Baji Rao: Madhav Rao
(1761-72), Narayan Rao 2(1772-73), Sawai
Madhav Rao (1773-95), & Baji Rao 2 (1795-
1818)
26. Alamgir 2[Aziz-ud—din Alamgir 2]
(3 June 1754 –29 Nov 1954)
1. 2nd Son of Jahandar Shah
2. He was raised to the throne by Imad-ul-Mulk
after he deposed Ahmad Shah Bahadur in
1754.
3. On ascending the throne, he took the title of
Alamgir (55 year)
28. Assassination
1. Suddenly in the summer of the year 1759 Prince
Ali Gauhar escaped from Delhi.
2. Agitated by the daring escape Imad-Ul-Mulk &
Sadashivrao Bhau reckoned that Alamgir 2 was
about to advance his son Prince Ali Gauhar, to
dispossess & overthrow their authority.
3. After Detailed Consideration Imad-Ul-Mulk
plotted to murder the Mughal Emperor Alamgir
2 & the assassinations of prominent member of
his family in the winter of 1759.
29. Punjab (lahore) : Nazim Khan help Abdali,
sambha-ji-sindhe lost [PIR : POTLA
FIROZSAH TEHKHANA]
37. Suraj Mal (1756-1765)
1. The adopted son & Successor of Badan Singh
2. Under him the Jat Kingdom reached its zenith
3. Had remarkable talents for War & Diplomacy
4. Remembered as “the Plato of Jat tribe” & as
“Jat Ulysses”
5. Led expeditions in the regions of Agra, Mewar &
Delhi
6. His expansionist activities resulted in a clash
with Nijab Ud Daullah, the vice-regent of Delhi
94. 1. In July 1757, the Maratha’s led by
Raghunathrao rejected the matrimonial
alliance established between the Durrani
Empire & the Mughal Empire, they were
assisted by Imad-ul-Mulk & encamped 30
Km opposite to the Red Fort & Occupied all
the Villages by the Jamuna.
95. Zenith of the Maratha Confideracy
1. In 1758, the Maratha led by RaghunathRao occupied
Lahore after extracted an extortion of imperial wealth
from Imad-Ul-Mulk, together they conspired the
overthrow of young Timur-shah Durrani, the son &
viceroy of Ahmad shah Durani.
2. Timur-shah Durrani & his forces were forced to
retreat from Lahore to Peshawar under the force of
attacks from Sikhs & Marathas.
3. This victory made the belligerent Peshwa, grandiosely
sack Delhi & hype their intentions of placing
Viswasrao on the Mughal Throne.
114. Suraj Mal (1756-1765)
1. The adopted son & Successor of Badan Singh
2. Under him the Jat Kingdom reached its zenith
3. Had remarkable talents for War & Diplomacy
4. Remembered as “the Plato of Jat tribe” & as
“Jat Ulysses”
5. Led expeditions in the regions of Agra, Mewar &
Delhi
6. His expansionist activities resulted in a clash
with Nijab Ud Daullah, the vice-regent of Delhi
