The course aims to familiarize students with quantitative research methods and provide practical skills in conducting social research. Students will learn theoretical knowledge and undertake practical assignments involving developing a research program, designing a questionnaire, sampling, and data analysis. The course uses lectures, seminars, and group work. Students will work in groups to design and present aspects of a research project. Assessment includes participation, assignments, and a final exam. The goal is for students to understand survey research methodology and be able to apply it to their own studies.
This document contains past paper questions from sociological research methods exams between 2009-2010. The questions cover a range of topics, including different research methods, sampling techniques, data collection tools, and factors influencing method choice. The questions include multiple choice, short answer, explanatory, and essay questions assessing understanding of key research methods concepts.
The document discusses implementing a gender perspective in research. It begins by outlining the relevant legal framework in Spain and Europe that requires integrating gender in research. It then discusses common forms of gender bias like overgeneralization and androcentrism. Finally, it proposes integrating gender in all phases of research from developing ideas and questions to collecting, analyzing, and disseminating data in a gender-sensitive way. Researchers should consider how gender norms may be reinforced or transformed and ensure the participation of both men and women.
Applying Photographic Research Methods - A Primer SMA 2015C. Allen Gorman
This document discusses the history and methods of using photographs in social science research. It covers topics such as how photographs have been used in sociology and anthropology since the late 19th century. Key methods discussed include photo-documentation, where researchers, participants, or archives create photographs, and photo-elicitation, where selected photos are used to facilitate interviews. The document provides recommendations on decisions within these methods, such as who should create the photos, which photos to discuss in interviews, and the researcher's role. It also discusses approaches to analyzing photographic data, such as content analysis and thematic analysis of photos and text from interviews.
Hello everyone! Are you looking for social research sample? Don't waste your time and check it out here https://www.writemyessay.biz/essay-writing-samples/
This document outlines Corey Caugherty's proposal for a qualitative phenomenological study examining how individuals emerge from generational poverty without higher education. The study will use interpretative phenomenological analysis to understand participants' lived experiences through open-ended interviews. Caugherty's conceptual framework draws on Rutter's theory of resilience. The proposal addresses the research question, design, data collection and analysis plans, and ensures participant rights and social change potential. It was presented to Caugherty's committee for review and approval.
Diagrammatic elicitation & When to use diagrams, drawings and cartoons?Tünde Varga-Atkins
This presentation was given by Tunde Varga-Atkins at the 2011 International Visual Methods conference at the Open University, UK, Milton Keynes (Sep13-15 2011). It is a collaboration between Muriah Umoquit, Peggy Tso, Tunde and Mark O'Brien and Johannes Wheeldon. It combines two papers into one (one on terminology and diagrammatic elicitation) and another one on the ontological consequences of using diagrams, drawings and cartoons. (This combination was due to an admin error - both papers are available in more detail on request.)
Quantitative and qualitative_methodologiesAyesha Yaqoob
This document discusses the differences between qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. Quantitative research uses empirical, positivist methods from the natural sciences to objectively measure and test relationships. Qualitative research develops theories inductively to understand human behavior and social worlds from the subject's perspective. Both approaches have strengths and weaknesses in terms of sampling, researcher involvement, data collection, reliability, validity, and ethics. Overall, the document argues that neither approach is superior and that combining or triangulating methods can help counteract their individual limitations.
This document discusses Courteny Moore-Gumora's dissertation which explored how students on the autism spectrum were transformed by participating in a public high school transition program. The dissertation examined how constructivist learning practices affected student performance and integration. It utilized a qualitative multiple case study design to understand student and staff perspectives. Key emergent themes were around self-perception, connectedness, and transformative shifts in awareness. Recommendations focused on supporting self-perception through social-emotional learning, fostering connectedness through teacher-student relationships, and ensuring transformational learning environments are sustainable through education reform.
This document contains past paper questions from sociological research methods exams between 2009-2010. The questions cover a range of topics, including different research methods, sampling techniques, data collection tools, and factors influencing method choice. The questions include multiple choice, short answer, explanatory, and essay questions assessing understanding of key research methods concepts.
The document discusses implementing a gender perspective in research. It begins by outlining the relevant legal framework in Spain and Europe that requires integrating gender in research. It then discusses common forms of gender bias like overgeneralization and androcentrism. Finally, it proposes integrating gender in all phases of research from developing ideas and questions to collecting, analyzing, and disseminating data in a gender-sensitive way. Researchers should consider how gender norms may be reinforced or transformed and ensure the participation of both men and women.
Applying Photographic Research Methods - A Primer SMA 2015C. Allen Gorman
This document discusses the history and methods of using photographs in social science research. It covers topics such as how photographs have been used in sociology and anthropology since the late 19th century. Key methods discussed include photo-documentation, where researchers, participants, or archives create photographs, and photo-elicitation, where selected photos are used to facilitate interviews. The document provides recommendations on decisions within these methods, such as who should create the photos, which photos to discuss in interviews, and the researcher's role. It also discusses approaches to analyzing photographic data, such as content analysis and thematic analysis of photos and text from interviews.
Hello everyone! Are you looking for social research sample? Don't waste your time and check it out here https://www.writemyessay.biz/essay-writing-samples/
This document outlines Corey Caugherty's proposal for a qualitative phenomenological study examining how individuals emerge from generational poverty without higher education. The study will use interpretative phenomenological analysis to understand participants' lived experiences through open-ended interviews. Caugherty's conceptual framework draws on Rutter's theory of resilience. The proposal addresses the research question, design, data collection and analysis plans, and ensures participant rights and social change potential. It was presented to Caugherty's committee for review and approval.
Diagrammatic elicitation & When to use diagrams, drawings and cartoons?Tünde Varga-Atkins
This presentation was given by Tunde Varga-Atkins at the 2011 International Visual Methods conference at the Open University, UK, Milton Keynes (Sep13-15 2011). It is a collaboration between Muriah Umoquit, Peggy Tso, Tunde and Mark O'Brien and Johannes Wheeldon. It combines two papers into one (one on terminology and diagrammatic elicitation) and another one on the ontological consequences of using diagrams, drawings and cartoons. (This combination was due to an admin error - both papers are available in more detail on request.)
Quantitative and qualitative_methodologiesAyesha Yaqoob
This document discusses the differences between qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. Quantitative research uses empirical, positivist methods from the natural sciences to objectively measure and test relationships. Qualitative research develops theories inductively to understand human behavior and social worlds from the subject's perspective. Both approaches have strengths and weaknesses in terms of sampling, researcher involvement, data collection, reliability, validity, and ethics. Overall, the document argues that neither approach is superior and that combining or triangulating methods can help counteract their individual limitations.
This document discusses Courteny Moore-Gumora's dissertation which explored how students on the autism spectrum were transformed by participating in a public high school transition program. The dissertation examined how constructivist learning practices affected student performance and integration. It utilized a qualitative multiple case study design to understand student and staff perspectives. Key emergent themes were around self-perception, connectedness, and transformative shifts in awareness. Recommendations focused on supporting self-perception through social-emotional learning, fostering connectedness through teacher-student relationships, and ensuring transformational learning environments are sustainable through education reform.
Ethnography involves observing and documenting a cultural group's behaviors, language, and customs. The goal is to create a cultural portrait of the people. There are several key steps and considerations when conducting ethnography, including collecting data through participant observation, interviews, and artifact analysis. The data is gathered from the target community directly and allows researchers to gain insights that can influence teaching practices. Ethnographic research balances describing a culture while also interpreting the deeper meanings and potential tensions observed.
(1) The document presents a comparative study on the awareness of voting between B.Ed and M.Ed students in India.
(2) A questionnaire was used to collect data from 40 students, with 20 each from B.Ed and M.Ed. The mean, standard deviation, and t-test were used for analysis.
(3) The findings were that B.Ed students had significantly more awareness than M.Ed students. There was no significant gender difference for B.Ed students, but female M.Ed students had significantly more awareness than male M.Ed students.
This document discusses different aspects of data collection methodology for a research project. It describes primary and secondary data sources and different sampling techniques including random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. It also outlines various data collection methods like questionnaires, interviews, observations, and experiments. Questionnaire design considerations and different types of questions are explained. The document provides examples of scale questions, listing questions, and category questions that can be used in a questionnaire. The interview process and how to conduct observations are also summarized.
A powerpoint summarizing a scholarly paper presented at the Association for the Study of Higher Education (ASHE) on nonresponse to online course evaluations. Uploaded 16 Nov 2010. Indianapolis, IN.
This document outlines a course on quantitative research methods. The course will cover quantitative research paradigms, hypothesis testing, populations and sampling, research instruments and their validity and reliability, experimental and non-experimental research designs, quantitative data analysis methods, and reporting quantitative research results. Assessment will be based on assignments, midterm exams, and a final exam. The course aims to provide students with the skills to conduct quantitative research and write a thesis.
This document discusses different types of research methods and their characteristics. It describes analytical research methods like historical research, philosophical research and literature reviews. It also outlines descriptive research methods including questionnaires, interviews, normative studies and case studies. Experimental research aims to manipulate treatments to cause effects. Qualitative research is interpretive rather than simply descriptive. The scientific method involves developing a problem, forming hypotheses, gathering data, analyzing results, and discussing implications.
This document provides an overview of various research methods used in educational research, including correlational research, experimental research, quasi-experimental research, qualitative research, longitudinal and cross-sectional research, design experiments, microgenetic research, single-subject research, and action research. It describes the key aspects of each method and compares their strengths and weaknesses. Choosing an appropriate research method depends on factors like the research question, sample, available resources, intended audience, and whether the method allows researchers to best answer the question.
1. The document discusses correlational and survey research methods. It provides definitions and purposes of correlational research, including describing relationships between variables and using relationships to predict outcomes.
2. The basic steps of correlational research are outlined, including problem selection, sampling, instrumentation, design and procedures, data collection, and data analysis. Threats to internal validity like subject characteristics and mortality are also discussed.
3. Survey research is defined as collecting data using questionnaires to answer questions about populations. Different types of surveys like cross-sectional, longitudinal, trend, cohort and panel studies are explained. The key steps in conducting survey research are identified.
1. The document discusses correlational and survey research methods. It defines correlational research as studying relationships between two or more variables without influencing them.
2. The basic steps in correlational research are outlined as problem selection, sampling, instrumentation, design and procedures, data collection, and data analysis and interpretation.
3. Survey research is defined as collecting data using questionnaires or interviews to answer questions about populations. Cross-sectional and longitudinal survey designs are described.
This document summarizes a thesis that analyzed the differences in cohesive devices used by male and female students in their thesis abstracts from a gender perspective. It collected abstracts from 36 students, 7 of which were male. The thesis used theories on gender perspective and data collection through surveys. It analyzed the abstracts to identify lexical and grammatical cohesive devices and found that female students used more cohesive devices than male students.
The document discusses developing research questions for PhD studies. It provides guidance on forming workable research questions, including ensuring they are answerable, interconnected, and substantively relevant. Several approaches to structuring research questions are presented, from broad research areas to more specific general and subsidiary questions. The importance of relating research questions to theoretical frameworks and concepts that determine the type of data collected is also covered.
The document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses the importance of research and outlines the basic steps in the research process. The objectives are for students to understand key concepts at each step, including formulating research questions. The contents cover the nature of research, basic research steps, and formulating research questions. Sample research questions are analyzed as an example.
Course Objectives Students will develop skills in 1. selecting anco4spmeley
Course Objectives Students will develop skills in: 1. selecting and using appropriate methods for evaluation of interventions and program processes and outcomes; 2. applying knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment, and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks in the evaluation of processes and outcomes; 3. demonstrating how to critically analyze, monitor, and evaluate intervention and program processes and outcomes; 4. applying evaluation findings to improve practice effectiveness at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels. Required Text(s) Grinnell, R. M., Gabor, P. A., & Unrau, Y. A. (2016). Program evaluation for social workers: Foundations of evidence-based programs (7th Ed.). New York: Oxford. Locke, L. F., Silverman, S. J., & Spirduso, W. W. (Eds.). (2010). Reading and understanding research (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Grading ASSIGNMENT PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL GRADE SUBMISSION DATE Common Assignment: Research Proposal* 40% Dec 4th Required Assignment: Oral or written presentation of research findings 40% Dec 4th/11th Other: participation, and other assignments (e.g., discussion board, quizzes, exercises, etc.) 20% *See Appendix A for common assignment and/or grading rubric COURSE OUTLINE Module 1 Overview of the Research Process Module Topics 1. Review of concepts and methods of research 2. Introduction to evaluation and intervention research 3. Importance of evidence-based practice Readings Cheung, M., Ma, A. K., Thyer, B. A., & Webb, A. E. (2015). Research-practice integration in real practice settings: Issues and suggestions. Research on Social Work Practice, 25(4), 523-530. Drisko, J. W., & Grady, M. D. (2015). Evidence-based practice in social work: A contemporary perspective. Clinical Social Work Journal, 43(3), 274-282. doi:10.1007/s10615-015-0548-z Module 2 Overview of Intervention Research Module Topics 1. Definition of intervention research 2. Overview of intervention research 3. Manualized evidence-based practice 4. Common factors Cabassa, L. J. (2016). Implementation science: Why it matters for the future of social work. Journal of Social Work, 52(S1), 538-550. doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2016.1174648 Fraser, M. W., & Galinsky, M. J. (2010). Steps in intervention research: Designing and developing social programs. Research on Social Work Practice, 20(5), 459-466. doi/pdf/10.1177/1049731509358424 Goldstein, N. E. S., Kemp, K. A., Leff, S. S., & Lochman, J. E. (2012). Guidelines for adapting manualized interventions for new target populations: A step-wise approach using anger management as a model. Clinical Psychology, 19(4), 385-401. doi:10.1111/cpsp.12011 Module 3 Designing and Conducting Intervention Research Module Topics 1. Designing and refining an intervention 2. Theory of change 3. Preparing a logic model 4. Conducting an intervention research study 5. Testing efficacy 6. Testing effectiveness in practice settings Fraser, M. W., & Galinsky, M ...
The document outlines the key differences between qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research uses open-ended questions and flexible designs to explore experiences, while quantitative research uses closed-ended questions and rigid designs to confirm hypotheses and describe populations. Examples of
This document discusses feminist methods of research. It begins with providing background on methodology and methods. It explains that methodology determines which methods are most appropriate for discovering or constructing knowledge. The document then discusses feminist critiques of traditional empirical methods, noting they are not truly value-free. It states that feminist methods seek to reveal and overcome androcentric biases, create social change, and represent human diversity by acknowledging the researcher's positionality. Specific feminist methods mentioned include in-depth interviews with women and participatory action research.
This document provides an overview of qualitative research methods. It discusses 12 common qualitative research methods: interviews, focus groups, observation (participant and non-participant), ethnography, grounded theory, phenomenology, narrative, case study, action research, historical research, content analysis, and document/artifact analysis. It also covers collecting and analyzing qualitative data, ensuring quality in qualitative research, and compares qualitative and quantitative methods. The key strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research are outlined.
This document provides an overview of different types of research designs, including quantitative, qualitative, experimental, correlational, and survey designs. For experimental design, it discusses concepts like independent and dependent variables, experimental and control groups, and how random assignment is used. For correlational design, it explains how this design examines relationships between variables without manipulation or group assignment. Survey design is described as collecting data through questionnaires or interviews to describe characteristics of a population.
The document discusses the key differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research aims to understand social interactions through smaller, non-randomly selected groups, using open-ended responses, interviews and observations to collect textual data. Quantitative research seeks to test hypotheses and make predictions by studying larger, randomly selected groups and collecting numerical data through validated instruments to analyze variables and statistical relationships. Common qualitative methods include document analysis, interviews and focus groups, while quantitative methods involve questionnaires, tests and measurements.
This document defines ethnographic research and outlines the key steps in conducting an ethnography. It discusses that ethnography aims to understand a culture-sharing group by closely studying their shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and language over time. There are three main types of ethnographic designs: realist ethnography, case study, and critical ethnography. The document also covers data collection methods, analysis, writing the final report, strengths and weaknesses of ethnographic research, and ethical considerations.
This document outlines the course outline for a Qualitative Research Methods for Public Policy course at the University of Dar Es Salaam. The course is divided into three parts: research design and methodology, foundational qualitative methods like archival research and interviews, and data analysis. Students will learn about qualitative research approaches and gain hands-on experience with methods and data analysis software. Assessment includes participation, group assignments, a research proposal and report, and a final exam. The course aims to provide students with solid training in qualitative methods for application in research and policy contexts.
Ethnography involves observing and documenting a cultural group's behaviors, language, and customs. The goal is to create a cultural portrait of the people. There are several key steps and considerations when conducting ethnography, including collecting data through participant observation, interviews, and artifact analysis. The data is gathered from the target community directly and allows researchers to gain insights that can influence teaching practices. Ethnographic research balances describing a culture while also interpreting the deeper meanings and potential tensions observed.
(1) The document presents a comparative study on the awareness of voting between B.Ed and M.Ed students in India.
(2) A questionnaire was used to collect data from 40 students, with 20 each from B.Ed and M.Ed. The mean, standard deviation, and t-test were used for analysis.
(3) The findings were that B.Ed students had significantly more awareness than M.Ed students. There was no significant gender difference for B.Ed students, but female M.Ed students had significantly more awareness than male M.Ed students.
This document discusses different aspects of data collection methodology for a research project. It describes primary and secondary data sources and different sampling techniques including random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. It also outlines various data collection methods like questionnaires, interviews, observations, and experiments. Questionnaire design considerations and different types of questions are explained. The document provides examples of scale questions, listing questions, and category questions that can be used in a questionnaire. The interview process and how to conduct observations are also summarized.
A powerpoint summarizing a scholarly paper presented at the Association for the Study of Higher Education (ASHE) on nonresponse to online course evaluations. Uploaded 16 Nov 2010. Indianapolis, IN.
This document outlines a course on quantitative research methods. The course will cover quantitative research paradigms, hypothesis testing, populations and sampling, research instruments and their validity and reliability, experimental and non-experimental research designs, quantitative data analysis methods, and reporting quantitative research results. Assessment will be based on assignments, midterm exams, and a final exam. The course aims to provide students with the skills to conduct quantitative research and write a thesis.
This document discusses different types of research methods and their characteristics. It describes analytical research methods like historical research, philosophical research and literature reviews. It also outlines descriptive research methods including questionnaires, interviews, normative studies and case studies. Experimental research aims to manipulate treatments to cause effects. Qualitative research is interpretive rather than simply descriptive. The scientific method involves developing a problem, forming hypotheses, gathering data, analyzing results, and discussing implications.
This document provides an overview of various research methods used in educational research, including correlational research, experimental research, quasi-experimental research, qualitative research, longitudinal and cross-sectional research, design experiments, microgenetic research, single-subject research, and action research. It describes the key aspects of each method and compares their strengths and weaknesses. Choosing an appropriate research method depends on factors like the research question, sample, available resources, intended audience, and whether the method allows researchers to best answer the question.
1. The document discusses correlational and survey research methods. It provides definitions and purposes of correlational research, including describing relationships between variables and using relationships to predict outcomes.
2. The basic steps of correlational research are outlined, including problem selection, sampling, instrumentation, design and procedures, data collection, and data analysis. Threats to internal validity like subject characteristics and mortality are also discussed.
3. Survey research is defined as collecting data using questionnaires to answer questions about populations. Different types of surveys like cross-sectional, longitudinal, trend, cohort and panel studies are explained. The key steps in conducting survey research are identified.
1. The document discusses correlational and survey research methods. It defines correlational research as studying relationships between two or more variables without influencing them.
2. The basic steps in correlational research are outlined as problem selection, sampling, instrumentation, design and procedures, data collection, and data analysis and interpretation.
3. Survey research is defined as collecting data using questionnaires or interviews to answer questions about populations. Cross-sectional and longitudinal survey designs are described.
This document summarizes a thesis that analyzed the differences in cohesive devices used by male and female students in their thesis abstracts from a gender perspective. It collected abstracts from 36 students, 7 of which were male. The thesis used theories on gender perspective and data collection through surveys. It analyzed the abstracts to identify lexical and grammatical cohesive devices and found that female students used more cohesive devices than male students.
The document discusses developing research questions for PhD studies. It provides guidance on forming workable research questions, including ensuring they are answerable, interconnected, and substantively relevant. Several approaches to structuring research questions are presented, from broad research areas to more specific general and subsidiary questions. The importance of relating research questions to theoretical frameworks and concepts that determine the type of data collected is also covered.
The document provides an introduction to research methodology. It discusses the importance of research and outlines the basic steps in the research process. The objectives are for students to understand key concepts at each step, including formulating research questions. The contents cover the nature of research, basic research steps, and formulating research questions. Sample research questions are analyzed as an example.
Course Objectives Students will develop skills in 1. selecting anco4spmeley
Course Objectives Students will develop skills in: 1. selecting and using appropriate methods for evaluation of interventions and program processes and outcomes; 2. applying knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment, and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks in the evaluation of processes and outcomes; 3. demonstrating how to critically analyze, monitor, and evaluate intervention and program processes and outcomes; 4. applying evaluation findings to improve practice effectiveness at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels. Required Text(s) Grinnell, R. M., Gabor, P. A., & Unrau, Y. A. (2016). Program evaluation for social workers: Foundations of evidence-based programs (7th Ed.). New York: Oxford. Locke, L. F., Silverman, S. J., & Spirduso, W. W. (Eds.). (2010). Reading and understanding research (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Grading ASSIGNMENT PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL GRADE SUBMISSION DATE Common Assignment: Research Proposal* 40% Dec 4th Required Assignment: Oral or written presentation of research findings 40% Dec 4th/11th Other: participation, and other assignments (e.g., discussion board, quizzes, exercises, etc.) 20% *See Appendix A for common assignment and/or grading rubric COURSE OUTLINE Module 1 Overview of the Research Process Module Topics 1. Review of concepts and methods of research 2. Introduction to evaluation and intervention research 3. Importance of evidence-based practice Readings Cheung, M., Ma, A. K., Thyer, B. A., & Webb, A. E. (2015). Research-practice integration in real practice settings: Issues and suggestions. Research on Social Work Practice, 25(4), 523-530. Drisko, J. W., & Grady, M. D. (2015). Evidence-based practice in social work: A contemporary perspective. Clinical Social Work Journal, 43(3), 274-282. doi:10.1007/s10615-015-0548-z Module 2 Overview of Intervention Research Module Topics 1. Definition of intervention research 2. Overview of intervention research 3. Manualized evidence-based practice 4. Common factors Cabassa, L. J. (2016). Implementation science: Why it matters for the future of social work. Journal of Social Work, 52(S1), 538-550. doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2016.1174648 Fraser, M. W., & Galinsky, M. J. (2010). Steps in intervention research: Designing and developing social programs. Research on Social Work Practice, 20(5), 459-466. doi/pdf/10.1177/1049731509358424 Goldstein, N. E. S., Kemp, K. A., Leff, S. S., & Lochman, J. E. (2012). Guidelines for adapting manualized interventions for new target populations: A step-wise approach using anger management as a model. Clinical Psychology, 19(4), 385-401. doi:10.1111/cpsp.12011 Module 3 Designing and Conducting Intervention Research Module Topics 1. Designing and refining an intervention 2. Theory of change 3. Preparing a logic model 4. Conducting an intervention research study 5. Testing efficacy 6. Testing effectiveness in practice settings Fraser, M. W., & Galinsky, M ...
The document outlines the key differences between qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research uses open-ended questions and flexible designs to explore experiences, while quantitative research uses closed-ended questions and rigid designs to confirm hypotheses and describe populations. Examples of
This document discusses feminist methods of research. It begins with providing background on methodology and methods. It explains that methodology determines which methods are most appropriate for discovering or constructing knowledge. The document then discusses feminist critiques of traditional empirical methods, noting they are not truly value-free. It states that feminist methods seek to reveal and overcome androcentric biases, create social change, and represent human diversity by acknowledging the researcher's positionality. Specific feminist methods mentioned include in-depth interviews with women and participatory action research.
This document provides an overview of qualitative research methods. It discusses 12 common qualitative research methods: interviews, focus groups, observation (participant and non-participant), ethnography, grounded theory, phenomenology, narrative, case study, action research, historical research, content analysis, and document/artifact analysis. It also covers collecting and analyzing qualitative data, ensuring quality in qualitative research, and compares qualitative and quantitative methods. The key strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research are outlined.
This document provides an overview of different types of research designs, including quantitative, qualitative, experimental, correlational, and survey designs. For experimental design, it discusses concepts like independent and dependent variables, experimental and control groups, and how random assignment is used. For correlational design, it explains how this design examines relationships between variables without manipulation or group assignment. Survey design is described as collecting data through questionnaires or interviews to describe characteristics of a population.
The document discusses the key differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research aims to understand social interactions through smaller, non-randomly selected groups, using open-ended responses, interviews and observations to collect textual data. Quantitative research seeks to test hypotheses and make predictions by studying larger, randomly selected groups and collecting numerical data through validated instruments to analyze variables and statistical relationships. Common qualitative methods include document analysis, interviews and focus groups, while quantitative methods involve questionnaires, tests and measurements.
This document defines ethnographic research and outlines the key steps in conducting an ethnography. It discusses that ethnography aims to understand a culture-sharing group by closely studying their shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and language over time. There are three main types of ethnographic designs: realist ethnography, case study, and critical ethnography. The document also covers data collection methods, analysis, writing the final report, strengths and weaknesses of ethnographic research, and ethical considerations.
This document outlines the course outline for a Qualitative Research Methods for Public Policy course at the University of Dar Es Salaam. The course is divided into three parts: research design and methodology, foundational qualitative methods like archival research and interviews, and data analysis. Students will learn about qualitative research approaches and gain hands-on experience with methods and data analysis software. Assessment includes participation, group assignments, a research proposal and report, and a final exam. The course aims to provide students with solid training in qualitative methods for application in research and policy contexts.
Qualitative research involves in-depth exploration and description to understand individuals' experiences and meanings. It focuses on understanding viewpoints rather than generalization. Key characteristics include naturalistic inquiry, an emphasis on interpretation over causation, and the researcher being embedded in the research. Common qualitative methods include ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, action research, and case studies. Data collection involves interviews, observations, and documents, while analysis identifies patterns and themes through coding and interpreting data. Ensuring quality requires justifying interpretations, verifying findings, spending prolonged time in the field, and reflecting on the researcher's role.
1. The document defines research methods as strategies used to collect and analyze data to better understand a topic or uncover new information.
2. Quantitative research uses numerical data and statistical analysis while qualitative research uses narrative descriptions.
3. The main purposes of research are exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory. Exploratory research explores new areas, descriptive research expands knowledge on current issues, and explanatory research examines the impact of changes.
4. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are discussed, including interviews, surveys, observation, and case studies for qualitative and surveys, descriptive, and correlational research for quantitative.
Week 2 - What is Social Research & Planning a Research Project.pptxNathan Kerrigan
This document provides an overview of key concepts in social research. It discusses what social research is, why it is conducted, and its various elements and processes. Some key points covered include:
- Social research draws on social sciences and allows the study of everyday life from new perspectives.
- The research process involves developing research questions, reviewing literature, selecting methods, collecting and analyzing data, and writing up results.
- Research can take quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods approaches across a range of designs like experiments, surveys, case studies, and comparisons.
- Researchers must consider ontology, epistemology, and theory in designing their approach.
- Developing a clear research question is important for
The document outlines the seven steps of the sociological research process: 1) defining the problem, 2) reviewing previous research, 3) developing hypotheses, 4) determining research design, 5) defining the sample and collecting data, 6) analyzing and interpreting data, and 7) preparing the research report. It discusses key concepts like independent and dependent variables, and the four main research methods: surveys, participant observation, experiments, and secondary analysis. It also covers issues of validity, reliability, research bias, sampling, and ethical concerns in sociological research.
Day 1 - Quisumbing and Davis - Moving Beyond the Qual-Quant DivideAg4HealthNutrition
This document discusses the benefits and challenges of integrating qualitative and quantitative research methods. It argues that keeping qualitative and quantitative research separate unnecessarily limits understanding of the social world. Both methods have strengths, and using them together can overcome their individual weaknesses. The document outlines differences in qualitative and quantitative research and provides an example study that combined the methods sequentially and concurrently to better understand long-term poverty impacts in Bangladesh.
This document discusses different research approaches including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. It provides details on the three components involved in each approach: philosophical worldviews, research designs, and specific research methods. As an example, a quantitative approach may use a post-positivist worldview, experimental design, and pretest/posttest measures. A qualitative approach could use a constructivist worldview, ethnographic design, and observation. A mixed methods approach may use a pragmatic worldview and collect both quantitative and qualitative data sequentially. The document emphasizes that the research problem and questions should determine which approach is best.
Running head COMPARISON MATRIX AND OUTLINE1COMPARISON MATRIX A.docxjoellemurphey
Running head: COMPARISON MATRIX AND OUTLINE 1
COMPARISON MATRIX AND OUTLINE 5
Comparison Matrix
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Title/Author(s)
“Socialization of doctoral students to academic norms”
Weidman and Stein (2003)
“Developmental networks and learning: toward an interdisciplinary perspective on identity development during doctoral study”
Baker and Lattuca (2010)
“Critical thinking distance education and traditional education”
Visser, Visser, and Schlosser (2003)
Purpose of the study
What is the author’s rationale for selecting this topic? Does he build a strong case?
What is it the researchers are trying to understand? What is the larger conversation that has led the researchers to try and understand a given phenomenon or question?
Research Question(s)
What question(s) does the author present?
Research questions reflect the intentions and assumptions of the researcher. If you want to understand effects of violent TV on children, then you will ask questions and form hypotheses regarding the effects of violent TV on children.
All studies have research questions! You may have to dig deep and look for what the authors were seeking to examine within their research.
Literature Review
How is this organized? What are the main themes found in the review? Who are the main authors used?
How did the authors of the article use others’ research to support their study? What are the main themes of the literature review? Who are the major authors cited? Please note that the Literature Review may not have a clearly identified heading. Frequently, lit reviews will be found in the introduction of an article.
The literature review is the theoretical foundation on which the authors built their research. This is not simply a list of authors in the reference list. Examine the articles and dig deep.
Sample Population(s)
What group(s) is/are being studied?
Who are the participants in the study? What demographic information is provided? Is the population heterogeneous or homogenous? Why are they important? Sometimes you will have to perform math to come up with the correct number or look at the charts to get an accurate count.
Include any available demographics. Remember, not all research has a traditional sample population.
Limitations
What are the limitations of the study? Why can it only encompass so much?
All studies have limitations! Consider the limitations of each study: issues with the sample, generalizability of results, biases of the researchers, etc. If I’m studying violent TV and kids, and I don’t account for confounding variables, that would be a serious limitation.
Results/ Conclusions
What did the author find through the study? Was the original question answered?
What did the authors find in their study? What conclusions did they reach? Were their results valid and/or significant? Did the results support the hypotheses? Do their conclusions address the research questions?
...
This document discusses approaches to qualitative research. It begins by contrasting qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research focuses on exploring social phenomena in their natural settings and interpreting meanings, while quantitative research tests hypotheses and looks for statistical relationships.
The document then examines key differences in the steps, beliefs, and activities of qualitative versus quantitative research. Qualitative research involves deciding on an interesting subject, exploring themes as they emerge, and developing research instruments during the process. Researchers must manage their own subjectivity and develop rigor through careful writing and justification of their methods. Overall, qualitative research requires a balance between opportunism and principle as the social situation is studied.
The document discusses qualitative research methods. It begins by defining qualitative research as a method that focuses on gathering in-depth insights through interviews, observations, and stories rather than quantitative data. It then outlines several key themes in qualitative research, including phenomenology, ethnography, case studies, narrative analysis, participatory action research, and feminist research. The document also discusses what constitutes a good research question, including that it should be relevant, specific, and meaningful. It provides steps for developing a research question and examples of good and bad research questions.
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Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
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Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
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Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.
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1. Quantitative Research Methods in Social Sciences
Lecturer: Lia Tsuladze, PhD, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Social and Political
Studies, Tbilisi State University, Georgia.
Course Aims. The aim of the course is to familiarize students with quantitative research
methods in social sciences, as well as to facilitate them to gain practical skills of
conducting quantitative researches. Therefore, students will not only receive theoretical
knowledge on the related topics but also, based on it, undertake practical work such as
developing a social research program, designing a sample, constructing a questionnaire,
and conducting a standardized/structured interview. As survey research is considered to
be the main method of quantitative research, students will sequentially cover all its stages
from developing a research question to the data analysis and reporting.
Course Format. Lectures that provide students with necessary theoretical background,
and seminars and discussions, where students present their practical assignments and give
feedback to one another. Students will work in the groups of 3-4 on the practical
assignments and present them to the whole group at each seminar.
Course Contents.
1. Introduction to quantitative research methods. Survey research as the main
method of quantitative research
Introduction: Two methods of social research - quantitative and qualitative, basic
differences between them. Social research and theory: The interaction of theory and
research. The process of theory construction and the process of theory testing.
Survey research as the main method of quantitative research. A brief history of
survey research. The scientific characteristics of survey research.
References:
De Vaus, D. A. (1990). Survey in Social Research (2nd
ed.). London: Unwin Hyman. Ch.
2.
Babbie, E. (1998). Survey Research Methods (2nd
ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth. Ch. 3.
1
2. Neill, J. (2007). Qualitative versus Quantitative Research: Key Points in the Classic
Debate. Retrieved
http://wilderdom.com/research/QualitativeVersusQuantitativeResearch.html#Features
2. Social Research Program
What is a social research program and why is it necessary to start a research with
developing a proper research program? The structure of a social research program, its
theoretical and procedural parts. The structure of a theoretical part: 1. Formulating a
research question and stating its importance; 2. Identifying a topic and an object of the
research; 3. Clarifying the research aim and objectives; and 4. Developing the research
hypotheses. The structure of a procedural part: 1. Designing a sample; and 2. Identifying
appropriate research methods.
An example of a research program: Lika’s PhD research: “Autonomy and
Sanctions in Socialization in the Context of Georgian Culture.”
Assignment: Students choose a particular topic of their interest and develop a
theoretical part of the research program in the groups of 3-4. A common topic is chosen
by the whole group; however, each subgroup works on a particular aspect of this topic.
References:
De Vaus, D. A. (1990). Survey in Social Research (2nd
ed.). London: Unwin Hyman. Ch.
3, 4.
Oppenheim, A. N. (1992). Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude
Measurement. London & NY: Continuum. Ch. 1.
Harper R., Kelly M. (2003). Measuring Social Capital in the UK. National Statistics.
retrieved www.statistics.gov.uk/socialcapital
3. Seminar
Presentation and discussion of the social research programs by the groups of students.
Feedback from the whole group: Identifying strengths and weaknesses of each research
program and improving them.
4. Types of Survey Research. Basic Survey Designs
2
3. What is survey? Purposes of survey research: Description, explanation, and
exploration. Steps in Conducting a survey. Main types of survey research: Self-
administered questionnaires, mail surveys, internet surveys, personal interviews, and
telephone interviews. Interviews versus questionnaires: advantages and disadvantages of
each. Ethical considerations, an interviewer’s central task and the principles of
performance.
The issues related to selecting a survey method: Population issues, sampling
issues, question issues, content issues, bias issues, and administrative issues.
Basic survey designs. Cross-sectional surveys and longitudinal surveys: trend
studies, cohort studies, and panel studies. Variations on basic designs: parallel samples,
contextual studies, and sociometric studies. The ways of choosing an appropriate design.
References:
Babbie, E. (1998). Survey Research Methods (2nd
ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth. Ch. 4.
De Vaus, D. (2002). Surveys in Social Research (5th
ed.). London: Routledge. Ch. 8.
Oppenheim, A. N. (1992). Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude
Measurement. London & NY: Continuum. Ch. 2, 6.
Newman, W. L. (2003). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative
Approaches (5th
ed.). Boston: A&B. Ch. 10, pp. 263-268, 289-304.
Trochim, W. (2006). Survey Research. Retrieved
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/survey.php
5. Questionnaire Design
Question content and principles of question design. Types of questions and
response categories. Developing question responses. Guides to question construction and
wording issues. Questionnaire design issues: Length of questionnaire; questionnaire
layout; question order and format; non-response. Pilot testing: Evaluating questions and
questionnaires. Measurement quality: reliability and validity.
An example of a questionnaire: CRRC Data Initiative 2007 - Individual
Questionnaire.
Assignment: Students develop thematic sections for questionnaires (in the groups
of 3-4) for the research topic they have developed a research program on.
3
4. References:
Babbie, E. (1998). Survey Research Methods (2nd
ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth. Ch. 7.
De Vaus, D. (2002). Surveys in Social Research (5th
ed.). London: Routledge. Ch. 7.
Oppenheim, A. N. (1992). Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude
Measurement. London & NY: Continuum. Ch. 7, 8.
Newman, W. L. (2003). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative
Approaches (5th
ed.). Boston: A&B. Ch. 10, pp. 268-288.
6. Seminar
Presentation and discussion of the questionnaire sections by the groups of students.
Feedback from the whole group: Identifying strengths and weaknesses of each
questionnaire and improving them.
7. Indexes and Scales
Indexes versus scales. Index construction: item selection; bivariate relationships
among items; multivariate relationships among items; index scoring; handling missing
data. Index validation: internal versus external validation.
Scale construction and principles of measurement: unidimensionality, reliability,
validity, linearity, and reproducibility. Types of scales: Thurstone scale; Bogardus scale;
Likert scale; and Guttman scale. Issues that complicate scaling and some solutions to
these problems.
An example of scales: CRRC Data Initiative 2007 - Individual Questionnaire.
Assignment: Students develop scales for their questionnaires (in the groups of 3-
4).
References:
Babbie, E. (1998). Survey Research Methods (2nd
ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth. Ch. 8.
De Vaus, D. (2002). Surveys in Social Research (5th
ed.). London: Routledge. Ch. 11.
Oppenheim, A. N. (1992). Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude
Measurement. London & NY: Continuum. Ch. 11.
Trochim, W. (2006). Scaling. Retrieved
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/scaling.php
4
5. 8. Seminar
Presentation and discussion of the scales by the groups of students. Feedback from the
whole group: Identifying strengths and weaknesses of each questionnaire and improving
them.
9. Survey Sampling
The logic of survey sampling. Types of sampling methods: probability and
nonprobability sampling.
Probability sampling: the implications of homogeneity and heterogeneity;
conscious and unconscious sampling bias; representativeness and probability of selection.
Populations and sampling frames. Size of a sample and sampling error.
Types of probability sampling designs: simple random sampling; systematic
sampling; stratified sampling; multistage cluster sampling. Proportionate and
disproportionate sampling and weighting.
Types of nonprobability sampling designs: Accidental or convenience sampling;
purposive or judgemental sampling; quota sampling.
Examples of sample designs: Sampling university students; sampling medical
school faculty; sampling Episcopal churchwomen; sampling Oakland households.
Assignment: Students develop a complete research program including both
theoretical and procedural parts.
References:
De Vaus, D. A. (1990). Survey in Social Research (2nd
ed.). London: Unwin Hyman. Ch.
5.
Babbie, E. (1998). Survey Research Methods (2nd
ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth. Ch. 5, 6.
Newman, W. L. (2003). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative
Approaches (5th
ed.). Boston: A&B. Ch. 8.
Trochim, W. (2006). Sampling. Retrieved
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/sampling.php
5
6. 10. Seminar
Discussion and analysis of different sample designs. Presentation of complete research
programs.
11. Survey Research Ethics. Pretests and Pilot Studies
The ethics of survey research: voluntary participation; no harm to respondents;
anonymity and confidentiality; identifying purpose and sponsor; analysis and reporting.
Professional code of ethics.
Conducting pretests: Pretesting the sample design; the research instrument; the
data collection; the data processing; and the analysis.
Conducting pilot studies: Pilot-study sampling; research instrument; data
collection and data processing; and finally, analysis.
Evaluating pretests and pilot studies: question clarity; questionnaire format;
variance in responses; internal validation of items; and finally, analysis and reporting.
Practice: Students pretest in class several questionnaires developed by them
(assignments 5 & 7) through performing in the roles of interviewers and interviewees.
References:
Babbie, E. (1998). Survey Research Methods (2nd
ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth. Ch. 12, 19.
Oppenheim, A. N. (1992). Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude
Measurement. London & NY: Continuum. Ch. 4.
12. Data Processing - Coding
Coding: Classifying responses- precoding and postcoding. Allocating codes to
variables. Allocating column numbers to variables. Producing a codebook. Checking for
coding errors.
Preparing variables for analysis: Changing, collapsing, and reordering the
categories of variables. Creating new variables from existing ones. Standardizing
variables to enable better comparisons. Dealing with missing data.
Example of coding: CRRC Data Initiative 2007 - Individual Questionnaire.
Assignment: Students use the abovementioned questionnaire to create new
variables from the existing ones (in the groups of 3-4).
6
7. References:
De Vaus, D. (2002). Surveys in Social Research (5th
ed.). London: Routledge. Ch. 9, 10.
Babbie, E. (1998). Survey Research Methods (2nd
ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth. Ch. 11.
Oppenheim, A. N. (1992). Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude
Measurement. London & NY: Continuum. Ch. 14.
13. Seminar
Presentation and discussion of the assignments by the groups of students. Feedback from
the whole group.
14. Data Analysis
Analyzing data: the logic of univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses.
Univariate analysis: frequency distributions; measures of central tendency; measures of
variation. Bivariate analysis: crosstabulations and scattergrams; measures of association.
Multivariate analysis: statistical control and trivariate tables.
References:
De Vaus, D. (2002). Surveys in Social Research (5th
ed.). London: Routledge. Ch.
Babbie, E. (1998). Survey Research Methods (2nd
ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth. Ch. 14.
Newman, W. L. (2003). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative
Approaches (5th
ed.). Boston: A&B. Ch. 12.
Alreck, P. L. & Settle, R. B. (1990). The Survey Research Handbook. Homewood,
Illinois: Irwin. Ch. 10, 11.
15. Research Report
The structure of a research report, its 4 main parts: 1. Introduction - creating a
research space and “hooking” the readers; 2. Methods - process descriptions; 3. Results -
commenting on the data, admitting difficulties in interpretation, and citing agreement
with previous studies; and 4. Discussion/Conclusion - consolidating a research space and
identifying useful areas for further research.
Formats for reference lists using ASA/APA (American Sociological
Association/American Psychological Association) style of references.
7
8. Exercise: Matching the elements of a research report with their descriptions
producing a basic framework for a research report. Creating a reference list using
ASA/APA style.
References:
Babbie, E. (1998). Survey Research Methods (2nd
ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth. Ch. 18.
Newman, W. L. (2003). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative
Approaches (5th
ed.). Boston: A&B. Ch. 16.
Swales, J. M. and Feak, C.B. (1994). Academic Writing for Graduate Students. Michigan:
The Univesity of Michigan Press.
On APA style of documenting sources:
http://webster.commnet.edu/apa/index.htm
http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html
On ASA Style of documenting sources:
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/583/01/
http://www.calstatela.edu/library/bi/rsalina/asa.styleguide.html
Assessment:
Attendance - 10%
Participation in discussions - 20%
Assignments - 40%
Final exam - 30%
Learning Outcomes:
Students are familiar with survey research as the main method of quantitative research.
They have acquired not only theoretical knowledge about each stage of survey research,
but also practical experience of undertaking its particular stages, namely, developing a
research program, constructing a questionnaire, designing a sample, and conducting a
standardized/structured interview. They are also familiar with the basic structure of a
research report and know how to document sources using ASA/APA style of references.
8