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- 1. Year 2011 -page 1 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. CBI System Signalling Overview AN INTRODUCTION TO CBI SYSTEMS C B Yadav CBI - TRAINING
- 2. Year 2011 -page 2 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Introduction: CBI systems Basic functionality of Interlocking Systems Interlocking Yard
- 3. Year 2011 -page 3 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Introduction: Interlocking elements Basic functional elements of Interlocking systems: – Point Machines – Signals – Track Circuits
- 4. Year 2011 -page 4 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Introduction: Interlocking operations Route setting and locking – Field element Actuation
- 5. Year 2011 -page 5 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Introduction: Interlocking operations (2) Route setting and locking – Route Checking
- 6. Year 2011 -page 6 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Introduction: Interlocking behavioural model Interlocking as a sequential system – yt=f(xt,ut) – xt’=g(xt,ut) Inputs u Outputs y Status x F G
- 7. Year 2011 -page 7 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Boolean Equations A A B C D D = A(and)B +A(and)C Each signalling element and internal IXL status can be coded with a Boolean value: “True” or “False”. The IXL output and status functions can be expressed by Boolean equations in the form of sums (OR) of products (AND). A straightforward implementation of Boolean Equation is achieved using relays
- 8. Year 2011 -page 8 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Why CBI System Dimensions Overall System Cost System Configurability Additional Services Relay Based IXL CBI Relay Based IXL CBI CBI Relay Based IXL CBI Relay Based IXL
- 9. Year 2011 -page 9 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. CBI systems safety issues
- 10. Year 2011 -page 10 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. CBI safety issues No system operation (in normal or faulty condition) shall lead to potentially harmful condition Normal Condition Primary Safety Faulty Condition Fail Safe Design
- 11. Year 2011 -page 11 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Primary Safety Safe behaviour of Interlocking systems in normal conditions depends upon a correct definition of IXL Boolean equation
- 12. Year 2011 -page 12 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Safety Assurance: risk analysis Risk Analysis: Severity and Frequency of Hazards – CENELEC-ENV-50126 Category Description Frequent Likely to occur frequently. The hazard will be continually experienced Probable Will occur several times. The hazard can be expected to occur often Occasional Likely to occur several times. The hazard can be expected to occur several times Remote Likely to occur sometime in the system life cycle. The hazard can reasonably expected to occur Improbable Unlikely to occur but possible. It can be assumed that the hazard may exceptionally occur. Incredible Extremely unlikely to occur. It can be assumed that the hazard may not occur. Severity Level Consequence to Persons or Environment Consequence to Service Catastrophic Fatalities and/or multiple severe injuries and/or major damage to the environment. Critical Single fatality and/or severe injury and/or significant damage to the environment. Loss of a major system Marginal Minor injury and/or significant threat to the environment Severe system(s) damage Insignificant Possible minor injury Minor system damage
- 13. Year 2011 -page 13 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Safety Assurance: risk evaluation and acceptance Risk Evaluation and acceptance – CENELEC-ENV-50126 * Frequency of occurrence of a hazardous event Frequent Undesirable Intolerable Intolerable Intolerable Probable Tolerable Undesirable Intolerable Intolerable Occasional Tolerable Undesirable Undesirable Intolerable Remote Negligible Tolerable Undesirable Undesirable Improbable Negligible Negligible Tolerable Tolerable Incredible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Insignificant Marginal Critical Catastrophic Risk Levels Severity Levels of Hazard Consequence
- 14. Year 2011 -page 14 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Safety Assurance: Safety Integrity Level Probability of not being able to perform the required safety function and definition of a Safety Integrity Level. Dependant on design practice and safety related techniques – CENELEC-ENV-50129 4 Very high Vital Critical Safety-critical Fail-safe 3 High Vital Critical Safety-critical High integrity 2 Medium Semi-vital Essential Safety-involved Medium integrity 1 Low Semi-vital Essential Safety-involved Low integrity 0 not specified Non-vital Non-essential Non-safety-related non-safety Alternative descriptive words (informative) Safety Integrity Level
- 15. Year 2011 -page 15 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Permissive and Restrictive Conditions Field elements may assume two different conditions : – Restrictive Condition does not allow trains movement • In case of malfunctioning restrictive condition may be assumed as a safe condition or the closest to a safe condition. – Permissive Condition allows trains movement • In the case of malfunctioning, the system restores to restrictive status.
- 16. Year 2011 -page 16 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Assumption: – Non permissive actions leads to safe condition Output value actuated Output Control . Non Permissive Permissive Non Permissive Correct Unsafe Failure Mode Permissive Safe Failure mode Correct Definition of Safe and Unsafe Failure modes
- 17. Year 2011 -page 17 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Control OUT off No power for moving Point machine Light switched off Signal’s light Output off To Equipment Control
- 18. Year 2011 -page 18 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Indication IN off No indication Panel pushbutton No indication for point position Point machine No indication, Light off Signal’s light Input off From Equipment Indication
- 19. Year 2011 -page 19 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. CBI safety architectures Composite Fail-Safety Reactive Fail-Safety Inherent Fail-Safety & Elaboration Elaboration > Elaboration Elaboration Elaboration Elaboration Checker + Elaboration
- 20. Year 2011 -page 20 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Composite Safety Simple development Critical element: voter Beware Common mode faults Elabor ation Elabor ation Elabor ation Elabor ation Elabor ation
- 21. Year 2011 -page 21 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Reactive Safety Several techniques available – Data coding on a single processor – Software Diversity on a single processor Redundancy can be added for availability purpose Alignment Elaboration Checker Elaboration Checker + +
- 22. Year 2011 -page 22 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Inherent Safety Inherent fail-safe Fault free Inherent fail-safe Non hazardous fault Analysis has to be performed on the physical elements – Fault tree analysis, Failure modes effect analysis, ... Complex devices are not suitable for inherent fail-safety – Few inherent fail-safe physical phenomena (gravity)
- 23. Year 2011 -page 23 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. CBI systems Interfaces
- 24. Year 2011 -page 24 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. CBI Interfaces Safety allocation over CBI Interfaces Interlocking Automatic Train Control Data Management Diagnostic and Maintenance Operator Interlocking Safety related link Non Safety related link Yard Vital Subsystems
- 25. Year 2011 -page 25 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. CBI Interface to Yard Devices Yard Element Actuation – Control – Indication Interlocking Yard
- 26. Year 2011 -page 26 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. CBI Interface to ATC Subsystem Movement Authority – Control – Indication Interlocking Automatic Train Control
- 27. Year 2011 -page 27 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. CBI Interface to Other IXL Cross-related information (border) – Control – Indication Interlocking Interlocking
- 28. Year 2011 -page 28 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. IXL Interface to Diagnostic Subsystem Diagnostic information – maintenance requests – system malfunctioning indication – device ageing Interlocking Diagnostic and Maintenance
- 29. Year 2011 -page 29 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. IXL Interface to Data Mgmt. Subsystem Remote control – Routing Information – Route selection – Train info Interlocking Data Management
- 30. Year 2011 -page 30 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. IXL Operator Interface Manual or emergency operations – Control – Indication Interlocking Operator
- 31. Year 2011 -page 31 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. IXL Interface to Other Vital subsystems Yard element related subsystems – Control – Indication Interlocking Vital Subsystems
- 32. Year 2011 -page 32 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. CBI systems Communication interfaces
- 33. Year 2011 -page 33 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. CBI Safety related communication Closed Transmission Systems – CENELEC 50159-1 Open Transmission Systems – CENELEC 50159-2 Interlocking Other Subsystem Transmission System
- 34. Year 2011 -page 34 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Transmission systems No specific assumption is made on transmission systems Both safety related and non safety related equipment can be connected to the same transmission system
- 35. Year 2011 -page 35 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Transmission systems Architectures Copper Wire link Optic Fibre link Radio link 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101 1 12 A B 1 2x 6x 8x 2x 9x 3x 1 0x 4x 11x 5x 7x 1x Et h e r net A 12 x 6x 8x 2x 9x 3x 1 0x 4x 1 1x 5x 7 x 1 x C R S C S T R R D TD C D T AL K / D A T A TA L K R S C S T R R D TD C D T AL K / D A T A T A L K
- 36. Year 2011 -page 36 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Copper wire transmission systems Local or Geographical connection schemes Various speed (slower in Geographical) Large equipment availability 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101 1 12 A B 1 2x 6x 8x 2x 9x 3x 1 0x 4x 11x 5x 7x 1x Et h e rn et A 12 x 6x 8x 2x 9x 3x 1 0x 4x 1 1x 5x 7 x 1 x C R S C S T R R D TD C D T AL K / D A T A TA L K R S C S T R R D TD C D T AL K / D A T A T A L K
- 37. Year 2011 -page 37 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Optic Fibre Transmission systems Local or Geographical connection schemes Unidirectional medium Highest speed
- 38. Year 2011 -page 38 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Radio Transmission systems Local or Geographical connection schemes Various speed – Slow (GSM/R) – Fast (Spread Spectrum) Great flexibility Coverage
- 39. Year 2011 -page 39 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Transmission Systems: Safety Considerations Transmission system shall be considered as non trusted Safe communication has to be guaranteed by safety protocol – Detect Errors – Initiate a safety reaction
- 40. Year 2011 -page 40 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Transmission Systems: types of Error Errors on message – Transmitter identity error (Masquerade) – Message type error (Insertion) – Message data error (Corruption) Time errors – Delay Error (Delay, Deletion) – Sequencing Error (Repetition, Re-sequencing)
- 41. Year 2011 -page 41 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Transmission Systems: Error Countermeasures Message sequencing Time Stamp Timeout Feedback information Source and destination Identification Message Identification (Open Transmission Systems) Safety code Cryptography (Open Transmission Systems)
- 42. Year 2011 -page 42 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. CBI systems Environment
- 43. Year 2011 -page 43 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. CBI Systems: Environmental Considerations CBI operation has to be considered in the appropriate environment – Electromagnetic Environment (CENELEC EN50121) – Electrical Environment (CENELEC EN50122 - EN50124) – Climatic and geographic Environment (CENELEC EN50125)
- 44. Year 2011 -page 44 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Electro Magnetic Compatibility Susceptibility / Emission Shielding CBI Systems: Electromagnetic Environment S D S D
- 45. Year 2011 -page 45 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. CBI Systems: Electrical Environment Separation between CBI and yard potentials Operator protection against dangerous voltages CBI-Yard Galvanic Isolation, Over-voltage protection, Earthing, Conductors isolation CBI Yard device
- 46. Year 2011 -page 46 02 System Signalling Overview Contract BS01 ASCV TRAINING ALSTOM © 2011. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. CBI Systems: Climatic and geographic Environment Environmental conditions – Temperature, Humidity, Pollution, Vibration Different requirements based upon system location – Building (with or w/o air conditioning) – Shelter (with or w/o air conditioning) – Cubicle Device selection, Conformal Coating, Mechanical improvements
- 47.