This document discusses different types of fluid flow. It defines a fluid as any material that can flow or move on its own, including gases, liquids, and some solids. The key factors that affect fluid flow are the diameter of the pipe, velocity and viscosity of the liquid, and density of the liquid. Viscosity measures the resistance of a fluid to flow, with highly viscous fluids flowing slowly. Fluid flow can be steady or unsteady, laminar or turbulent, compressible or incompressible, and viscous or nonviscous. Turbulent flow occurs in fast-moving fluids with obstacles and is erratic, while laminar flow occurs in layers without mixing. Most liquids are nearly incompressible

1. C.LALMUANPUIA
13MSFT017
TOPIC: BEHAVIOR OF
FLUID FLOW

2. FLUIDS
The term fluid applies to any
material that has the ability to
move of its own.
Therefore, gases, liquids, slurries
and even some materials that you
would probably classify as solids
– eg glass – are fluids.

3. Factors affecting fluid flow
• diameter of the pipe
• velocity of the liquid
• viscosity of the liquid
• density of the liquid

4. Viscosity
A measure of the frictional forces between the layers of a fluid
producing resistance to flow. Highly viscous fluids flow slowly.

5. The velocity increases rapidly from the wall inward for a
low-viscosity fluid but more gradually for a high-viscosity
fluid

6. Fluids in Motion
Fluids can move or flow in many ways.
Water may flow smoothly and slowly in a quiet stream
or violently over a waterfall.
The air may form a gentle breeze or a raging tornado.
To deal with such diversity, it helps to identify some of
the basic types of fluid flow.

7. Steady or Unsteady Fluid Flow
In steady flow the velocity of the fluid particles at
any point is constant as time passes.
Unsteady flow exists whenever the velocity at a
point in the fluid changes as time passes.

8. Laminar and Turbulent flow

9. Laminar and Turbulent flow
• Laminar flow is characterised by layering of
liquids which flow almost independently of
each other without mixing.
• while turbulent flow has eddies and
currents, resulting in more random
movement

10. Turbulent Flow
Turbulent flow is an extreme kind of
unsteady flow and occurs when there
are sharp obstacles or bends in the path
of a fast-moving fluid.
In turbulent flow, the velocity at a
point changes erratically from moment
to moment, both in magnitude and
direction.

11. Compressible or
Incompressible Fluid Flow
Most liquids are nearly incompressible; that is, the density of a
liquid remains almost constant as the pressure changes.
To a good approximation, then, liquids flow in an
incompressible manner.
In contrast, gases are highly compressible. However, there are
situations in which the density of a flowing gas remains
constant enough that the flow can be considered
incompressible.

12. Viscous or Nonviscous Fluid Flow
A viscous fluid, such as honey, does not flow readily and is
said to have a large viscosity.
Water is less viscous and flows more readily; water has a
smaller viscosity than honey.
A fluid with zero viscosity flows in an unhindered manner
with no dissipation of energy.
Although no real fluid has zero viscosity at normal
temperatures, some fluids have negligibly small viscosities.
An incompressible, nonviscous fluid is called an ideal fluid.

13. The End.