Nervous system diseases
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Nervous System Diseases
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Nervous system diseases
- 1. Reporters: Genevieve C. Serilo and Kimberly Gellangarin BSED 1 – D (NSC 101)
- 2. ALZHEIMER DISEASE Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in western civilization. Which part of the brain is affected?
- 4. Broca Aphasia Aphasia is defined by Webster's Dictionary as a "loss or impairment of the power to use or comprehend words usually resulting from brain damage."
- 6. Cerebello-Olivary Degeneration of Holmes This is a rare, autosomally-inherited disease that leads to the progressive degeneration of the cerebellar cortex and the inferior olivary nucleus within the medulla. Onset is generally in the fourth decade. The disease results in ataxic gait, dysarthria, and tremor of the limbs.
- 8. Choroid Plexus Papilloma These tumors form most commonly in the fourth ventricle and mainly affect children during the first year of life. Another problem that can occur with the choroid plexus is that a cyst(s) can form within it.
- 9. Huntington Disease This is an autosomally- inherited, dominant disorder in which the patient begins to exhibit symptoms in the third to fourth decades.
- 11. Klüver-Bucy Syndrome This syndrome has only really been seen in experimental monkeys. If part of the temporal lobes are removed the monkey cannot recognize objects (visual agnosia). These monkeys exhibit bizarre oral behaviors such as sticking things in their mouths that normal monkeys would have nothing to do with. They also become hyperactive and hypersexual making physical contact with almost anything in their environment. Wild, fearful and aggressive monkeys become tame and showed no fear when handled by humans or
- 12. Locked-In Syndrome This syndrome is due to stroke, tumor or trauma to the ventral part of the rostral pons. Lesions there render the individual quadriplegic, unable to speak and incapable of facial movement. One would think these individuals were in a coma except that they are able to move their eyes and if given an eye communicating device they can communicate.
- 13. Multiple Sclerosis Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease afflicting humans.
- 14. Parkinson Disease Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by a slowing of voluntary movements, bradykinesia, muscular rigidity and tremor at rest.
- 16. Parinaud Syndrome Also called dorsal midbrain or collicular syndrome, this disorder is characterized by an upward fixed gaze and pupils.
- 17. Pituitary Adenoma These tumors are benign and are usually composed of secretory cells from the anterior lobe of the pituitary. Secondary effects of tumor growth can lead to compression of the optic chiasm which has a position slightly above and in front of the pituitary gland. Such damage leads to visual difficulties.
- 18. Tourette Syndrome This syndrome begins in childhood and manifests itself through various forms of tics. . The cause of Tourette syndrome is not known, but it is believed to have a genetic component. A total absence of the protein dynorphin in the striatal fibers of the globus pallidus is found in some patients. Other studies have shown a deficit in the uptake or release of dopamine and serotonin at synapses.
- 19. Wallenberg Syndrome This syndrome is characterized by difficulty in swallowing and hoarseness due to paralysis of the ipsilateral vocal cord. In some cases taste may also be affected in the ipsilateral half of the tongue. The glossopharyngeal (IX) & vagus (X) are the primary cranial nerves involved in this syndrome.
- 21. Weber Syndrome This syndrome is due to damage to the structures at the base of the midbrain including the third cranial nerve and the corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers in the cerebral peduncle. It is characterized by complete 3rd nerve palsy and associated with contralateral hemipelagia.
- 22. Wernicke Aphasia There are two main components to this type of aphasia. The first is impairment in the comprehension of written and spoken language. The second is an inability to speak substantive language; often times these patients are unable to form some words correctly and seem to inject words in their sentences that do not fit (paraphasia).
- 24. Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome This disease, notably frequent among chronic alcoholics, is due to a deficiency of vitamin B1 or thiamine.
- 26. Wilson Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration) This disease is caused by the inheritance of a mutation on chromosome 13.
- 28. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING! “ AN EXCELLENT TEACHER IS AN EXCELLENT LISTENER”