This document defines key concepts in geometry including 2D and 3D shapes. It discusses circles, triangles, quadrilaterals and their properties. It also covers calculating the area and perimeter of squares, rectangles, triangles and circles. Finally, it defines 3D shapes such as prisms and pyramids and how to calculate their volumes.

1. School: J.W. Fletcher Catholic Secondary
School
Teacher : Mr. Alexander Sr.
Name: Kiana Coppin & Malachi Paul
Form: One J
Subject: Mathematics
Strand: Geometry
Topic: 2D Shapes, 3D Shapes, Their Areas,
Perimeters and Volume

2. What is Geometry
Twinkle.com defines geometry as is the study of shape,
position and movement. Includes such aspects as 2D
shapes and 3D Shapes, Angle, Reflective Symmetry,
pattern, Tessellation, turns and position.

3. Definition of two-dimensional shape-
they are flat, plane shape with only length and width.
 Two dimensional shapes and their Characteristics
 Circle
 Entirely round shapes formed by a curved line. The curved
points of a circle are equal distance apart. It is
360degrees ad is made up of indefinite number of angles.
Circle

4. Quadrilaterals cont.
 Triangles  Quadrilaterals
 They are four-sided figures,
containing four angles of which
at least one angle is a right
angle. The sum of interior angles
of a parallelogram is 360
degrees. Squares rhombus,
rectangles kite, parallelograms
and trapezium are all
quadrilaterals.
Equilater
al
Equilater
al
Scalene
They are three-sided closed
polygons which contain three
vertices and angles and interior
angles which have a sum of 180
degrees. They can be right-
angled, isosceles, equilateral or
scalene.

6. Quadrilaterals cont.
 Pentagon
 A five sided figure which contains
five angles of equal sizes. Its
interior angles add up to 540
degrees.
 Hexagon
 A six-sided closed shape with 6
equal interior angles having a sum
of 720 degrees.

7. Quadrilaterals cont.
 Heptagon
 A seven- sided closed shape with
seven equal interior angles having
a sum of 900 degrees.
 Octagon
 An eight–sided closed
having eight equal angles
of 1080 degrees.

8. Quadrilaterals cont.
 Nonagon
 A nine-sided closed shape having
nine equal angles of 1260 degrees.
 Decagon
 A ten-sided closed shape having ten
equal sides and angles. The sum of its
interior angle is 1440 degrees.

9. Finding the area and perimeter of squares,
rectangles, triangles and circles
The area of a shape is the space taken up by a two-
dimensional shape or object whereas the perimeter
is the distance around a shape or object.
 Area of a square is one side multiplied by
itself. The answer for area of a square is
always in squared units.
 (Length × breadth =area squared)
 Area= 3cm × 3cm = 9sq cm
Perimeter=3cm+3cm+3cm+3cm=12cm or
3cm × 4=12cm

10. Rectangles
 Area = (Length × width = area)
 Area = 4cm × 2cm = 8 sqcm
 Perimeter of a rectangle is the sum of the two lengths and
the sum of the two widths.
 Perimeter = 4cm + 4cm + 2cm + 2cm = 12cm
 or (2 ×4cm) + 2 × 2cm) = 8+4=12cm

11. Area and Perimeter of a Triangle
 Area of a Triangle
 Perimeter of Triangle

12. Area and Perimeter of a Traperzoid
 Area of a Trapezoid  Perimeter of a Trapezoid

13. Definition of three – dimensional shapes

14. Three – dimensional shapes (3d) include the
following: sphere, cone, cylinder, cube, cuboid,
pyramid, prisms (square, triangular, pentagonal)

15.  A pyramid as a 3d shape consist of regular-based
polygons. It can be triangular or square based which meet
at one point called the vertex.
 A prism as a 3d shape may have different bases of
polygons beginning with triangular base. The simplest
prism- triangular base has five faces, nine edges and six
vertices. It has two ends that are exactly the same size
and shape that makes it different from pyramids.

16. Volume of 3D shapes
 6cm
 6cm
 6cm
 Volume of 3D shapes
 Volume is the amount of space taken up by a solid shape.
 Volume = length × breadth × height
 Volume of a Cube= length ×breadth× height
 V=6×6×6= 216cm^3

18. Volume of a Triangular Prism

19. Volume of a Pyramid