1 flora and Fauna of Delhi and Sikkim The fauna of Sikkim include the snow leopard, musk deer, Himalayan tahr, red panda, Himalayan marmot, Himalayan serow, Himalayan goral, muntjac, common langur, Asian black bear, clouded leopard, marbled cat, leopard cat, dhole, Tibetan wolf, hog badger, binturong, and Himalayan jungle cat. 2.The Kingdom of Sikkim was founded by the Namgyal dynasty in the 17th century. It was ruled by Buddhist priest-kings known as the Chogyal. It became a princely state of British India in 1890. Following Indian independence, Sikkim continued its protectorate status with the Union of India after 1947, and the Republic of India after 1950. It enjoyed the highest literacy rate and per capita income among Himalayan states. In 1973, anti-royalist riots took place in front of the Chogyal's palace. In 1975, after the Indian Army took over the city of Gangtok, a referendum was held that led to the deposition of the monarchy and Sikkim joining India as its 22nd state.[9] Modern Sikkim is a multiethnic and multilingual Indian state. The official languages of the state are English, Nepali, Sikkimese and Lepcha.[2] Additional official languages include Gurung, Limbu, Magar, Mukhia, Newari, Rai, Sherpa and Tamang for the purpose of preservation of culture and tradition in the state.[3] English is taught in schools and used in government documents. The predominant religions are Hinduism and Vajrayana Buddhism. Sikkim's economy is largely dependent on agriculture and tourism. As of 2019, the state had the fifth-smallest GDP among Indian states,[10] although it is also among the fastest-growing.[11][12] Sikkim accounts for the largest share of cardamom production in India, and is the world's second largest producer of the spice after Guatemala. Sikkim achieved its ambition to convert its agriculture to fully organic between 2003 and 2016, and became the first state in India to achieve this distinction.[13][14][15][16] It is also among India's most environmentally conscious states, having banned plastic water bottles "in any government functions and meetings" and polystyrene products (throughout the state).[17][18] 3.Lutyens’ Delhi is home to around 150 species of birds. Even common species such as the Rufous Treepie, the Indian Grey Hornbill, the Coppersmith Barbet, and the Black-rumped Flameback (woodpecker) can seem exotic to most people. The fountains outside North Block and South Block are usually home to several waders, including Common Sandpipers and Black-winged Stilts (especially in the right months). A pair of Black-naped Ibis can be seen off and on, on the lawns outside North Block. And in April, tens of thousands of Rosy Starlings can be seen around Parliament House and India Gate. Their murmuration (gigantic formations in the air that change shape) is one of the natural wonders of the world—it is also one that most Delhi residents are blind to. 4.The Aravalli Biodiversity Park is a must-see for any nature lover for birds and

1. Welcome To The
Presentation
By:SHRISTY SINGH

3. INTRODUCTION
The following presentation contains information about plant and animal species residing in the respective
areas of Delhi and Sikkim. Contains data of endangered,endemic and extinct species of plants and
animals. Plants and animals are a very important part of our ecosystem.Plants are living organisms that
can live on land or water. They have many different forms such as huge trees, others are herbs or some
have bushy form. The basic food for all organisms is produced by green plants. Plants help in maintaining
oxygen balance, the most important gas that enable us to breathe. Animals emit carbon dioxide by taking
in oxygen. This rise in carbon dioxide levels in air is reduced by plants. Removal of carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere reduces the greenhouse effect and global warming. It also maintains the ozone layer that
helps protect Earth’s life from damaging UV radiation. Humans directly or indirectly depend on plants for
several of their needs. Animals help maintain the Earth's natural environments by predating upon plants
and other animals, pollinating various plants, and exhaling carbon dioxide, which green plants require to
live. Additionally, animals help to fertilize plants via their droppings, which provide nutrition for plants,
and seed-dispersal tendencies, which help plants to disperse through habitats. Once they die, animals also
serve as food for microorganisms and supplemental minerals for plants.

4. *****FLORA*****
ss
The word "flora" comes from the Latin name of Flora, the
goddess of plants, flowers, and fertility in Roman mythology.
The technical term "flora" is then derived from a metonymy
of this goddess at the end of the sixteenth century. It was
first used in poetry to denote the natural vegetation of an
area, but soon also assumed the meaning of a work
cataloguing such vegetation. Moreover, "Flora" was used to
refer to the flowers of an artificial garden in the
seventeenth century.
2
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5. *****FAUNA*****
Fauna comes from the name Fauna, a Roman goddess of
earth and fertility, the Roman god Faunus, and the
related forest spirits called Fauns. All three words are
cognates of the name of the Greek god Pan, and panis
is the Greek equivalent of fauna Fauna is all of the
animal life present in a particular region or time. The
corresponding term for plants is flora. Flora, fauna and
other forms of life such as fungi are collectively
referred to as biota. Zoologists and paleontologists use
fauna to refer to a typical collection of animals found in
a specific time or place, e.g. the "Sonoran Desert
fauna" or the "Burgess Shale fauna". Paleontologists
sometimes refer to a sequence of faunal stages, which
is a series of rocks all containing similar fossils. The
study of animals of a particular region is called
faunistics.

6. DELHI’S FLORA
Delhi occupies a floral diversity of 377 genera and 551 species belonging to 90 angiospermic families.
Dicots are represented with 76 families, 299 genera and 448 species whereas monocots are represented
with 14 families, 78 genera and 103 species. . Fabceae with 75 species is the most dominant family followed
by Poaceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and
Lamiaceae. Herbs were the most dominant followed by shrubs, trees, grasses, climbers, sedges, and
parasites. Among the genera, Euphorbia is the most dominant genus represented by 12 species in Delhi
flora. Other major genera include Heliotropium, Hibiscus, Sida, Solanum, Eragrostis, Corchorus, Acacia,
Brachiaria, Panicum, Saccharum, Ficus, Indigofera, Echinochloa, Cyperus and Ipomoea, each represented
by four or more than four species. Furthermore, 41 families found were monogeneric and 31 were
monospecific.
Hibiscus Heliotropium Sida Ipomoea

7. DELHI’S FAUNA
An astonishing variety of wildlife, including 100 species of birds, 25 species of mammals, amphibians,
reptiles, and an innumerable species of arthropods are known to inhibit the area. Delhi is home to about 200
species of residents and migratory animals. Some of the animals found are the Mongoose, Indian Hare,
Indian Gerbils, Longeared Hedgehog, Five Stripped Palm Squirrel, Indian Bull Frog, Nilgai, Rhesus Macaque,
Mices, Foxes, Jackals. From October to March, Pintail Ducks, Barheaded Geese and Shovellers can be seen
swimming here along with the resident Spotbill Ducks and Painted Storks.The unbridled encroachments into
the Ridge have resulted in depletion of a number of rare species like the Barn Owl, Paradise Flycatcher and
Shirker Cuckoo. Even the more common Peacocks and Partridges Birds that nest in the undergrowth are
becoming rare sights. Common birds of the ridge are the Weaver Bird or Baya, Grey Shrike, five species of
Babblers, two species of Bulbuls, four species of Mynas and Sunbirds, while birds migrating from the
Himalayas include the Brahminy Duck, Common Teal, White Eyed Pochard etc.
Indian Hare Paradise Flycatcher Mongoose Pintail Duck

8. SIKKIM’S FLORA
vSikkim has approximately 5,000 blossoming plants, 515 extraordinary orchids, 60 primula species, 36
rhododendron species, 11 oak varieties, 23 bamboo varieties, 16 conifer species, 362 types of ferns & ferns'
allies, 8 tree ferns and more than 900 medicinal plants. The Rhododendron is acclaimed to be the state tree.
In the lower altitudes, orchids, figs, laurel, bananas, sal trees and bamboo are traceable enjoying the
subtropical climate. Above 1,500 meters (in temperate regions), oaks, chestnuts, maples, birches, alders and
magnolias are found in large numbers. Under alpine-affected regions, juniper, pine, firs, cypresses and
rhododendrons are quite common that happen to come across between the altitudes of 3,500 to 5 000 m.
The official flower of Sikkim is Orchid Dendrobium Nobile. A relative of the Poinsettia, locally known as
"Christmas Flower", can be found in abundance in the mountainous state.
Rhododendron Cymbidium Orchid Dendrobium Nobile Laurel

9. SIKKIM’S FAUNA
The fauna of Sikkim include the Snow Leopard, Musk Deer, Himalayan Tahr, Red Panda, Himalayan Marmot,
Himalayan Serow, Himalayan Goral, Muntjac, Common Langur, Asian Black Bear, Clouded Leopard,Marbled
Cat, Leopard Cat,Dhole, Tibetan Wolf, Hog Badger, Binturong, and Himalayan Jungle Cat.The avifauna of
Sikkim include the impeyan pheasant, crimson horned pheasant, snow partridge, Tibetan snowcock,
bearded vulture and griffon vulture, as well as golden eagles, quails, plovers, woodcocks, sandpipers,
pigeons, Old World flycatchers, babblers and robins. Sikkim has more than 550 species of birds, some of
which have been declared endangered.Sikkim also has a rich diversity of arthropods, many of which remain
unstudied.Some of the most understudied species are Sikkimese arthropods, specifically butterflies. Of the
approximately 1,438 butterfly species found in the Indian subcontinent, 695 have been recorded in Sikkim.
These include the endangered Kaiser-i-hind, the Yellow Gorgon and the Bhutan Glory.
Tibetan Wolf Yellow Gorgon White Partridge
Red Panda

10. Thank You