33. pH test
• Rise in milk pH due to mastitis is detected
using bromothymol blue
• User friendly, rapid, but not as sensitive as
other tests
34. Culture tests
• Laboratory based- use selective culture to identify different
microorganisms involved in causing mastitis
• Identifies specific pathogens
• Can not be used ‘on-site’, waiting time for results can be days
41. Tools of milking. Let’s learn!
Pre (blue) and
Post (yellow)
Cooler box for keeping temperature (40℃) and
preventing dust, feces and urine
Bucket
milker
Dry
towels
Wet
towelsDisinfectant
in bucket
Strip
cup
Dipper
از طرفي زيان حاصل از تغييرات تركيب شير مثل كاهش شحم، كاهش كازئين و لاكتوز و افزايش سرم شير و پروتئين ها و افزايش املاح را نيز بايد در نظر گرفت.
Milk letdown is transitory process.
After touch the teat, oxytocin is secreted from pituitary.
After oxytocin is released, it takes 1-2 minutes for the pressure of milk in the udder to reach its maximum level.
Oxytocin induces contraction of the milk gland
And then, milk is pushed to the milk duct and the gland cistern, resulting milk let down.
Once letdown has occurred, milking should follow as soon as possible.
Any unusual delay will cause discomfort and reduce the release of milk.
Contagious
pathogens are transmitted from cow to cow, mainly
at milking time through milking equipment, the
milker’s hands and contaminated wash cloths. The
principle contagious pathogens are Streptococcus
agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycoplasma
species.
Environmental pathogens enter the teat canal
from manure, bedding, soil, plant material and
water. Primary environmental pathogens include
two types of bacteria: coliform bacteria and species
of streptococci other than Strep. agalactiae. These
are referred to as ‘environmental streptococci’.
اين گا وها را بايد با ماشین شير دوشي تك واحدي و در پايان شير دوشي بطور جداگانه روزانه حداقل سه مرتبه دوشيد تا عفونت در پستان سبب ضايعه پستاني نشود و حیوان را تحت مراقبت داکتر وترنر قرار مي دهند. شير دوشيده شده دور ریخته می شود و بعد از هر دفعه دوشش باید ماشین ضد عفوني گردد.
اين نوع التهاب پستان معمولأ به تداوی جواب نمي دهد در صورت نگهداري گاو در گله سبب پيشرفت بيماري و سرايت به ساير گاوها مي شود و بايستي حیوان آلوده حذف و به كشتارگاه سوق داده شود.
این بیماری در موارد خفیف، نیاز به تداوی ندارد و می توان از روش هایی چون جدا نمودن حیوان و تخلیه سریع پستان توسط دوشش زیاد شیر و یا رها نمودن گوساله استفاده کرد و از مواد انتی مایکروبیل مخصوص ارگانیزم خاص استفاده نمود
These are tools of milking.
Bucket milker, dipper, blue dipper is for pre-dipping and yellow dipper is for post-dipping, strip cup, dry towels, wet towels in cooler box because of keeping temperature and preventing dust, feces and urine, and disinfectant in bucket.
Please remember them until today’s practice.