power in oil rig.pdf

Kurdistan Regional Government
Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research
Noble Institute
Drilling Technology Department
Power in Oil Rig
Prepared By
Shivan Abdalrahman Sabir

Table of content :
Page no.
Abstract 6
Chapter I ………………………………………………………………
1.1 Introduction of electricity 7
1.2 current 8
1.3 voltage 10
1.4 resistance 11
Chapter II ……………………………………………………………….
2.1 OHM'S Law 12
2.2 DC circuits 12
2.3 series circuits 14
2.4 parallel circuits 15
Chapter III ………………………………………………………………
3.1 Electric & Mechanical Drilling Rig 17
3.2 Mechanical Drilling Rigs
17
3.2.2 Mechanical Mobile Rigs 17
3.2.3 Mechanical Drilling Rigs Advantages and Disadvantages 18
3.3 Electro-Mechanical Drilling Rigs 18
3.3.2 Electro-Mechanical Mobile Rigs 19

3.3.3 Electro-Mechanical Drilling Rig Advantages 19
3.4 Electric power 20
3.4.2 Kilowatt 21
3.4.3 Horse power 21
3.5 Electric Drilling Rigs 22
3.5.2 Electric Drilling Rig Advantages 22
3.5.3 DC (SCR) Drilling Rig 23
3.5.4 AC (VFD) Drilling Rig 23
3.5.5 AC versus DC Drilling Rig 23
3.5.6 AC Drilling Rig Advantages :- 24
Chapter IV …………………………………………………..
4.1 Power generation and distribution system 25
Chapter V……………………………………………………………
5.1 drilling machine 29
5.2 classification of drilling machine 29
5.3 Environmental conditions 30
5.4 Drilling Machine Trends : 30
5.5 Size according to depth: 30
5.6 Typical power range: 31
5.7 Special Requirements of Drilling Machine and its Solution 32

Reference …………………………………………………….. 35
List of figures ……………………………………………….. page no.
Fig 1 part of an atom 7
Fig 2 conventional flow 9
Fig 3 electron flow 9
Fig 4 AC and DC current 11
Fig 5 voltage symbol 13
Fig 6 resistance symbol 13
Fig 7 series circuits 14
Fig 8 parallel circuits 15
Fig 9 Power generation and distribution system 28
List of table …………………………………………………. page no.
Table 1 current 8
Table 2 voltage 10
Table 3 resistance 11

Abstract :
The research is about (power in oil rig ) after a short description in a basic of
electricity and OHM's law , we explained about power in general .
at last we searched about the type of power in oil rig we descript (Electric &
Mechanical Drilling Rig , Mechanical Drilling Rigs Advantages and Disadvantages ,
Electric Drilling Rig , Electric Drilling Rig Advantage , DC (SCR) Drilling Rig ,
AC (VFD) Drilling Rig , AC versus DC Drilling Rig , AC Drilling Rig Advantages ,
Size according to depth , Typical power range )

Chapter I
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY :-
The technical term electricity is the property of certain particles to possess a force
field which is neither gravitational nor nuclear. To understand what this means, we
need to start simply. Everything, from water and air to rocks, plants and animals, is
made up of minute particles called atoms. They are too small to see, even with the
most powerful microscope. Atoms consist of even smaller particles called protons,
neutrons and electrons. The nucleus of the atom contains protons, which have a
positive charge, and neutrons, which have no charge. Electrons have a negative
charge and orbit around the nucleus. An atom can be compared to a solar system, with
the nucleus being the sun and the electrons being planets in orbit.
Electrons can be freed from their orbit by applying an external force, such as
movement through a magnetic field, heat, friction, or a chemical reaction. A free
electron leaves a void, which can be filled by an electron forced out of its orbit from
another atom. As free electrons move from one atom to another, an electron flow is
produced. This electron flow is the basis of electricity. The cliché, “opposites attract,”
is certainly true when dealing with electrical charges. Charged bodies have an
invisible electrical field around them. When two likecharged bodies are brought close
together, they repel each other. When two unlike charged bodies are brought closer
together, their electrical fields work to attract.

Characteristics:
When we look at the flow of electricity, we need to look at its characteristics. There
are three main characteristics of electricity: ·
 Current (symbol I) ·
 Voltage (symbol E or V) ·
 Resistance (symbol R).
1.2 Current:
The flow of free electrons in the same general direction from atom to atom is referred
to as current and it is measured in amperes (“amps” or “A”). The number of electrons
that flow through a conductor’s cross-section in one second determines amps. Current
can be expressed in a number of different ways, such as:
Quantity Symbol Decimal
1 milliampere 1 mA 1/1000 A
1 ampere 1 A or 1 amp 1 ampere
1 kiloampere 1 kA 1000 amperes
Table 1
When discussing current, the direction of current flow needs to be considered. There
are two different theories about this: ·
 Conventional Flow ·
 Electron Flow .

 Conventional Flow:
This theory states that electrons flow from positive to negative. Benjamin Franklin
theorized this when very little was known about electricity. It states that an invisible
fluid known as electricity tended to flow through a wire from the positive to the
negative. Ben’s theory became the convention (hence the term “conventional
current”) in electrical theory, mathematics, textbooks and electrical equipment for the
next hundred years.
Electron Flow: This theory states that electrons flow from negative to positive. When
more was known about the behavior of electrons, scientists discovered that electrons
actually flow from negative to positive. Since electrons are negatively charged, it
follows that they are attracted by positively charged bodies and repelled by negatively
charged bodies.
Current (continue):
Despite the fact that it has been positively determined that electron flow is the correct
theory, the conventional flow theory still dominates the industry. Either theory can be
used as long as the orientations are correct. Conventional flow will be used from this
point on in these training modules unless otherwise stated.

1.3 Voltage:
Voltage is the force that is applied to a conductor to free electrons, which causes
electrical current to flow. It is measured in volts or “V”. Current will flow in a
conductor as long as voltage, the electrical pressure, is applied to the conductor.
Voltage is expressed in a number of ways:
1 millivolt 1 mV 1/1000 volt
1 volt 1 V 1 volt
1 kilovolt 1 kV 1000 volts
Table 2
There are two methods that voltage forces current to flow: ·
 Direct Current ·
 Alternating Current .
Direct current:
With this method, the voltage forces the electrons to flow continuously in one
direction through a closed circuit. This type of voltage is called Direct Current (DC)
voltage. Batteries and DC generators produce DC voltage.

Alternating current:
With this method, voltage forces electrons to flow first in one direction, then in the
opposite direction, alternating very quickly. This type of voltage is called Alternating
Current (AC) voltage. A generator is used to produce AC voltage. The voltage
generated by utility companies for our home, factories and offices is AC voltage.
Voltage (continued):
1.4 Resistance:
This is the third characteristic of electricity. The restriction to the flow of electrons
through a conductor is called resistance and it is measured in ohms and abbreviated
“Ω”, the Greek symbol Omega. Resistance is expressed in a number of ways:
1 ohm 1Ω 1 ohm
1 kilo ohm 1kΩ 1000 ohms
1 mega ohm 1MΩ 1,000,000 ohms
Table 3

Chapter II
2.1 OHM’S LAW :
There is a definite relationship between the three primary electrical characteristics:
current, voltage and resistance. A German mathematician, George Simon Ohm,
formulated this relationship in the 19th century. His law (Ohm’s Law) stated that
current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to
resistance. The following formula was derived from that law:
Current = Voltage/Resistance or I = E/R
Current (I) in amps: Voltage (E) in volts: Resistance (R) in ohm
Ohm’s Law is the basic formula used in all AC and DC electrical circuits. So if you
know two of the three characteristics, your can calculate the third one.
Electrical designers use it to determine how much voltage is required for a certain
load, like a motor, a computer, or even a house full of appliances.
2.2 DC Circuits
We can use a simple DC circuit here to demonstrate Ohm’s Law. Before we do any
calculations, however, let’s briefly discuss the symbols that will be used in our circuit
diagrams.
Voltage Symbol: The terminals of a battery are symbolically indicated on an
electrical drawing by one or more pairs of lines. The longer line represents the
positive terminal, and the shorter line the negative terminal.

Fig (5)
Resistance Symbol: Resistance is represented in one of two ways: either an open
rectangle or a zigzag line. Resistance in a circuit can take the form of many
different components from light bulbs to motors. Most of these components have
their own unique symbols. For now, we will use the zigzag line symbol to represent
the loads.
Fig (6)

2.3 Series Circuits
Using the simple circuit shown, assume that the voltage supplied is 12 volts, and
the resistor provides six ohms of resistance. To determine the current, use the
following formula.
I = E / R or Current (amps) = Voltage (volts) / Resistance (ohms)
Fig 7
Now is a good time to talk about how current and voltage behaves in a series
circuit. The current value is the same in every part of the circuit. An ammeter can
verify this.
Voltage, on the other hand, does not remain constant throughout the circuit.
Voltage values can be measured across each resistor or load. This is called the
voltage drop. The total voltage (VT) is equal to the sum of all the voltage drops in
that circuit. A voltmeter can verify this. The formula is:
(VT) = V1 + V2 + V3 …

2.4 Parallel Circuits :
In parallel circuits, the loads are connected across the power line to form branches.
The loads operate independently of each other, and therefore a break in any one
branch does not prevent the line voltage from being applied to the remaining
branches. The result is that one path (branch) can be open with the load not
receiving current without the other loads being affected, as in the newer strings of
holiday lights.
Current has a number of paths to follow. If all paths are available, the current
divides itself between the branches back to the source. If a path is open, the
current divides between the remaining available paths and goes back to the source.
Parallel circuits are used in the majority of industrial, commercial and residential
applications of electricity.
The next two circuit illustrations show three resistors in parallel. The only difference
between the two circuits is the resistor values. To use Ohm’s Law to solve the
equations, you need to know how resistance, current and voltage behave in parallel
circuits.
Fig 8
The total resistance (RT) of a parallel circuit decreases as more branches are
added. The total resistance of a parallel circuit is always less than the resistance of
any of its branches and is therefore less than the value of the lowest resistance in

the circuit. To determine total resistance (RT) two different formulas are used:
 Resistors with equal values.
 Resistors with unequal values.

Chapter III
3.1 Electric & Mechanical Drilling Rig :-
Drilling rigs can be designed with different drive modes: Electric drive (AC or DC),
mechanical drive, or a combination of both (compound drive). In the following we
briefly introduce each drive mode as well as list their strengths and weaknesses.
3.2 Mechanical Drilling Rigs:-
On mechanical drilling rigs, also called power rigs, the rotary energy of the diesel
engines is transferred directly to the drawworks, mud pumps, and rotary table (or top
drive) via a system of chains (chain drive) or belts (belt drive), torque converters and
clutches.
In addition, a separate generator set produces electricity to power the lighting system
of the rig as well as small AC motors used by equipment of the mud control system.
3.2.2 Mechanical Mobile Rigs :-
Most truck-mounted drilling rigs are mechanical drilling rigs where the diesel engine
or engines that are mounted on the carrier drive both the drawworks and the rotary
table. In addition, each mud pump has its own diesel engine driving the pump via
belts or chains.

3.2.3 Mechanical Drilling Rigs Advantages and Disadvantages:-
Although mechanical drilling rigs are less expensive than electric drilling rigs, they
are less reliable due to the fact, that the failure of a single main engine can can bring
drilling to a halt. The main drives of a mechanical drilling rig are also less precise to
control.
3.3 Electro-Mechanical Drilling Rigs :-
On an electro-mechanical drilling rig, at least the drawworks is driven via the direct
transfer of rotary power from the main diesel engines.
The rotary table (or top drive), on the other hand, runs on electricity produced by one
or more separate generator sets. The electric power for the lightning system and
smaller equipment like the shale shaker and degasser, is also produced this way.
As for the solid control system, either electric or mechanical mud pumps can be
installed, depending on customer preferences.

3.3.2 Electro-Mechanical Mobile Rigs :-
With the diesel engines and drawworks mounted on the truck, the drawworks of a
truck or trailer-mounted drilling rig is always driven mechanically.
Due to size constraints on a mobile rig’s standard substructure, installing an electric
rotary table would be difficult, the rotary table also is driven mechanically by the
prime movers on the truck.
The mud pumps, however, can be driven electrically by a separate generator set, as
can the top drive, if required.
3.3.3 Electro-Mechanical Drilling Rig Advantages:
 Less expensive than a full electric drilling rig.
 The most important drive on a rig, the rotary table or top drive, is powered
electronically and can thus be precisely controlled thanks to stepless speed
regulation.

3.4 ELECTRIC POWER
Power is a measure of energy per unit time. Power therefore gives the rate of energy
consumption or production. The units for power are generally watts (W). For
example, the watt rating of an appliance gives the rate at which it uses energy. The
total amount of energy consumed by this appliance is the wattage multiplied by the
amount of time during which it was used; this energy can be expressed in units of
watt-hours (or, more commonly, kilowatt-hours).
the power dissipated by a circuit element—whether an appliance or simply a wire—is
given by the product of its resistance and the square of the current through it:
P= I2
R. The term “dissipated” indicates that the electric energy is being converted to
heat. This heat may be part of the appliance’s intended function (as in any electric
heating device), or it may be considered a loss (as in the resistive heating of
transmission lines); the physical process is the same. Another, more general way of
calculating power is as the product of current and voltage: P = IV. For a resistive
element,12 we can apply Ohm’s law (V= IR) to see that the formulas P = I 2
R and
P =IV amount to the same thing:
P= IV = I(IR) = I 2 R

3.4.2Kilowatt :
For your electric company to determine how much to charge each customer each
month, they simply read from the meter the amount of power that was consumed over
that period of time. Since electricity is consumed at a rather high rate, it is impractical
to talk or calculate in terms of watts. You probably are familiar with the terms
kilowatt and kilowatt-hour from looking at an electric bill. A kilowatt, abbreviated
kW, is equal to 1,000 watts. A kilowatt-hour, abbreviated kWh, is equivalent to 1,000
watts consumed in one hour.
One kilowatt = 1kW = 1000 watts
One megawatt = 1MW = 1,000,000 watts
Charges for electricity used in your home are calculated by multiplying the
kilowatthours used by the rate per kilowatt-hour charged by your electric utility. (See
Module 15, Power Management, for more information.)
3.4.3 Horse power :
is a unit of measurement of power (the rate at which work is done). There are many
different standards and types of horsepower. Two common definitions being used
today are the mechanical horsepower (or imperial horsepower), which is
approximately 746 watts, and the metric horsepower, which is approximately
735.5 watts.
The term was adopted in the late 18th century by Scottish engineer James Watt to
compare the output of steam engines with the power of draft horses. It was later
expanded to include the output power of other types of piston engines, as well
as turbines, electric motors and other machinery.[1][2]
The definition of the unit varied
among geographical regions. Most countries now use the SI unit watt for
measurement of power

3.5 Electric Drilling Rigs:-
Electric generators powered by large diesel engines (the prime movers) generate
electricity that move the heavy rig equipment such as the rotary table (or top drive),
mud pumps and draw works.
Electric drill rigs are more expensive than mechanical rigs, but offer some nice
advantages in return.
3.5.2 Electric Drilling Rig Advantages:-
Safer: Stepless speed regulation allows for accurate control of the circulating,
hoisting, and rotating equipment. Computerized driller’s cabin with touch screens for
the display and control of drilling parameters.
More reliable: As generator sets are installed in parallel, shutting down a single
unit for repair or maintenance normally can be done without interrupting normal
drilling operations.
More flexible: Generator sets can be added or removed as required.
electric drilling rigs are available in two types that either use direct current (DC) or
alternating current (AC) to power the rig components:

3.5.3 DC (SCR) Drilling Rig :
On a DC drilling rig, alternate current (AC) produced by one or more AC generator
sets is converted into direct current (DC) by means of a silicon-controlled-rectifier
(SCR) system.
3.5.4 AC (VFD) Drilling Rig :
On an AC powered rig, AC generator sets (diesel engine plus AC generator) produce
alternating current that is operated at variable speed via a variable-frequency drive
(VFD).
3.5.5 AC versus DC Drilling Rig :
Apart from being more energy efficient, AC powered rigs allow the drilling operator
to more accurately control the rig equipment, thus enhancing rig safety and reducing
drilling time.

3.5.6 AC Drilling Rig Advantages :-
 Efficient energy consumption due to a high power factor (minimum 95%).
 Precise speed regulation over a wider speed range.
 Constant high power even at low speed.
 Full torque at zero speed.
 Regenerative braking for safe and efficient control of the drawworks.
 Convenient and safe auto driller system for managing and controlling parameters
such as weight on bit (WOB), rate of penetration (ROP), and rotary torque
control.

Chapter IV
4.1 Power generation and distribution system
In a drilling site power is needed to run the machines driving the main components of
the rig, such as the draw works, the pumps, the rotary table and the engines of the
various auxiliary facilities (compressed air, safety systems, centrifugal pumps,
lighting, services, etc.).
Ideally, it would be convenient to obtain electricity from the public network, but this
is rarely possible, because of the remote location of the majority of the sites, and it is
therefore necessary to produce power on the various sites using prime movers.
In the past the prime movers used in drilling sites were steam engines, which, while
having certain undoubted advantages (characteristic curves suitable for direct
connection to users, robust construction, ease of use), have been abandoned due to
their low efficiency, heavy weight and huge water consumption. At present the prime
movers used are Otto or diesel cycle internal combustion engines, or else turbogas
units, used only where low-cost methane is available. The disadvantage of internal
combustion engines is that they cannot be directly coupled with user facilities, but this
is offset by their easy transport, high efficiency and convenient fuel supplies. Drilling
rigs are classified by the way in which power is transmitted from the prime movers to
the main facilities, distinguishing between mechanical and electrical drive rigs
(diesel-electric if the prime mover is diesel).
In drilling rigs with mechanical drive the power produced by the prime movers is
transmitted to the main users by a system of chains and sprockets, or belts and
pulleys.
This transmission system is controlled with the help of clutches and gearboxes, which
allow power to be conveyed to the required unit.
The engines must be located close to the main user units, thus making the layout of
the rig more complicated. Moreover, the characteristic curve of internal combustion
engines is not suitable for direct connection to user units and therefore it is necessary
to insert a gearbox, which enables the characteristic curve of the engine to be
approximated to that of the user unit.

Another problem is the power take-off at low running speed, as internal combustion
engines do not supply power at a low number of revolutions. It is thus necessary to
insert a clutch (only on small rigs, as beyond a certain power it is quickly burned out),
or else a hydraulic joint or a torque converter.
The hydraulic joint is a component formed by two rotors immersed in an oil bath,
placed between the engine and the user unit. During start-up, the engine shaft can
supply a constant torque even if the user shaft is stopped (slippage of the joint equal to
100%, efficiency nil), hence allowing a gradual power offtake. During normal
operation, however, the slippage of the clutch is low (2 to 8%) and therefore the
efficiency is high. The torque converter is a sort of hydraulic joint which, in addition
to allowing a gradual power take-off, makes it possible to vary the speed and the
torque, thanks to the insertion of a stator between the rotors.
The hydraulic torque converter acts in practice as a gearbox, which, however, vies
against the efficiency, which during normal operation does not exceed 85%.
Mechanical drive rigs were very widely used in the past, but nowadays their use is
limited to rigs of low and medium potential.
The mechanical transmission efficiency varies between 75 and 85%, according to
whether or not there is a torque converter.
In high-capacity rigs more flexibility in the layout of the equipment and precise
control of the power supplied are required.
For this reason more flexible electric (or, more precisely, diesel-electric) rigs have
been developed, which are less bulky and lighter than mechanical-drive rigs.
In diesel-electric rigs, the main user units (the drawworks, the pumps and the rotary
table) are operated by independent electric engines. The following are therefore the
components that permit the generation, distribution and use of power: prime movers,
which transform the fuel into mechanical power, generators, which convert the
mechanical power into electrical energy, a power control cabin, electricity lines, and
lastly the DC (Direct Current) or AC (Alternating Current) motors of the various
units. Usually the motors of the main units are DC, and are preferred to AC motors
because of their capacity to vary the speed continuously, supplying a high torque
value whatever the running conditions. Two types of electric drive exist: the first with
DC generation and DC user units (DC-DC drive), and the second with AC generation
and DC user units (AC-DC drive).

In the case of DC-DC drive, the electric engine of each main unit is connected
directly to a DC generator, worked by a prime mover (usually diesel). In a medium-
size rig there are 4 prime movers and 3 or 4 motors for the user units (one for the
drawworks, one for each pump and, sometimes, one for the rotary table). In large-size
rigs there may be as many as 8 motors. The advantage of the DC-DC drive system is
its excellent efficiency, as the current does not have to be rectified.
The disadvantage, however, is that of being a rigid system, as each DC generator is
connected to its own user unit, and passage from one unit to another is not very
flexible. In contrast, the AC-DC drive is a system formed by prime mover units
(usually diesel motors) connected to AC generators, which supply all the user units
without being linked to a specific one, through an power control cabin (Fig. 7).
In this way the power of the prime mover can be used rationally, stopping some units
when the power required diminishes. Moreover, AC generators, although larger in
size, are less complicated and costly than DC generators. If the main user units have
DC motors, for ease of control of the rate of rotation, it is necessary to rectify part of
the current by means of a rectifier.
However, nowadays DC motors are more and more often being replaced by AC
motors controlled by an inverter, which allows the rate of rotation to be controlled
very effectively .

Fig (9) Power generation and distribution system

Chapter V
5.1 Drilling Machine :
that creates holes in the earth sub-surface. Drilling rigs can be massive structures
housing equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells,
or they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person and are
called augers. Drilling rigs can sample sub-surface mineral deposits, test rock, soil
and groundwater physical properties, and also can be used to install sub-surface
fabrications, such as underground utilities, instrumentation, tunnels or wells. Drilling
rigs can be mobile equipment mounted on trucks, tracks or trailers, or more
permanent land or marine-based structures (such as oil platforms, commonly called
'offshore oil rigs' even if they don't contain a drilling rig). The term "rig" therefore
generally refers to the complex of equipment that is used to penetrate the surface of
the Earth's crust.
5.2 Classification of Drill Machine :
Type of drive:
1. Mechanical drive .
2. Electrical drive .
3. Hydraulic drive .

5.3 Environmental conditions:
 Ordinary land oil drill.
 Desert oil drill.
 Polar area oil drill.
 Sea (includes offshore) oil drill.
5.4 Drilling Machine Trends :
 Top derrick drive system .
 Super deep drill.
 AC drive .
 Close loop drill and remote control .
 Auto drill .
5.5 Size according to depth:
1. Small oil drill < 2000 m .
2. Medium oil drill 2000 – 4500 m .
3. Deep oil drill 4500 – 6000 m .
4. Deeper oil drill 6000 – 9000 m .
5. Deepest oil drill 9000 – 15000 m .

Two Types of Drive for Drill
 Mechanical drive.
 Electrical drive.
5.6 Typical power range:
Depth Power Range
< 2000 m 1200 kW
2000 - 3000 m 1500 kW
3000 - 5000 m 2400 kW
5000 - 7000 m 4000 kW

5.7 Special Requirements of Drilling Machine and its Solution
Specific Standards
Because the drill machine normally operates in remote areas, a specific standard is
required. In China, JB/T 7845-1995 specifies the requirements for land drills
. Besides the general requirements, the following points are specified:
 Explosion protection: The following equipment is designated as being in a
zone 2 hazardous area: Drill platform, Petrol controller, Pump controller and
Electro-magnetic brake. Method of protection: Inert gas pressurisation.
 Anti corrosion
 Transportation
 Supply by diesel generator
 Control house
 Load balance (Err Less than 10 %)
Small Power Supply
Normally, drilling machines operate in remote areas which have no power networks.
Power is supplied from a separate diesel generator. This poses two limitations: first,
power is limited; second, power cannot be regenerated.
Solutions:
 Constant power control (serial field DC motor, constant power control for
AC and DC drives)
 Power limitation
 Current limitation
 Harmonic elimination
 Power factor compensation
 Choose special diesel generator (Power factor 0.7 - 0.8)

Size Limitation
Because drilling machines are frequently relocated, the drive system, MCC and
diesel generator controller are mounted in a single control house, the size of each part
should be as compact as possible.
Solutions:
 Reduce the SCR angle (DC)
 Special motor (e.g. GE-752)
 Enlarge the content of single cubicle
 Simplify the system, e.g. no speed sensor
 Common bus
Reliability
Since the cost of drilling is quite high, it is very important to reduce downtime. If the
well downtime exceeds 40 minutes the well may be shutdown as being uneconomic.
For the advanced drill machine, the failure rate must be less than 0.01 %.
Reliability means:
1. long MTBF .
2. easy to maintain .
3. the machine continues to function at reduced capacity even if part of it fails .
Solutions:
 Robust mechanic parts .
 Reliable electrical .
 Simplify the system .

 Identical control parts (the rolling system and the mud pump) .
 Redundant system Better protection against environment .
Special Motor :
The drilling machine motor has two characteristics:
1. Small volume; Normally the motor has a long shaft.
2. High degree of protection .

References :
1. 101 Basics Series and 201 Advanced Series are trademarks of Cutler-Hammer
University, Cutler-Hammer and Eaton Corp. ©1999, Eaton Corp.
2. Introduction to mechanical engineering Csaba H˝os Botond Erd˝os
September 10, 2013
3. Frank, Woodbury, “Electrical design considerations for drilling rigs”, IEEE
Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 1A-12, no. 4, 1976.
4. Handbook of Electrical Engineering: For Practitioners in the Oil, Gas and
Petrochemical Industry. Alan L. Sheldrake 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
ISBN: 0-471-49631-6
5. Angerbaur, G. J. Principles of DC and AC Circuits. 3rd ed. Albany, NY:
Delman Publishers, 1989.
6. Electric Power Systems: A Conceptual Introduction, by Alexandra von Meier
Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
7. Siemens Aktiengesellschaft © Siemens AG 2006

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