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Towards a Comprehensive Biosecurity Program in Joint Region Marianas
- 1. Towards a Comprehensive Biosecurity Program in Joint Region Marianas (JRM) National Military Fish and Wildlife Association March 2020 Noah S. Burrell1 † , Marc A. Hall1, Dana T. Lujan1, and Stephen M. Mosher1 1Naval Facilities Engineering Command Marianas, Guam; †Corresponding Author
- 3. More Invasions . . . Coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros; CRB) discovered on Guam 2007 Coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB)
- 4. More Invasions . . . Coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros; CRB) discovered on Guam 2007 Little fire ants (Wasmannia auropunctata; LFA) discovered on Guam in 2011 Little fire ant (LFA) Coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB) CRB breed in dead coconut trees
- 5. Biosecurity Central Concern in JRM AOR Mariana Island Training and Testing Biological Opinion (2015) Conservation Measures to prevent movement of invasive species between islands Regional Biosecurity Plan for Micronesia and Hawaii (2015) 2-phased $3.8 M DON-funded, multi-disciplinary effort for: Risk Assessments for freshwater, marine, and terrestrial systems Strategic Implementation Plan of Biosecurity for Pacific JRM Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (2019) Little Fire Ant Coqui Frog Indian mongoose CRB
- 6. JRM Biosecurity Program Overview Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR) Control/Removal of High-Risk Invasive Alien Species (IAS) Bio-sanitation Standards (AFPMB TG-31) and Inspections Development of a Programmatic Pathway Risk Analysis Strengthening Capacity and Regional Coordination
- 7. Surveys conducted and monitoring protocols developed by the Navy through Colorado State University (CSU) Center for Environmental Management of Military Lands (CEMML) Surveys conducted on Navy-administered lands in the JRM AOR for: Vertebrates (small mammals, reptiles, amphibians, etc.) Invertebrates (arachnids, arthropods, gastropods, etc.) Weeds Long-term monitoring protocols developed to standardize: Specimen handling, collection, inventorying, etc. Locations, frequency/timing, and methodology of surveys Rapid Response capability Early Detection and Rapid Response Surveyed Road
- 8. Surveys conducted and monitoring protocols developed by the Navy through Colorado State University (CSU) Center for Environmental Management of Military Lands (CEMML) Surveys conducted on Navy-administered lands in the JRM AOR for: Vertebrates (small mammals, reptiles, amphibians, etc.) Invertebrates (arachnids, arthropods, gastropods, etc.) Weeds Long-term monitoring protocols developed to standardize: Specimen handling, collection, inventorying, etc. Locations, frequency/timing, and methodology of surveys Rapid Response capability Early Detection and Rapid Response
- 9. Development of SOPs for controlling high risk IAS Detailing specific control tools, monitoring procedures, and evaluation protocols to assess relative control success. Implementing management and control actions: To reduce and control potential for IAS to enter DoD transportation network in the JRM AOR. Examples include: Delimiting and eradicating little fire ants from all DoD land parcels immediately upon detection. Implementing coconut rhinoceros beetle BMPs, including: Trapping Breeding site removal Outreach IAS Management and Control Actions Brown Treesnake Bait Tube
- 10. Military cargo/equipment subjected to pre-departure QA/QC Inspections to the AFPMB TG-31 standards for: All inter-island movements of military assets supporting exercises, and All military assets and cargo moved via military conveyance in support of Super Typhoon Yutu emergency relief efforts for CNMI per Defense Support of Civil Authorities. Biosecurity Inspections
- 11. QA/QC Inspections resulted in removal of hundreds of biomaterial, such as: Invertebrates, termite-infestations, frogs, lizards, bird nests, etc. Interceptions
- 12. Intercepted species are collected and vouchered to inform risk assessment. Identify and evaluate potential vectors, pathways, and invasive species for introduction in JRM AOR. Assess invasion risk of introducing nonnative terrestrial species in the JRM AOR. Identify and provide cost-effective management options for preventing and/or mitigating risks. Pathway Risk Assessment
- 13. Regional Biosecurity Program Manager (NAVFACMAR) MITT BO Program Manager (NAVFACMAR) Brown Treesnake Program Manager (NAVFACMAR) CESU awarded (FY17–FY19) to CSU CEMML CEMML staff base year (FY17): Principal Investigator (1) Project Manager (1) Field Biologists (3) Capacity Building
- 14. Regional Biosecurity Program Manager (NAVFACMAR) MITT BO Program Manager (NAVFACMAR) Brown Treesnake Program Manager (NAVFACMAR) CESU awarded (FY17–FY19) to CSU CEMML CEMML staff augmented in FY18 to include: Principal Investigator (1) Project Manager (1) Field Biologists (5) Supervisory Entomologist (1) Capacity Building
- 15. Regional Biosecurity Program Manager (NAVFACMAR) MITT BO Program Manager (NAVFACMAR) Brown Treesnake Program Manager (NAVFACMAR) CESU awarded (FY17–FY19) to CSU CEMML CEMML staff augmented in FY19 to include: Principal Investigator (1) Project Manager (1) Field Biologists (5) Supervisory Entomologist (1) Field Technicians (5) Crew Leader (1) Capacity Building
- 16. JRM participation in/partnership with: Regional Invasive Species Council (RISC) Guam Invasive Species Council (GISC) Guam Invasive Species Advisory Committee (GISAC) Coordinating Group on Alien Pest Species (CGAPS) Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (CRB) Taskforce Inter-island working groups for CRB and Little Fire Ant (LFA ) Regional Coordination
- 17. Challenges and Lessons Learned Improving inspections Data needs to drive biosecurity Prioritization of inspections Expanding pathway risk analysis Improving early detection technologies Developing a regional biosecurity instruction Larger focus on marine biosecurity
- 18. Acknowledgements
- 19. Questions? Noah S. Burrell Regional Biosecurity Program Manager NEPA Subject Matter Expert Naval Facilities Engineering Command Marianas Phone: 671-339-5310 Email: Noah.Burrell@fe.navy.mil
Editor's Notes
- Implementation of RBP and MITT BO requirements within the JRM AOR
- Invasive species pose significant threats to fragile island systems Brown treesnake (Bioga irregularis) likely was a major contributing factor in decimating 12 native forest bird species on Guam due to its introduction during WWII.
- Coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros; hereafter, CRB) is a high risk invasive species CRB is a known pest of palm trees, including: coconut, betel nut, and pandanus, and is also known to attack other plants/trees, such as banana, taro, pineapple, and sugar cane. Adult CRB damage palms by boring into the center of the crown and feeding on the sap and developing leaves, creating the telltale V-shaped cuts in the fronds. Immature stages (eggs, grubs, pupae) are found in dead palms and snags, and in other decaying vegetative material (i.e., green waste). As part of a multi-agency effort, the US Navy is committed to managing/controlling CRB Although CRB are established island-wide on Guam, a multi-faceted control effort on Guam is critical to prevent CRB from invading to other islands and/or CONUS. CRB pose significant risks to the mission Limiting CRB breeding sites through proper green waste management and removal of dead/live palm trees and decaying vegetative material in proximity to the transportation network is critical to the Navy’s mission. The invasive CRB was first discovered on Guam in SEPT 2007. CRB was subsequently inadvertently introduced on Papua New Guinea (2010), O’ahu in Hawaii (2013), Honiara in the Solomon Islands (2015), and Rota in the CNMI (2017). Little Fire Ants (Wasmannia auropunctata; hereafter: LFA) is one of the top 100 worst invasive species worldwide. LFA is known to harm human health, tourism, agriculture, pets/livestock, native flora and fauna, and native ecosystems. As part of a multi-agency effort, the US Navy is committed to managing/controlling LFA Although LFA are established island-wide, a multi-faceted control effort on Guam is critical to preventing continued spread of LFA on DoD lands and to prevent LFA from invading other islands. LFA pose significant risks to the mission LFA pose significant risks to the health and well-being of Warfighters if LFA spread into training areas. Limiting LFA through proper green waste management and controlling known populations on DoD land is critical to the Navy’s mission.
- Coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros; hereafter, CRB) is a high risk invasive species CRB is a known pest of palm trees, including: coconut, betel nut, and pandanus, and is also known to attack other plants/trees, such as banana, taro, pineapple, and sugar cane. Adult CRB damage palms by boring into the center of the crown and feeding on the sap and developing leaves, creating the telltale V-shaped cuts in the fronds. Immature stages (eggs, grubs, pupae) are found in dead palms and snags, and in other decaying vegetative material (i.e., green waste). As part of a multi-agency effort, the US Navy is committed to managing/controlling CRB Although CRB are established island-wide on Guam, a multi-faceted control effort on Guam is critical to prevent CRB from invading to other islands and/or CONUS. CRB pose significant risks to the mission Limiting CRB breeding sites through proper green waste management and removal of dead/live palm trees and decaying vegetative material in proximity to the transportation network is critical to the Navy’s mission. The invasive CRB was first discovered on Guam in SEPT 2007. CRB was subsequently inadvertently introduced on Papua New Guinea (2010), O’ahu in Hawaii (2013), Honiara in the Solomon Islands (2015), and Rota in the CNMI (2017). Little Fire Ants (Wasmannia auropunctata; hereafter: LFA) is one of the top 100 worst invasive species worldwide. LFA is known to harm human health, tourism, agriculture, pets/livestock, native flora and fauna, and native ecosystems. As part of a multi-agency effort, the US Navy is committed to managing/controlling LFA Although LFA are established island-wide, a multi-faceted control effort on Guam is critical to preventing continued spread of LFA on DoD lands and to prevent LFA from invading other islands. LFA pose significant risks to the mission LFA pose significant risks to the health and well-being of Warfighters if LFA spread into training areas. Limiting LFA through proper green waste management and controlling known populations on DoD land is critical to the Navy’s mission.
- The RBP is a living document that allows jurisdictions to determine the best forum and process to implement the RBP using feasible, cost effective mechanism(s) DoD works to implement RBP with our partners Common goals include securing funding, coordination and collaboration, prevention, monitoring, early detection and rapid response, management and eradication (where feasible), education and outreach, research, policy, and restoration
- Conduct baseline and long-term inventory (early detection surveys) of non-native species in training areas and at critical points in transportation network; Develop and implement invasive species rapid response plan for JRM AOR; Develop and implement Control and Removal SOPS for high-risk invasive species; Develop and implement bio-sanitation standards along with QA/QC standards; and Develop a programmatic pathway risk analysis for the movement of equipment and personnel between islands within JRM AOR. Strengthen coordination and collaboration with regional partners.
- OY2 awarded to CSU CEMML for CESU with Period of Performance of Sept 2016 – June 2020. CSU CEMML is primary contract vehicle for implementing biosecurity in JRM AOR. Capacity of CEMML increased in FY19 to include 6 new FTEs to total 14 FTEs. Military Inspections for all military cargo/equipment in support of training exercises and emergency relief efforts requiring interisland movements.
- OY2 awarded to CSU CEMML for CESU with Period of Performance of Sept 2016 – June 2020. CSU CEMML is primary contract vehicle for implementing biosecurity in JRM AOR. Capacity of CEMML increased in FY19 to include 6 new FTEs to total 14 FTEs. Military Inspections for all military cargo/equipment in support of training exercises and emergency relief efforts requiring interisland movements.
- Continued to conduct early detection surveys for invasive species (weeds, vertebrates, invertebrates) in military training areas and along DoD transportation network. Development and implementation of SOPs for control and management of high risk invasive species, including CRB, LFA, and Chromolaena odorata. Implementing specific BMPs in FY19 for LFA and CRB: CRB: Contract MOD of $160K for removal of 111 dead palms and 41 green waste piles at NBG and AAFB Purchasing of 250 CRB sentinel traps to be placed on AAFB and NBG. $100K award for USFS FY19 DoD Forest Pest Suppression grant to remove CRB breeding sites. Erected twelve (12) tekken netting CRB traps during Cope North 2019 exercise. LFA: Surveys for and eradication of all LFA found on DoD property
- OY2 awarded to CSU CEMML for CESU with Period of Performance of Sept 2016 – June 2020. CSU CEMML is primary contract vehicle for implementing biosecurity in JRM AOR. Capacity of CEMML increased in FY19 to include 6 new FTEs to total 14 FTEs. Military Inspections for all military cargo/equipment in support of training exercises and emergency relief efforts requiring interisland movements.
- OY2 awarded to CSU CEMML for CESU with Period of Performance of Sept 2016 – June 2020. CSU CEMML is primary contract vehicle for implementing biosecurity in JRM AOR. Capacity of CEMML increased in FY19 to include 6 new FTEs to total 14 FTEs. Military Inspections for all military cargo/equipment in support of training exercises and emergency relief efforts requiring interisland movements.
- OY2 awarded to CSU CEMML for CESU with Period of Performance of Sept 2016 – June 2020. CSU CEMML is primary contract vehicle for implementing biosecurity in JRM AOR. Capacity of CEMML increased in FY19 to include 6 new FTEs to total 14 FTEs. Military Inspections for all military cargo/equipment in support of training exercises and emergency relief efforts requiring interisland movements.
- OY2 awarded to CSU CEMML for CESU with Period of Performance of Sept 2016 – June 2020. CSU CEMML is primary contract vehicle for implementing biosecurity in JRM AOR. Capacity of CEMML increased in FY19 to include 6 new FTEs to total 14 FTEs. Military Inspections for all military cargo/equipment in support of training exercises and emergency relief efforts requiring interisland movements.
- OY2 awarded to CSU CEMML for CESU with Period of Performance of Sept 2016 – June 2020. CSU CEMML is primary contract vehicle for implementing biosecurity in JRM AOR. Capacity of CEMML increased in FY19 to include 6 new FTEs to total 14 FTEs. Military Inspections for all military cargo/equipment in support of training exercises and emergency relief efforts requiring interisland movements.
- OY2 awarded to CSU CEMML for CESU with Period of Performance of Sept 2016 – June 2020. CSU CEMML is primary contract vehicle for implementing biosecurity in JRM AOR. Capacity of CEMML increased in FY19 to include 6 new FTEs to total 14 FTEs. Military Inspections for all military cargo/equipment in support of training exercises and emergency relief efforts requiring interisland movements.
- OY2 awarded to CSU CEMML for CESU with Period of Performance of Sept 2016 – June 2020. CSU CEMML is primary contract vehicle for implementing biosecurity in JRM AOR. Capacity of CEMML increased in FY19 to include 6 new FTEs to total 14 FTEs. Military Inspections for all military cargo/equipment in support of training exercises and emergency relief efforts requiring interisland movements.
- Implementation of QA/QC inspections has largely been driven by our MITT BO requirements