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Family report-1
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- 2. Outline: • Family • Definition •Structures • Kinship Patterns • Authority Patterns • Sociological Perspectives • Functionalist • Conflict • Interactionist • Feminist • Marriage & Family • Courtship & Mate-Selections • Variations • Child-Rearing Patterns • Divorce • Factors • Impact on Children • Cohabitation • Remaining Single • Lesbian & Gay Relationship • Marriage Without Children
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- 4. FAMILY •A set ofpeople related by blood, marriage or some other agreed-upon relationship, or adoption, who share the primary responsibility for reproduction and caring for members of society.
- 5. FILIPINO FAMILIES •Generally FAMILY-ORIENTED •Manyactions, plans & goals in life of an individual are either affected or is centered upon the family •“Family success is the measure of a successful life for the Filipinos.” (Timbreza, 2003)
- 6. HOW FILIPINOS VIEWFAMILY? BICOLANOS “An harong man palasyo kun an laog kuwago, marhay pa ang payag na laog tao.” “A house may be a palace, but if the owner is an owl, better is a hut where the owner is a human being.” TAGALOG “Mabuti pa ang kubo na ang nakatira ay tao, kaysa isang bahay na bato na ang nakatira ay kuwago.” “A hut where a person lives is better than a house of stone where an owl resides.”
- 7. HOW FILIPINOS VIEWFAMILY? •The value is place upon the persons in the family rather than the economic influences as symbolize by the “house of stone” or the “palace”
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- 9. FAMILY STRUCTURES: FamilyForm •NUCLEAR FAMILY • The primary unit of all family types (others types evolve from this) • Consists of a married couple and their children • Generally, it is accepted as universal •EXTENDED FAMILY • includes additional generations beyond nuclear family, comprising grandparents, aunts/uncles, etc. living in the same household
- 10. • MONOGAMOUS MARRIAGES •one woman and one man are married only to each other. • SERIAL MONOGAMY – a person may have several spouses in her/her lifetime, but only one spouse at a time. FAMILY STRUCTURES: Marriage Form
- 11. • POLYGAMOUS MARRIAGES •wherein the person may have several husbands or wives simultaneously • Two Forms: • Polygyny —the marriage of a man to more than one woman at the same time. • Polyandry—women can have more than one husband at the same time. FAMILY STRUCTURES: Marriage Form
- 12. • The typicalFilipino family is MONOGAMOUS (except non- Christians (e.g. Moslems) • No matter if it is nuclear or extended, the same sense of solidarity is still observable even today. • During times of distress or problems, the Filipino family bond is exemplified by family members helping each other • In instances as such we can see that although most families nowadays (in urban areas) are essentially nuclear, functionally it is extended as kinsmen would identify each other & would likely help someone if they know they are related to a certain individual. FILIPINO FAMILIES
- 13. • ***KINSHIP -refers to the way in which the generations trace their identity FAMILY STRUCTURES: Kinship FAMILY KIN Household unit Do not always live together or function as a collective body on a daily basis
- 14. 3 Primary Waysin Identifying Kinship Groups • PATRILINEAL DESCENT • (Lt. pater, “father”) ; only the father’s relatives are important in terms of property, inheritance, and emotional ties • MARTILINEAL DESCENT • (Lt.mater, “mother”) ; only the mother’s relatives are significant. • BILATERAL DESCENT • both sides of a person’s family are regarded as equally important FAMILY STRUCTURES: Kinship
- 15. • Common: BILATERALDESCENT • “Close interaction including mutual help & support is expected of all relatives, irrespective of whether they belong to the paternal or maternal side.” FILIPINO FAMILIES
- 16. FAMILY STRUCTURES: AuthorityPatterns • PATRIARCHY – a society that expects males to dominate in all family decision making • MATRIARCHY – women have greater authority than men. • EGALITARIAN FAMILY – spouses are regarded as equals.
- 17. • Common: EGALITARIANFAMILY FILIPINO FAMILIES HUSBAND WIFE Generally as head In charge with the money & the organization in the house & its affairs
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- 19. FUNCTIONALIST VIEW •6 Functionsfor society (William F. Ogburn) 1. Reproduction 2. Protection 3. Socialization 4. Regulation of Sexual Behavior 5. Affection and Companionship 6. Provision of Social Status
- 20. CONFLICT VIEW •Family reflectsinequality in wealth and power found within society •Tradition: Male dominance in the family •View family as economic unit that contributes to social injustice
- 21. INTERACTIONIST VIEW •Focuses onmicro level of family and other intimate relationships •Interested in how individuals interact with each other, whether they are cohabiting partners or longtime married couples
- 22. FEMINIST VIEW •Interest infamily as social institution •Urge social scientists and agencies to rethink notion that families in which no adult male is present are automatically cause for concern •Feminist stress need to investigate neglected topics in family studies
- 23. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Functionalist • The familyas a contributor to social stability • Roles on family members Conflict • The family as a perpetuator of inequality • Transmission of wealth/poverty across generations Interactionist • Relationship among family members Feminist • Family as perpetuator of gender roles • Female-headed households
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- 25. MARRIAGE •Legally and formallyrecognized union of man and a woman as partners in a relationship. •Arranged Marriage – match maker •Forced Marriage – one or both parties married without the consent
- 26. BEFORE MARRIAGE A. MATESELECTION – selecting partners Basis: 1. Own Choice – considering personal feelings/emotion. 2. Other’s Opinion – considering status of living.
- 27. “MARRIAGE MARKET” • Refersto the underlying assumption that we make choice about dating and marriage partners in kind of free market situations 1. BARGAINING - lowering your self-value, in order to easily find a partner (Ages at 30’s) 2. CONTEMPORARY SELECTION – wherein gender roles play a significant role in selecting partner (Right age or ages at late 20’s)
- 28. BEFORE MARRIAGE B. COURTSHIP– Act wooing in love; solicitation of individual to marriage Some ways of courting: 1. Traditional – honoring/ giving respect to family of the girl 2. Artistic Way – through letters or writings/music or simply serenade. 3. Technology –through internet computer and cellphones (informal way)
- 29. COURTSHIP FLOW (Before) Askingpermission from parents Formal courting Informal courting
- 30. COURTSHIP FLOW (Now) Informalcourting Formal courting Asking permission from parents
- 31. COURTSHIP FLOW (Before): Based on Interviews Asking permission from parents (To COURT their daughter) Formal courting Informal courting
- 32. COURTSHIP FLOW (Now):Based on Interviews Informal courting Formal courting Asking permission from parents (To MARRY their daughter)
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- 34. PARENTHOOD Process of promotingand supporting the physical, emotional, social, financial, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood
- 35. PARENTHOOD WAYS OF PARENTING 1.Authoritarian –control children’s behavior, obedience above all else. - rely on authority figures, low self-esteem and higher rates of depression 2. Authoritative – set limits and tells the importance of rules - produces independence and confidence to children 3. Permissive – indulgent child-rearing, involves lot of love, support and sensitivity - few expectation & few demands on the child 4. Uninvolved–child learn not to rely on parents - most harmful
- 36. Parenting of BicolanoFamilies depends on: • Status of living (mostly) • High class Family – either Authoritarian or Uninvolved • Middle class Family –either Authoritarian or Authoritative • Lower class Family – either Permissive and Uninvolved • Toplaces or environment • Rural Area - mostly authoritative • Urban Area – mostly authoritarian • Age of the child • Minor – either Authoritarian or Authoritative • Legal – either Permissive or Uninvolved • Background experience of parents • Apply the same way or change it for good
- 37. DUAL-INCOME FAMILIES Household wherethere are two incomes and no children
- 38. ADOPTION Process whereby aperson assumes the parenting of another. Permanents transfer of rights and responsibility w/ filiation from the biological parents.
- 39. SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES An uncoupledindividual who shoulders most or all of the day to day responsibility for raising a child or children due to divorce or unplanned pregnancy
- 40. STEP-FAMILIES (BLENDED FAMILIES) A familythat is formed in the remarriage of a divorced or widowed person and that includes one or more children.
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- 43. No fault divorcelaw are becoming more popular. Many states have adopted more liberal divorce law.
- 44. Divorce has becomea more practical option in newly formed families, since families tend to have fewer children now than in the past.
- 45. An improvement onthe standard of living means that costly divorce proceedings are more affordable now
- 46. As society providesgreater opportunities for women, more and more wives are becoming less dependent on their husbands, both economically and emotionally They may feel more able to leave the marriage if seems hopeless
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- 48. Adultery Having a sexualrelationship with another person other than you spouse.
- 49. Financial Difficulties Financial problemsor financial pressure is a situation where money worries are causing you stress. Many people are facing hard financial times and the impact on mental health can be significant.
- 50. Work Stress andObligations Work stress is a big factor that leads couples to go their own ways. Whether one or both spouses have demanding, all-encompassing jobs, this can, over time, lessen or sever the bond that originally brought them together.
- 51. Depression People who aredepressed often don’t seek treatment, and their spouse silently puts up with the problem, growing more distant or resentful every day.
- 52. Addictions When one spousebecomes addicted, whether it’s to gambling, drinking, the Internet, or other, the road to recovery is often a long and painful one.
- 53. Impacts of Divorceon Children
- 54. Children “Most of thetime children are the losers in a divorce.”
- 55. Stress Can lead toanxiety, depression, substance abuse, delinquent behavior and teen pregnancy by the girls. Sometimes, the children even make suicide attempts.
- 56. Other effects ofstress are… • Concentration problems • Attention problems • Academic problems • Anger problems • Sleeping disorders
- 57. Blaming one’s self “It’smy fault that my parents are divorcing.” There must be something wrong with me.” “If I do X,Y or Z, I can get my parents back together again.”
- 58. Cohabitation The practice ofliving together as a male-female couple without marrying
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- 60. Remaining Single • Somemen and women do not want to become highly dependent on any one person • Some do not want to limit their sexual intimacy • Less likely to suffer from stress and depression
- 61. Remaining Single • Singlelifestyle can offer certain freedoms Have a relatively good income Plenty of friends Can pursue and develop career Can enjoy personal privacy
- 62. Lesbian and GayRelationships
- 63. Lesbian and GayRelationships • Birth Control • Potential Couples • Understand Opposite feelings • More responsible & committed than straight parents • Show enviable characteristics
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- 65. Marriage without Children •When it comes to romantic relationships… “Child-free couples are happier with their relationships and happier with their partner than those who are parents” - Jacqui Gabb
- 66. Marriage without Children •Ability to sleep late • Finance • All-Fun • Youthful Looks • Less Worry • Mobility • Enjoy their freedom