Family

1. FAMILY

2. Outline:
• Family
• Definition
• Structures
• Kinship Patterns
• Authority Patterns
• Sociological Perspectives
• Functionalist
• Conflict
• Interactionist
• Feminist
• Marriage & Family
• Courtship & Mate-Selections
• Variations
• Child-Rearing Patterns
• Divorce
• Factors
• Impact on Children
• Cohabitation
• Remaining Single
• Lesbian & Gay Relationship
• Marriage Without Children

3. WHAT IS FAMILY?

4. FAMILY
•A set of people related by blood, marriage or
some other agreed-upon relationship, or
adoption, who share the primary responsibility
for reproduction and caring for members of
society.

5. FILIPINO FAMILIES
•Generally FAMILY-ORIENTED
•Many actions, plans & goals in life of an
individual are either affected or is centered upon
the family
•“Family success is the measure of a successful life
for the Filipinos.” (Timbreza, 2003)

6. HOW FILIPINOS VIEW FAMILY?
BICOLANOS
“An harong man palasyo kun
an laog kuwago, marhay pa
ang payag na laog tao.”
“A house may be a palace, but if the
owner is an owl, better is a hut where the
owner is a human being.”
TAGALOG
“Mabuti pa ang kubo na ang
nakatira ay tao, kaysa isang
bahay na bato na ang nakatira
ay kuwago.”
“A hut where a person lives is better than
a house of stone where an owl resides.”

7. HOW FILIPINOS VIEW FAMILY?
•The value is place upon the persons in the family
rather than the economic influences as
symbolize by the “house of stone” or the “palace”

8. FAMILY
STRUCTURES

9. FAMILY STRUCTURES: Family Form
•NUCLEAR FAMILY
• The primary unit of all family types (others types evolve from this)
• Consists of a married couple and their children
• Generally, it is accepted as universal
•EXTENDED FAMILY
• includes additional generations beyond nuclear family, comprising
grandparents, aunts/uncles, etc. living in the same household

10. • MONOGAMOUS MARRIAGES
• one woman and one man are married only to each other.
• SERIAL MONOGAMY – a person may have several spouses in
her/her lifetime, but only one spouse at a time.
FAMILY STRUCTURES: Marriage Form

11. • POLYGAMOUS MARRIAGES
• wherein the person may have several husbands or wives
simultaneously
• Two Forms:
• Polygyny —the marriage of a man to more than one woman
at the same time.
• Polyandry—women can have more than one husband at the
same time.
FAMILY STRUCTURES: Marriage Form

12. • The typical Filipino family is MONOGAMOUS (except non-
Christians (e.g. Moslems)
• No matter if it is nuclear or extended, the same sense of solidarity is
still observable even today.
• During times of distress or problems, the Filipino family bond is
exemplified by family members helping each other
• In instances as such we can see that although most families
nowadays (in urban areas) are essentially nuclear, functionally it is
extended as kinsmen would identify each other & would likely help
someone if they know they are related to a certain individual.
FILIPINO FAMILIES

13. • ***KINSHIP - refers to the way in which the generations
trace their identity
FAMILY STRUCTURES: Kinship
FAMILY KIN
Household unit Do not always live
together or function as a
collective body on a daily
basis

14. 3 Primary Ways in Identifying Kinship Groups
• PATRILINEAL DESCENT
• (Lt. pater, “father”) ; only the father’s relatives are important in
terms of property, inheritance, and emotional ties
• MARTILINEAL DESCENT
• (Lt.mater, “mother”) ; only the mother’s relatives are significant.
• BILATERAL DESCENT
• both sides of a person’s family are regarded as equally important
FAMILY STRUCTURES: Kinship

15. • Common: BILATERAL DESCENT
• “Close interaction including mutual help & support is expected of all
relatives, irrespective of whether they belong to the paternal or
maternal side.”
FILIPINO FAMILIES

16. FAMILY STRUCTURES: Authority Patterns
• PATRIARCHY – a society that expects males to dominate in
all family decision making
• MATRIARCHY – women have greater authority than men.
• EGALITARIAN FAMILY – spouses are regarded as equals.

17. • Common: EGALITARIAN FAMILY
FILIPINO FAMILIES
HUSBAND WIFE
Generally as head In charge with the money
& the organization in the
house & its affairs

18. SOCIOLOGICAL
PERSPEECTIVES

19. FUNCTIONALIST VIEW
•6 Functions for society (William F. Ogburn)
1. Reproduction
2. Protection
3. Socialization
4. Regulation of Sexual Behavior
5. Affection and Companionship
6. Provision of Social Status

20. CONFLICT VIEW
•Family reflects inequality in wealth and power
found within society
•Tradition: Male dominance in the family
•View family as economic unit that contributes to
social injustice

21. INTERACTIONIST VIEW
•Focuses on micro level of family and other
intimate relationships
•Interested in how individuals interact with each
other, whether they are cohabiting partners or
longtime married couples

22. FEMINIST VIEW
•Interest in family as social institution
•Urge social scientists and agencies to rethink
notion that families in which no adult male is
present are automatically cause for concern
•Feminist stress need to investigate neglected
topics in family studies

23. SOCIOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVE
Functionalist
• The family as a contributor to social stability
• Roles on family members
Conflict
• The family as a perpetuator of inequality
• Transmission of wealth/poverty across
generations
Interactionist • Relationship among family members
Feminist
• Family as perpetuator of gender roles
• Female-headed households

24. MARRIAGE

25. MARRIAGE
•Legally and formally recognized union of man
and a woman as partners in a relationship.
•Arranged Marriage – match maker
•Forced Marriage – one or both parties married
without the consent

26. BEFORE MARRIAGE
A. MATE SELECTION – selecting partners
Basis:
1. Own Choice – considering personal feelings/emotion.
2. Other’s Opinion – considering status of living.

27. “MARRIAGE MARKET”
• Refers to the underlying assumption that we
make choice about dating and marriage partners
in kind of free market situations
1. BARGAINING - lowering your self-value, in order to
easily find a partner (Ages at 30’s)
2. CONTEMPORARY SELECTION – wherein
gender roles play a significant role in selecting
partner (Right age or ages at late 20’s)

28. BEFORE MARRIAGE
B. COURTSHIP – Act wooing in love; solicitation of
individual to marriage
Some ways of courting:
1. Traditional – honoring/ giving respect to family of the girl
2. Artistic Way – through letters or writings/music or simply
serenade.
3. Technology –through internet computer and cellphones
(informal way)

29. COURTSHIP FLOW (Before)
Asking permission from parents
Formal courting
Informal courting

30. COURTSHIP FLOW (Now)
Informal courting
Formal courting
Asking permission from parents

31. COURTSHIP FLOW (Before) : Based
on Interviews
Asking permission from parents
(To COURT their daughter)
Formal courting
Informal courting

32. COURTSHIP FLOW (Now): Based on
Interviews
Informal courting
Formal courting
Asking permission from parents
(To MARRY their daughter)

33. CHILD-REARING PATTERNS
Parenthood
Dual-Income Families
AdoptionStep-Families
Single-Parent Families

34. PARENTHOOD
Process of promoting and supporting the
physical, emotional, social, financial, and
intellectual development of a child from infancy
to adulthood

35. PARENTHOOD
WAYS OF PARENTING
1. Authoritarian –control children’s behavior, obedience above all else.
- rely on authority figures, low self-esteem and higher
rates of depression
2. Authoritative – set limits and tells the importance of rules
- produces independence and confidence to children
3. Permissive – indulgent child-rearing, involves lot of love, support and
sensitivity
- few expectation & few demands on the child
4. Uninvolved–child learn not to rely on parents
- most harmful

36. Parenting of Bicolano Families
depends on:
• Status of living (mostly)
• High class Family – either Authoritarian or Uninvolved
• Middle class Family –either Authoritarian or Authoritative
• Lower class Family – either Permissive and Uninvolved
• Toplaces or environment
• Rural Area - mostly authoritative
• Urban Area – mostly authoritarian
• Age of the child
• Minor – either Authoritarian or Authoritative
• Legal – either Permissive or Uninvolved
• Background experience of parents
• Apply the same way or change it for good

37. DUAL-INCOME FAMILIES
Household where there are two incomes and no
children

38. ADOPTION
Process whereby a person assumes the parenting
of another.
Permanents transfer of rights and responsibility
w/ filiation from the biological parents.

39. SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES
An uncoupled individual who shoulders most or
all of the day to day responsibility for raising a
child or children due to divorce or unplanned
pregnancy

40. STEP-FAMILIES (BLENDED
FAMILIES)
A family that is formed in the remarriage of a
divorced or widowed person and that includes
one or more children.

41. REFERENCES:

42. Factors Associated with
Divorce

43. No fault divorce law are
becoming more popular.
Many states have adopted
more liberal divorce law.

44. Divorce has become a more
practical option in newly formed
families, since families tend to
have fewer children now than in
the past.

45. An improvement on the
standard of living means that
costly divorce proceedings are
more affordable now

46. As society provides greater
opportunities for women, more and
more wives are becoming less
dependent on their husbands, both
economically and emotionally
They may feel more able to leave the
marriage if seems hopeless

47. Causes of Divorce

48. Adultery
Having a sexual relationship with another person other than you spouse.

49. Financial Difficulties
Financial problems or financial pressure is a situation where money
worries are causing you stress. Many people are facing hard financial
times and the impact on mental health can be significant.

50. Work Stress and Obligations
Work stress is a big factor that leads couples to go their own ways.
Whether one or both spouses have demanding, all-encompassing jobs,
this can, over time, lessen or sever the bond that originally brought
them together.

51. Depression
People who are depressed often don’t seek treatment, and their spouse
silently puts up with the problem, growing more distant or resentful
every day.

52. Addictions
When one spouse becomes addicted, whether it’s to gambling, drinking,
the Internet, or other, the road to recovery is often a long and painful
one.

53. Impacts of Divorce on
Children

54. Children
“Most of the time children are the losers in a divorce.”

55. Stress
Can lead to anxiety, depression, substance abuse, delinquent behavior
and teen pregnancy by the girls. Sometimes, the children even make
suicide attempts.

56. Other effects of stress are…
• Concentration problems
• Attention problems
• Academic problems
• Anger problems
• Sleeping disorders

57. Blaming one’s self
“It’s my fault that my parents are divorcing.” There must be something
wrong with me.” “If I do X,Y or Z, I can get my parents back together
again.”

58. Cohabitation
The practice of living together as a male-female couple without
marrying

59. Remaining Single

60. Remaining Single
• Some men and women do not want to
become highly dependent on any one
person
• Some do not want to limit their sexual
intimacy
• Less likely to suffer from stress and
depression

61. Remaining Single
• Single lifestyle can offer certain
freedoms
 Have a relatively good income
 Plenty of friends
 Can pursue and develop career
Can enjoy personal privacy

62. Lesbian and Gay Relationships

63. Lesbian and Gay Relationships
• Birth Control
• Potential Couples
• Understand Opposite
feelings
• More responsible &
committed than
straight parents
• Show enviable
characteristics

64. Marriage without Children

65. Marriage without Children
• When it comes to romantic relationships…
“Child-free couples are happier with their relationships and happier
with their partner than those who are parents”
- Jacqui Gabb

66. Marriage without Children
• Ability to sleep late
• Finance
• All-Fun
• Youthful Looks
• Less Worry
• Mobility
• Enjoy their freedom