[RTCA21] Clean Air Zones: where did they come from and where are they headed?, Katie Neild, Client Earth
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Clean Air Zone schemes are being launched in towns and cities across the country to tackle illegal levels of air pollution. Katie will be looking back at where CAZs came from, take stock of what they have achieved so far, and share ideas about what the future holds for them as a tool for change.
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[RTCA21] Clean Air Zones: where did they come from and where are they headed?, Katie Neild, Client Earth
- 1. Clean Air Zones: Where did they come from and where are they going to? Katie Nield, UK CleanAir Lawyer
- 2. Clean Air Zones Where did they come from? Source: pexels.com
- 3. The legal imperative… 184 Air Quality Standards Regulations 2010 • Reg 17 – sets limit values • Reg 26 – requires air quality plans to ensure compliance in “the shortest possible time” …establishes the Secretary of State as the responsible authority Pollutant Period Limit values (μg/m3) NO2 1 year 40 1 hour 200 (18x/year) PM10 1 year 40 24 hours 50 (35x/year) PM2.5 1 year 25
- 4. NO2 limit value complianc e deadline CE launches first legal challenge CJEU judgment Supreme Court orders new AQP 2015 AQP published High Court orders new AQP 2017 AQP published High Court orders supplemen tal AQP Supp’ AQP A decade of legal action and plan-making… 185 2010 2011 Nov 2014 Apr 2015 Dec 2015 Nov 2016 Jul 2017 Feb 2018 Oct 2018
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- 10. 191 Birmingham Leeds Southampto n Derby Nottingham Basildon Borough Council Bath and North East Somerset Council Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council Bristol City Council Bury Metropolitan Borough Council Coventry City Council Fareham Borough Council Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council Guildford Borough Council Manchester City Council Middlesbrough Borough Council New Forest District Council Newcastle City Council North Tyneside Council Rochford District Council Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council Rushmoor Borough Council Salford City Council Sheffield City Council Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council Surrey Heath Borough Council Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council Ashfield District Council Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council Blaby District Council Bolsover District Council Bournemouth Borough Council City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council Broxbourne Borough Council Burnley Borough Council Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council Cheltenham Borough Council Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council Kirklees Council Leicester City Council Liverpool City Council Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council Oldham Council Oxford City Council Peterborough City Council Plymouth City Council Poole Borough Council Portsmouth City Council Reading Borough Council Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council South Gloucestershire Council South Tyneside Council Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Stoke-on-Trent City Council Sunderland City Council Wakefield Metropolitan Borough Council Walsall Council City of Wolverhampton Council “the First Wave” “the Second Wave” “the Third Wave” Birmingham Leeds Southampton Derby Nottingham Basildon Borough Council Bath and North East Somerset Council Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council Bristol City Council Bury Metropolitan Borough Council Coventry City Council Fareham Borough Council Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council Guildford Borough Council Manchester City Council Middlesbrough Borough Council New Forest District Council Newcastle City Council North Tyneside Council Rochford District Council Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council Rushmoor Borough Council Salford City Council Sheffield City Council Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council Surrey Heath Borough Council Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council Ashfield District Council Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council Blaby District Council Bolsover District Council Bournemouth Borough Council City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council Broxbourne Borough Council Burnley Borough Council Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council Cheltenham Borough Council Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council Kirklees Council Leicester City Council Liverpool City Council Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council Oldham Council Oxford City Council Peterborough City Council Plymouth City Council Poole Borough Council Portsmouth City Council Reading Borough Council Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council South Gloucestershire Council South Tyneside Council Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Stoke-on-Trent City Council Sunderland City Council Wakefield Metropolitan Borough Council Walsall Council City of Wolverhampton Council “the First Wave” “the Second Wave” “the Third Wave”
- 11. NO2 limit value complianc e deadline CE launches first legal challenge CJEU judgment Supreme Court orders new AQP 2015 AQP published High Court orders new AQP 2017 AQP published High Court orders supplemen tal AQP Supp’ AQP A decade of legal action and plan-making… 192 2010 2011 Nov 2014 Apr 2015 Dec 2015 Nov 2016 Jul 2017 Feb 2018 Oct 2018
- 12. Clean Air Zones Where have they got to? Source: pexels.com
- 13. 194 Birmingham Leeds Southampto n Derby Nottingham Basildon Borough Council Bath and North East Somerset Council Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council Bristol City Council Bury Metropolitan Borough Council Coventry City Council Fareham Borough Council Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council Guildford Borough Council Manchester City Council Middlesbrough Borough Council New Forest District Council Newcastle City Council North Tyneside Council Rochford District Council Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council Rushmoor Borough Council Salford City Council Sheffield City Council Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council Surrey Heath Borough Council Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council Ashfield District Council Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council Blaby District Council Bolsover District Council Bournemouth Borough Council City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council Broxbourne Borough Council Burnley Borough Council Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council Cheltenham Borough Council Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council Kirklees Council Leicester City Council Liverpool City Council Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council Oldham Council Oxford City Council Peterborough City Council Plymouth City Council Poole Borough Council Portsmouth City Council Reading Borough Council Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council South Gloucestershire Council South Tyneside Council Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Stoke-on-Trent City Council Sunderland City Council Wakefield Metropolitan Borough Council Walsall Council City of Wolverhampton Council “the First Wave” “the Second Wave” “the Third Wave” Birmingham Leeds Southampton Derby Nottingham Basildon Borough Council Bath and North East Somerset Council Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council Bristol City Council Bury Metropolitan Borough Council Coventry City Council Fareham Borough Council Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council Guildford Borough Council Manchester City Council Middlesbrough Borough Council New Forest District Council Newcastle City Council North Tyneside Council Rochford District Council Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council Rushmoor Borough Council Salford City Council Sheffield City Council Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council Surrey Heath Borough Council Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council Ashfield District Council Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council Blaby District Council Bolsover District Council Bournemouth Borough Council City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council Broxbourne Borough Council Burnley Borough Council Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council Cheltenham Borough Council Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council Kirklees Council Leicester City Council Liverpool City Council Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council Oldham Council Oxford City Council Peterborough City Council Plymouth City Council Poole Borough Council Portsmouth City Council Reading Borough Council Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council South Gloucestershire Council South Tyneside Council Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Stoke-on-Trent City Council Sunderland City Council Wakefield Metropolitan Borough Council Walsall Council City of Wolverhampton Council “the First Wave” “the Second Wave” “the Third Wave”
- 14. A story of dither and delay… 195 • Tussles between central and local government (e.g. Bristol) • The Covid effect (e.g. Sheffield and Newcastle) • Modelling modelling modelling, and then some more modelling • Constantly extended plan-making deadlines • Lack of political leadership
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- 17. More on the horizon… 198 • Portsmouth (class B; November 2021) • Bradford (class C; January 2022) • Sheffield (class C; ???) • Newcastle (class C; July 2022) • Bristol (class D; summer 2022) • Greater Manchester (class B/C; May 2022) • Liverpool (class C/D; January 2023?) • Stoke-on-Trent (class C; end of 2022?)
- 18. 199 “…NO2 concentrations at roadside locations in central London were on average 29 µg/m3 lower, equating to a reduction of 37 per cent, compared to a scenario where there was no ULEZ…”
- 19. Clean Air Zones Where are they headed? Source: pexels.com
- 20. A tool for long term change? 201 • Some LAs are suggesting that CAZs will be decommissioned once compliance is achieved. This is shortsighted. • New WHO guidelines this year could provide fresh impetus for more ambitious and widespread CAZs to make towns and cities healthier places to live. • In the long term, CAZs could provide a stepping stone to zero emission zones, as a tool to accelerate transport decarbonisation.
- 21. A new kind of legal action Seeking justice for the real life impacts of inaction on NO2 Source: pexels.com
- 22. 203 • Over decade of illegal levels of NO2 has had real life impacts on peoples’ health • ClientEarth is working with law firm Hausfeld to help people seek compensation for the harm they have suffered • We are looking for people who live in illegally polluted areas, and who have health conditions that could be linked to NO2 pollution – such as asthma • This could be a ground-breaking way for people to get justice and the change to push for change, but requires individuals to come forward with their stories
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- 25. Questions? Katie Nield Lead Clean Air Lawyer for UK and Western Europe knield@clientearth.org