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1-1. Bylgjur, almennt
KEN203 - Námskrár starfsgreina, námsefnisgerð & námsmat, vor 2015
Námsgagnagerð, verkefni 2
Halldór Berg Sæmundsson
Steingrímur B. Gunnarsson
• Dæmi um bylgjur sem við sjáum eða heyrum:
• Öldur á yfirborði vatns
• Ljós, er bylgjuhreyfing rafsegulbylgna á tíðnisviði sem augun skynja
• Hljóð, er bylgjuhreyfing sem eyru okkar skynja
• Jarðskjálftabylgjur, skynjum við sem titring þegar jörðin skelfur
• Bylgjur sem við hvorki sjáum eða heyrum án
tæknibúnaðar:
• Rafsegulbylgjur, útvarpsbylgjur, örbylgjur, Röntgenbylgjur
1-1. Bylgjur, almennt
KEN203 - Námskrár starfsgreina, námsefnisgerð & námsmat, vor 2015
Námsgagnagerð, verkefni 2
Halldór Berg Sæmundsson
Steingrímur B. Gunnarsson
flokkun 1
• Efnisbylgjur (e. mechanical waves),
• t.d.: vatnsbylgjur, hljóðbylgjur og
jarðskjálftabylgjur, sem nota burðarefni
• Rafsegulbylgjur (e. Electromagnetic waves),
• sem þurfa ekki á burðarefni að halda
Bylgjum er oft skipt í tvo flokka eftir því
hvort þær þurfa burðarefni til þess að
ferðast í eða ekki:
1-1. Bylgjur, almennt
KEN203 - Námskrár starfsgreina, námsefnisgerð & námsmat, vor 2015
Námsgagnagerð, verkefni 2
Halldór Berg Sæmundsson
Steingrímur B. Gunnarsson
flokkun 2
• Þverbylgjur
• Sveiflan er hornrétt á útbreiðslustefnuni í
henni
• Vatnsbylgjur, rafsegulbylgjur, sumar
jarðskjálftabylgjur
• Langsbylgjur
• Sveiflan er samsíða útbreiðslustefnu
• Hljóðbylgjur
Bylgjur má einnig flokka eftir sveiflunni sem skapar þær
og sveiflu agnanna í hennni:
1-1. Bylgjur, almennt
KEN203 - Námskrár starfsgreina, námsefnisgerð & námsmat, vor 2015
Námsgagnagerð, verkefni 2
Halldór Berg Sæmundsson
Steingrímur B. Gunnarsson
flokkun 3
• Einvíðar bylgjur
• Bylgjur á streng eða gormi
Í einni, tveim eða þrem víddum !
• Tvívíðar bylgjur
• Bylgjur á yfirborði vatns
• Þrívíðar bylgjur
• Bylgjur í þrívíðum miðli; hljóð, jarðskjálftabylgjur,
flestar ljósbylgjur
• Bylgjan breiðist út í „allar áttir!“ frá upphafsstað
1-1. Bylgjur, almennt
KEN203 - Námskrár starfsgreina, námsefnisgerð & námsmat, vor 2015
Námsgagnagerð, verkefni 2
Halldór Berg Sæmundsson
Steingrímur B. Gunnarsson
meginhugtök
• Bylgjulengd
• Bylgjuhraði
• Bylgjupúls
• Bylgjubrot
• Bylgjubeygja
• Endurvarp bylgju
• Stæð bylgja
• Reglubundin bylgja
• Bylgjuvíxl (samliðun- samlagning- eða
samspil bylgna)
• Herma
• Resonance
• Eigintíðni
• Meðsveifla
• Sveifluvídd
• Sveiflutími
• Tíðni
• Styrkur (e. amplitude)
• Jafnvægisstaða – þegar hluturinn er „kyrr“
…hreyfist ekki
1-1. Bylgjur, almennt
KEN203 - Námskrár starfsgreina, námsefnisgerð & námsmat, vor 2015
Námsgagnagerð, verkefni 2
Halldór Berg Sæmundsson
Steingrímur B. Gunnarsson
• Bylgjulengdin er margfeldi af bylgjuhraða og sveiflutíma:
• λ = v ∗ T
λBylgjulengd
Sveifluvídd
Jafnvægisstaða
ÚtbreiðslustefnaStyrkur
Tími
• Orka/styrkur í sveiflu ræðst af
sveifluvíddinni
• Sveifluvídd segir til um hve langt frá
jafnvægisstöðu efnisagnir sveiflast
• Eining fyrir bylgjulengd er m

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1 1 bylgjur-almennt

  • 1. 1-1. Bylgjur, almennt KEN203 - Námskrár starfsgreina, námsefnisgerð & námsmat, vor 2015 Námsgagnagerð, verkefni 2 Halldór Berg Sæmundsson Steingrímur B. Gunnarsson • Dæmi um bylgjur sem við sjáum eða heyrum: • Öldur á yfirborði vatns • Ljós, er bylgjuhreyfing rafsegulbylgna á tíðnisviði sem augun skynja • Hljóð, er bylgjuhreyfing sem eyru okkar skynja • Jarðskjálftabylgjur, skynjum við sem titring þegar jörðin skelfur • Bylgjur sem við hvorki sjáum eða heyrum án tæknibúnaðar: • Rafsegulbylgjur, útvarpsbylgjur, örbylgjur, Röntgenbylgjur
  • 2. 1-1. Bylgjur, almennt KEN203 - Námskrár starfsgreina, námsefnisgerð & námsmat, vor 2015 Námsgagnagerð, verkefni 2 Halldór Berg Sæmundsson Steingrímur B. Gunnarsson flokkun 1 • Efnisbylgjur (e. mechanical waves), • t.d.: vatnsbylgjur, hljóðbylgjur og jarðskjálftabylgjur, sem nota burðarefni • Rafsegulbylgjur (e. Electromagnetic waves), • sem þurfa ekki á burðarefni að halda Bylgjum er oft skipt í tvo flokka eftir því hvort þær þurfa burðarefni til þess að ferðast í eða ekki:
  • 3. 1-1. Bylgjur, almennt KEN203 - Námskrár starfsgreina, námsefnisgerð & námsmat, vor 2015 Námsgagnagerð, verkefni 2 Halldór Berg Sæmundsson Steingrímur B. Gunnarsson flokkun 2 • Þverbylgjur • Sveiflan er hornrétt á útbreiðslustefnuni í henni • Vatnsbylgjur, rafsegulbylgjur, sumar jarðskjálftabylgjur • Langsbylgjur • Sveiflan er samsíða útbreiðslustefnu • Hljóðbylgjur Bylgjur má einnig flokka eftir sveiflunni sem skapar þær og sveiflu agnanna í hennni:
  • 4. 1-1. Bylgjur, almennt KEN203 - Námskrár starfsgreina, námsefnisgerð & námsmat, vor 2015 Námsgagnagerð, verkefni 2 Halldór Berg Sæmundsson Steingrímur B. Gunnarsson flokkun 3 • Einvíðar bylgjur • Bylgjur á streng eða gormi Í einni, tveim eða þrem víddum ! • Tvívíðar bylgjur • Bylgjur á yfirborði vatns • Þrívíðar bylgjur • Bylgjur í þrívíðum miðli; hljóð, jarðskjálftabylgjur, flestar ljósbylgjur • Bylgjan breiðist út í „allar áttir!“ frá upphafsstað
  • 5. 1-1. Bylgjur, almennt KEN203 - Námskrár starfsgreina, námsefnisgerð & námsmat, vor 2015 Námsgagnagerð, verkefni 2 Halldór Berg Sæmundsson Steingrímur B. Gunnarsson meginhugtök • Bylgjulengd • Bylgjuhraði • Bylgjupúls • Bylgjubrot • Bylgjubeygja • Endurvarp bylgju • Stæð bylgja • Reglubundin bylgja • Bylgjuvíxl (samliðun- samlagning- eða samspil bylgna) • Herma • Resonance • Eigintíðni • Meðsveifla • Sveifluvídd • Sveiflutími • Tíðni • Styrkur (e. amplitude) • Jafnvægisstaða – þegar hluturinn er „kyrr“ …hreyfist ekki
  • 6. 1-1. Bylgjur, almennt KEN203 - Námskrár starfsgreina, námsefnisgerð & námsmat, vor 2015 Námsgagnagerð, verkefni 2 Halldór Berg Sæmundsson Steingrímur B. Gunnarsson • Bylgjulengdin er margfeldi af bylgjuhraða og sveiflutíma: • λ = v ∗ T λBylgjulengd Sveifluvídd Jafnvægisstaða ÚtbreiðslustefnaStyrkur Tími • Orka/styrkur í sveiflu ræðst af sveifluvíddinni • Sveifluvídd segir til um hve langt frá jafnvægisstöðu efnisagnir sveiflast • Eining fyrir bylgjulengd er m