The document describes a project to design a low-cost, solar-powered water distillation device for areas in Africa without access to clean drinking water. Over 1 billion people worldwide lack clean water access, including 26.8% in Africa. The device aims to produce 2-4 gallons of clean water per day using solar energy. A thermal circuit model was developed and validated to ensure efficient heating and evaporation. The final prototype design includes mirrors to reflect sunlight, adjustable legs, and easy collection and cleaning. Future plans include testing the prototype and marketing to organizations providing humanitarian aid.

1. Sachin Kadam(SK) BhiwandiSachin Kadam(SK) Bhiwandi
www.sachinkadam.webself.netwww.sachinkadam.webself.net

2. Solar Powered WaterSolar Powered Water
Distillation DeviceDistillation Device
Eric Frasch, Mike Santorella, Mikio Yanagisawa, Stephen CoffrinEric Frasch, Mike Santorella, Mikio Yanagisawa, Stephen Coffrin
Advisor: ProfessorAdvisor: Professor Mohammed TaslimMohammed Taslim

3. Problem StatementProblem Statement
• Over 1 billion peopleOver 1 billion people
without access to cleanwithout access to clean
water worldwidewater worldwide
• 26.8% in Africa26.8% in Africa
• Clean water essential toClean water essential to
stop spread of disease &stop spread of disease &
improve overall healthimprove overall health
• Solar energy = untappedSolar energy = untapped
resourceresource

4. Project StatementProject Statement
• Design low cost, solarDesign low cost, solar
powered waterpowered water
distillation device fordistillation device for
coastal areas of Africacoastal areas of Africa
without access to cleanwithout access to clean
drinking waterdrinking water

5. Project GoalsProject Goals
• Solar poweredSolar powered
• AffordableAffordable
• 2-4 gallons per day2-4 gallons per day
• PracticalPractical
• EfficientEfficient
• Easy to cleanEasy to clean

6. Water DistillationWater Distillation
• Process that removes impurities & contaminantsProcess that removes impurities & contaminants
• How?How?
– Heat water to point of vaporizationHeat water to point of vaporization
– Water vapor condenses on cooler surfacesWater vapor condenses on cooler surfaces
– Condensate runs off into collection binCondensate runs off into collection bin

7. Patent & Periodical ResearchPatent & Periodical Research
ResultsResults
• Beneficial IdeasBeneficial Ideas
– TroughsTroughs
– Water height < 2 cmWater height < 2 cm
– MirrorsMirrors
• Beneficial InformationBeneficial Information
– Asymmetrical superiorAsymmetrical superior
to other designsto other designs
– 30% more efficient30% more efficient

8. Market SearchMarket Search
Rainmaker 550
TM
•Unit Cost - $479.00•Estimated cost $400-$600
•Built & supplied by aid
organization
El Paso Solar Energy
Association (EPSEA) Aid Project
•Not currently in
production
•Very low output
The Water Cone®

9. Thermal CircuitThermal Circuit
• Energy balance at water,Energy balance at water,
glass, and air insideglass, and air inside
• Spreadsheet programSpreadsheet program
developeddeveloped
• InputsInputs  OutputOutput
temperaturestemperatures
• Results: 2 gallon outputResults: 2 gallon output
requires ~ 1 mrequires ~ 1 m22

10. Thermal Circuit ValidationThermal Circuit Validation
• Est. Solar Rad: 1.8Est. Solar Rad: 1.8
kWhr/mkWhr/m22
• Input 2 LInput 2 L
• Output 200 mLOutput 200 mL
• Windspeed, TWindspeed, T∞∞, and other, and other
inputs entered intoinputs entered into
programprogram
2nd
Prototype

11. Results: Twater > Tair > Tglass > T∞

12. Design OutlineDesign Outline
Input Tank
Reflective
Walls
Adjustable
Legs
Output Tank
Float Valve
Troughs
Collection Unit
Insulation

13. Basin FeaturesBasin Features
• MirrorsMirrors
• Slotted traySlotted tray
– Min. volume with max. surfaceMin. volume with max. surface
areaarea
• Black body surfaceBlack body surface
• Easy to levelEasy to level
– Adjustable legsAdjustable legs
– Mounted levelsMounted levels
• Max. water depth: 1.5 – 2 cmMax. water depth: 1.5 – 2 cm
– Regulated by float valveRegulated by float valve
• Easy cleaningEasy cleaning
– Wipe down tray with clothWipe down tray with cloth
Troughs
Bubble Level
Output Tank
Float Valve

14. Input & Output FeaturesInput & Output Features
• InputInput
– Preheated water tankPreheated water tank
– Tube leading to floatTube leading to float
valve/basinvalve/basin
• OutputOutput
– Collection mechanismCollection mechanism
– Stored under basinStored under basin
– Easy to remove tankEasy to remove tank
Input Tank
Float Valve
Collection
Unit

15. Design OverviewDesign Overview
• Cost: $379.77Cost: $379.77
• Highly insulatedHighly insulated
– no heat lossno heat loss
• Mirrors to reflect radiationMirrors to reflect radiation
• Small bodies of waterSmall bodies of water
• Self regulating water levelSelf regulating water level
• Easy cleanup / collectionEasy cleanup / collection

16. Future PlansFuture Plans
• Test Final PrototypeTest Final Prototype
• Decrease manufacturing costs ~ $90.00Decrease manufacturing costs ~ $90.00
– Mold numerous partsMold numerous parts
– Buy parts in bulkBuy parts in bulk
• Market DesignMarket Design
– Red CrossRed Cross
– Mercy CorpsMercy Corps
– UNICEFUNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund)(United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund)
– WVWV (World Vision)(World Vision)

17. Questions?Questions?

18. Cost AnalysisCost Analysis
Qty Price ($) Total Qty Actual Cost ($)
4 2.10 8.40 293" 6.41
4 6.28 25.12 1950 sq in. 10.63
1 24.37 24.37 All 7.96
2 3.98 7.96 All 8.94
2 4.47 8.94 1401 sq in. 15.66
1 11.98 11.98 743 sq in. 17.34
1 6.44 6.44 1817 sq in. 23.94
1 13.44 13.44 602 sq in. 6.95
1 7.59 7.59 All 12.99
2 9.98 19.96 159 sq in. 2.50
1 2.49 2.49 1 40.00
30 0.42 12.60 3 ft 1.45
2 1.99 3.98
1 0.79 0.79
1 2.98 2.98
3 4.69 14.07 Actual Cost ($)
2 2.99 5.98
1 2.29 2.29
1 12.99 12.99
1 3.97 3.97
1 7.97 7.97 175.00
4 1.88 7.52
2 13.56 27.12
4 1.69 6.76
12 0.33 3.96
2 7.97 15.94
1 40.00 40.00
1 9.68 9.68
Qty Price ($) Total
25.00
Qty Price ($) Total
1 175.00 175.00
1 3.10 3.10
4 2.50 10.00
528.39$Total Material Cost
379.77$Pro-Rated Final Build Total
Float Valve
Float Valve
24" x 36" x 0.093" Acrylic Sheet
Roll of Fiberglass Insulation
Item
Screws, handles, containers, tape, sealant,
latches, paint/brushes, levels, cable ties,
hardware, etc
2" Insulating Foam Sheet
1" Insulating Foam Sheet
6 Pack 12" x 12" Mirrored Tiles
30" x 36" x 1/8" Glass Panel
Washers
10' Roll of Weather Stripping
Roll of Fiberglass Insulation
2"x 4"x 96" Lumber
2' x 4' Poplar Plywood
5 Gallon Gasoling Can
Rafter Hangers
24" x 36" x 0.093" Acrylic Sheet
Hollow Wall Anchors
2 pack of Line Levels
Pack of Cable Ties
30" x 36" x 1/8" Glass Panel
2 Gallon Gasoline Can
Hinge
Pack of Wood Screws
2 Door Catches
Sealant
4' x 8' x 1" Insulating Foam Sheet
6 Pack 12" x 12" Mirrored Tiles
Door Handle
Tie Plates
Adhesive Type 2
Stainless Steel Screws
4' x 8' x 7/16" OSB
4' x 8' x 2" Insulating Foam Sheet
Aluminum Basin
5' Silicone Tubing
Item
Miscellaneous Costs
Item
Adjustable Legs
Screws, Tape, Paint, Brackets
Material Costs
Anticipated Costs
Item
2"x 4"x 96" Lumber
2' x 4' Poplar Plywood
6 Mil Poly Sheeting
Adhesive Type 1
Cost of Material Used
Item
Adhesive Type 1
Adhesive Type 2
4' x 8' x 7/16" OSB
Miscellaneous Costs
50.00
Aluminum Basin (Free)

19. Importance of Solar PowerImportance of Solar Power
• UN Climate Change Conference (Indonesia)UN Climate Change Conference (Indonesia)
• Attempting to agree to curb the amount of greenhouseAttempting to agree to curb the amount of greenhouse
gas emissionsgas emissions
““The Earth's atmosphere is being changed at an unprecedented rateThe Earth's atmosphere is being changed at an unprecedented rate
by pollutants resulting from wasteful fossil fuel use ... These changesby pollutants resulting from wasteful fossil fuel use ... These changes
represent a major threat to international security and are already havingrepresent a major threat to international security and are already having
harmful consequences over many parts of the globe.... it is imperative to actharmful consequences over many parts of the globe.... it is imperative to act
now.”now.”
• Emphasizes the importance of using renewableEmphasizes the importance of using renewable
resourcesresources

20. Solar Energy - BostonSolar Energy - Boston
December Average Value – 1530 Whr/m2

21. Solar Energy - SomaliaSolar Energy - Somalia
Average Value – 6000 Whr/m2