UNIT 400 UNDERSTANDING ORGANISATIONS Essay

UNIT 400 UNDERSTANDING ORGANISATIONS Essay
UNIT 400 UNDERSTANDING ORGANISATIONS
TASK 1
Having worked for a large public company for a number of years, I feel we could take on many of their operating procedures to increase profit and
market share. Firstly, I will begin with a comparison of public, private and voluntary companies in the housing sector.
Moat Housing, a public sector company, provides affordable housing for people who have low deposits or are unable to obtain a 100% mortgage. They
are non–profit making and any profits are re–invested in the company. They are managed by a Board of Management which consists of independent
people (some may be paid) and volunteers. The board makes decisions about the work of the organisation. Members include residents, local ... Show
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Only when the documents have been approved can the company start trading. If a company is comprised of between 2 and 20 people who contribute
money to a business they can apply for a Deed of Partnership, which states how much money each partner has contributed, the share of profits they will
receive and the rules for electing new partners. Some partners may make a financial contribution but not actually take part in the running of the
business and are called 'sleeping partners'.
By comparison, not for profit organisations, also known as social enterprises (which includes Green Pastures), provide services to local communities.
They have to register with the Charities Commission and receive a charity number to trade by. They may have a financial target in the form of making
money, but then put this money back into the community to support good causes. All housing organisations in England are known as Registered
Providers and are regulated by the Tenant Services Authority. Social enterprises are any organisation that has business objectives other than making a
profit.
I believe we should research into government incentive schemes as I believe this could be a good area in which to make profit, increase our market
share and to widen our customer base.
TASK 2
A PESTEL analysis is a tool used to analyse and monitor the external marketing and environmental factors that have an impact on a company. Results
can be

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Effects Of Rights On The Housing Market Of Uk
Effects of Right to Buy in Housing Market of UK This proposed study examines the development of housing policy and right to buy from the view of
government mentality of UK. This study focused on the difficulties not only to the purchaser of council house but also to those tenants who have not
purchase tenancies in UK. This proposed study also discusses the role of social housing in 21st century housing policy. Aim of this study is to provide
a framework to the researcher and to identify different impacts of Right to buy scheme on housing market. Among other issues, this study also
discusses that council housing gives better opportunities and provide security to the tenants with 33% to 55% discount as compared to market price. To
analyse the housing policy and its contribution towards the housing services in UK To evaluate the effect that right to buy scheme would have on the
housing market To assess the influence of right to buy on the qualities and quantities of housing properties available for tenants in UK According to
Jones (2008), protected tenants within the regional authority increased reduction in right to buy their homes by means of the Housing Act 1980.
Previous to this act, regional authorities sell their homes along with governmental permission in 1936. Chaney (2000) mentioned that about 7,000
houses were sold in UK in 1970, which were exceeded to approximately 46,000 within 2 years. Stephens (2012) demonstrated that right to buy housing
policy offers

Affordable Housing For Low Income
Basic economics knowledge would tell you that this is a supply and demand issue and that all we need to do is increase the supply and the prices
will come down to an affordable equilibrium. But on the other hand, basic economics will also tell you that there are no shortages unless there is a
price ceiling in place which creates a high demand and a low supply due to lower than equilibrium prices. Which should mean that subsidization for
low income families should help alleviate the shortage for those groups or removing rent control measures. The issue of Los Angeles's shortages in
affordable housing, at face value, then seems like a no brainer. Unfortunately, these two economic solutions, like most economic solutions, cannot solve
this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One way the legislators tried to remedy the problem of affordable housing was by setting a price ceiling via rent control. According to a LA daily
news article, the Rent Stabilization Ordinance (RSO) was enacted in Los Angeles in 1978 and applies to properties built on or before 1978. Shortly
after its implementation, in 1981, the city paid the RAND Corporation to study the impact of rent control on the housing market. "In the long run,"
the findings warned, "it may create the very housing shortage it was designed to alleviate." And in many ways, they were rights. RSO can create a
reluctance on the part of owners to build new apartments out of fear that rent control laws will be extended. It can also create a tendency of owners to
defer repairs and renovations because of the potential for limited return on their investments. RSO can also have a job–killing effect too, because if
landlords aren 't hiring as many carpenters, painters, electricians, plumbers, roofers and landscapers the demand for those jobs also decreases. Rent
control ordinances are associated with lower growth rates in the supply of rental housing and with higher rental price growth in the broader market.
Research done by Beacon Economics found that rent control decreased the supply of rental housing because investors might fear that new rental units
will eventually be covered under future rent control ordinances, given that there is already a policy in place.
In the

America's Current Generation Housing
In 1979 under Thatcher 's reign, the conservative government published its housing bill promising with it the Right to buy. A popular demand at
the time as people living in social houses aspired to finally own their home. At the time a blessing, however 30 years later we find that the bill
promised the current generation housing at a discounted price. however, only at the expense of the next. The bill forbade local authorities from
replacing the council houses sold in the right to buy system. Due to the nature of the right to buy properties, the houses sold were not empty nor
was it available, many of the properties were already inhabited. Over the course of 30 years, over 2 million social houses were sold; as a result,
there was a large demand for social housing which the local authorities could not meet. Subsequently due to heavily discounted prices of the houses,
used to ensure that those vulnerable families are able to become home owners; not enough income was being generated in order to build a
replacement home. Since local authorities could not replace them themselves, social landlords struggled to build enough to replace those sold through
the right to buy. The bill also opened made way for private companies to abuse the bill and make profit out of properties previously owned by the local
authority. Statistics show that there is a higher rate of repossession of council houses than any other group of home owners. showing that many of those
living in council houses

The Plan For Public Health And Safety
The next component of the General Plan is the plan for public health and safety which addresses issues of: Geology and Seismicity, Flooding and
Drainage, Noise, Air Installation Land Use Compatibility, Hazardous Materials, Crime Prevention and Protection Services, Fire Prevention and
Suppression Services, Disaster Preparedness, Emergency Medical Facilities. The issue of geology and seismicity is important to the Lancaster area at
large due to its location being less than ten miles south of the San Andreas Fault. Major earthquakes in the area present a problem for citizen's
safety and possible property damage. A similar issue is that of flooding and drainage. Because Lancaster exists within a valley and is relatively flat,
the area is prone to flooding. One of the current propositions is to include flood water basins. The water basins to mitigate for the 100 year flood are
essentially large ditches on the corner of neighborhood streets. When a water basin sits in the middle of a neighborhood it is not a functional part of the
surrounding environment and can become an eyesore in a community. This probably causes the NIMBY–ism around water basins, no matter how
beneficial they may be. Noise is a very prevalent issue in Lancaster, due to the amount of aeronautical activity conducted on EAFB. The City has
rezoned the flight area in order to decrease the amount of overhead flights in the urbanized areas. This plan is mimicked in the Air InstallationLand Use
Compatibility portion.

Regeneration in Public Housing Essay
Australia's public housing is not adequately providing safe and secure housing for the disadvantaged and needy. This paper will demonstrate the issues
that arise from the poorly planned public housing developments, particularly the issues concerning spatial concentration of commission homes in low
socio–economic areas. Australian government agencies are currently exploring solutions to the problems caused by public housing estates, developed
primarily following World War II to address the shortage of housing. These homes built around the period of 1940
–1960 have created 'stressed' suburbs
(National Archives of Australia, 2011). The physical problems of aged infrastructure and inadequately designed housing reflect only part of the issues...
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This paper suggests reforms for developments to incorporate broader selections of estates that will be helped, which also should include low cost
private rental areas. Moreover, it demonstrates the need for urgent media attention on this issue to generate more funding towards these projects.
Concentrated Public Housing Concerns Research has shown that there is a cycle of negative effects that result from highly concentrated public
housing which further impacts on disadvantaged tenants (Baum et al., 1999). Within this research, those residing in public housing estates and areas of
concentrated low income private rental housing were identified as the most disadvantaged, in terms of employment, income levels and education
opportunities ( Arthurson, 2008, p. 1). Public policy in the field of housing needs to address the balance of social mix within older public housing
estates to prevent this continuous cycle. In the urban studies literature, this concept is variously referred to as 'social mix', 'tenure mix' or 'residential
mix' (Athurson, 2002, p. 22). "Housing tenants from areas of high concentrations of social housing are perceived as having significant associations,
whether rightly or wrongly, with a range of issues including antisocial behaviour, crime, welfare dependency and depictions of a socially excluded
underclass" (Arthurson, 2005). To remedy some of these issues, the housing authorities have implemented various regeneration policies to

Why Housing Prices Historically Exhibit A High Degree Of...
Introduction For several years, interest has grown in the understanding of apparent determinants of housing price. Studies have shed light on this issue
by identifying many factors where housing prices historically exhibit a high degree of statistical association. Economists Daniel Rubinfeld and David
Harrison developed a dataset by means of matching data on nitrogen dioxide pollution in the Boston, MA, metropolitan area from the U.S. Department
of Transportation with 1970 tract–level data on median house prices. This report hopes to examine whether or not there are supplementary explanatory
variables for the median value of houses in Boston. Variables Examined In an effort to discover the most appropriate explanatory variables, this report
hopes to examine additional effects of many neighborhood attributes on the prices of housing. The first variable to examine is the weighted distance of
five employment centers. According to Ottebsmann, Payton & Man (2008), location within an urban area, particularly with respect to the location of
employment, is assumed to be a determinant of land prices within standard urban economic models. And because land prices, with all other things
being the same, will affect house prices (p.19). The second variable to examine is the average student–teacher ratio in schools nearby. The quality of
public schools is a major point of emphasis for a family with school – aged when purchasing a home. The third variable to examine is Crimes
committed per

Case Study Of Bandar Sri Permaisur
CHAPTER 1
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
INTRODUCTION
1.1Introduction
Bandar Sri Permaisuri is one of township in constituency of Cheras and that township is under Faderal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. It is located near
with Bandar Tun Razak, Taman Mulia, Taman Ikan Mas and Salak Selatan. It was opened for residential housing in 2000 with several type of strata
property has been completed around that date. The major type of residential housing there are apartment and condominium. Bandar Sri Permaisuri is a
joint venture between PPC Glomac Sdn. Bhd. and Kuala Lumpur City hall known as (DBKL). The total gross site area is about 220 acre. Basically,
there are many type of developed as an integrated in that area such as residential, commercial and but ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this chapter two, the literature review must be view in relevant definition of relevant item such as define the market value, strata property, landed
property and the relevant acts and laws that are regulated.
1.7.3Case Study – Chapter 3
In chapter three, the case study is about the property market of residential housing in area Bandar Sri Permaisuri and Bandar TunRazak. Which both of
this location has different type of residential house such landed and strata. The case study is the key point of the research due to the this research
emphasis on the particular selected case study to determine which investment can give the best investment either in landed or strata property with
different location.
1.7.4Data Analysis – Chapter 4 and 5
In this chapter 4 and 5, it comprises the data analysis and information of this research. The all data and information collected through any interview,
questionnaire and any observation that would be analyses to obtain the finding of this research. From the data collected, it would be analyzed the data

using SPSS version. After that the data will be interpreted into graphs, tables for analyzed the data. Next step is defining the reason of the data result
and lastly create a recommendation from the analyzed data.
1.8

Prevention For Homelessness
Improving Preventions for Homelessness
A) Organizational Culture and Readiness Assessment
Homelessness has been around for many years and today there are still many people who are homeless or living in some sort of substandard
condition. Although most Americans have adequate food and shelter along with other necessities, the homeless do not reap any of these basic benefits.
Instead, millions of homeless people do not have suitable shelter to sleep in or food to eat. The United states, a country that is considered one of the
wealthiest places in the world still have not conquered homelessness.
Often it is seen that the more fortunate population are disgusted by the homeless and their misfortunes. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The transitional Model is useful in making a positive impact with the homeless dilemma by addressing all social factors. This model is central to
leaders guiding the homeless through three stages with the anticipated end results to include a new outlook on life, reduced homeless recidivism,
affordable and stable housing, housing assistance, better health care, food, and vocational training. There are many ways that can assist in homeless
prevention, this is not a one size fits all situation, therefore it will take further research to determine the methods and solutions needed to eradicate

Merits And Demerits Of State Funding
Introduction
Through this essay I will look to explore the merits and demerits of State funding for
Community–led Organisations (CLOs) to bring empty properties back into use using a 'selfhelp ' model. In doing so, I will hope to explore the wider
benefits and the secondary effects of the policy by utilising two case studies that explore the role of two CLOs in two disparate regions of the United
Kingdom and how their operations utilised the Empty Housing
Community Grant Programme (EHCGP) to achieve their own community goals.
Secondarily, I will look to explore the whether to scope of each CLOs activities would be sustainable if not for the backing of the Government–backed
scheme.
"Self–Help Housing" draws on groups of local people utilising local skills, tradesman and the third sector to bring back into use empty properties that
are in 'limbo', awaiting decisions about their future use or their re–development (http://self–help–housing.org/). It is different from "self–build housing
projects", which choose to construct permanent dwellings from scratch.
Self–help housing groups (or Community–led Organisations) negotiate with the owners of redundant properties for their rental or purchase, and then
look to organise repairs as necessary to make the homes habitable again. The properties are often "borrowed" on a leasehold basis, for a specified time
period. Some groups have found sustainable models for self–help housing in taking control of the buildings may on a permanent

For Any Inner City and Rural Area Summarise the Contrasts...
There are key differences in the characteristics of the Isle of Purbeck in South East Dorset and Byker Ward in Newcastle upon Tyne; such as the
housing type, ethnicity, age structure, wealth, employment and services – unsurprisingly many are interlinked. These also have had key effects on
social welfare; which lead to further contrasts between the two areas. Social welfare measures the well–being of communities – shown through jobs,
housing, health care and education.
The most significant contrast is the housing type. Byker Grove is an inner city electoral ward in Newcastle upon Tyne – consisting of council housing
for many decades, whilst the Isle of Purbeck is largely private/owner occupied. In the 1960s, Byker had exclusively small ... Show more content on
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This contrasts significantly to the type of housing in the Isle of Purbeck where 73.7% is owner occupied. Further, in the last decade house prices have
risen above the national average due to competition from second homeowners, retirees and in migrants. For example, property at Sandbanks is the 4th
most expensive in the world. The situation is made worse by the fact that employment opportunities in the area are limited. Only 7.7% is council
housing – in recent times only 2 small Housing Association developments in Corfe Castle have been planned to deal with this. Therefore, this has a
key effect on social welfare. It results in a richer population, with high demand for private healthcare and 'farm/organic' shops. In contrast, Byker is
likely to have very few high–end shops as a result of income being low – resulting in a reliance on state services, and the creation of what Edwina
Curry saw as "food deserts"; meaning very little healthy food options due to the dominance of cheap, fast food outlets. In turn, this is likely to increase
obesity and lower life expectancy – reducing social welfare further. In contrast, 'organic/farm' shops in the Isle of Purbeck are likely to have the
opposite effect – raising life expectancy.
Another contrast is seen in the age structure of the two areas. Whilst the Isle of Purbeck has a population where over 20% are over 65 and 18.6% are
retied, Byker Ward has a much more evenly distributed age

Building Strange Bedfellows : Indiana Housing And...
Building Strange Bedfellows – Indiana Housing and Community Development Coalition
Toward the end of the 2015 meeting of the Indiana General Assembly ("Session"), it became evident that a few advocacy organizations were seemingly
misinformed and disconnected from IHCDA policy positions. Rather than addressing these issues individually, IHCDA seized the opportunity to
develop a much broader working group of advocates and experts that are connected to housing and community development in Indiana. After receiving
strong support and encouragement from several organizations, IHCDA formally organized the oracle of advocates and industry experts dubbing it the
Indiana Housing and Community Development Coalition ('Coalition").
The bipartisan Coalition consists of roughly 20 advocates and lobbying groups representing a wide–array of stakeholders. The Coalition includes the
Association of Indiana Counties, Coalition for Homelessness Intervention & Prevention, Corporation for Supportive Housing, Habitat for Humanity of
Indiana, Lieutenant Governor's Office, Indiana Affordable Housing Council, Indiana Apartment Association, Indiana Association of Cities and Towns,
Indiana Association of Community Economic Development, Indiana Association of Realtors, Indiana Association of United Ways, Indiana Bankers
Association, Indiana Builders Association, Indiana Community Action Association, Indiana Credit Union League, Indiana Institute for Working
Families, Indiana Landmarks, Indiana Mortgage

Housing Affordability in Australia Essay
Background
Housing Affordability in Australia has become the focus point for urban planners in recent years. In particular, South East Queensland (SEQ) has
experienced significant pressure as the demand for property and affordable dwellings increases and population growth in the region continues. The
issue has come to the forefront in discussions for local governments in the region and there is a real need to address the problem of housing
affordability. The subject of affordability is complex and is contributed to by a number of factors including the impost created by Council processes,
which is the scope of the HAF–T5 Project.
The need to reduce these imposts is a key driver for continued improvement in Council processes to streamline ... Show more content on
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Part 4 – Recommendations (To Follow)
Improvement Program – including regional and council–specific recommendations.
The underlying intention of this document in its current form (Parts 1 and 2) is to establish an "As Is" picture, so to speak, of a Council's development
assessment processes.
Parts 1 and 2 will be presented to Council for validation and discussion with HAF representatives.
File Survey Overview
HAF–T5 programme Objectives
The aim of the Target 5 Days (HAF–T5) project is to reduce government's impact on the development assessment process through reductions in
assessment time. This will reduce the holding costs and infrastructure costs for applicants, contributing greatly to the bottom line overheads
experienced by developers, both professional and non professional (without considering the greater issue of land supply).
The objectives of HAF–T5 project are to deliver process reform such that Councils in SEQ will deliver:
Reduced assessment timeframe for 95% of residential development applications; and
75% reduction in approval timeframe for residential developments with a five–day turn around for low risk/complying applications.
Residential Application Focus
The typical types of applications that were surveyed are:
Reconfiguration of lots up to 50 lots;
Dual Occupancies (Duplexes);
Multiple Unit Developments (generally 6 or less);

Boundary Realignments; and
Houses in overlays (e.g. character,

Parking Restrictions For A Condominium
What every Condominium Association needs to know about Parking Restrictions
The enforcement of parking restrictions is one of the most problems that condominium associations and property managers are forced to deal with. In
densely packed urban areas, parking spaces are often at premium in condominiums and issues arise when co–owners fail to park in their designated
areas. In contrast, suburban site condominiums with single family homes often face parking issues related to parking boats, commercial vehicles or
inoperable vehicles in driveways or on the street. Accordingly, given the vast array of potential parking issues that can arise in acondominium,
condominium associations and property managers need to be prepared to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While the Michigan Condominium Act does not have any specific provisions that regulate parking, MCL 559.156(a) states that the condominium
bylaws may contain provisions that "are deemed appropriate for the administration of the condominium project not inconsistent with this act or any
other applicable laws." However, any condominium bylaws that are related to parking must be reasonable. Slatterly v Madiol, 257 Mich App 242,
256; 668 NW2d 154, 163 (2003) ("Bylaws must be reasonable in themselves as well as in their practical application."). Finally, even if the
condominium bylaws are silent with respect to adopting any specific parking standards or not specific, most condominium bylaws allow for the
condominium board to adopt reasonable rules and regulations that govern the use of the common elements. Meadow Bridge Condo Ass 'n v Bosca,
187 Mich App 280, 282; 466 NW2d 303, 304 (1990) ("...the board has the authority to promulgate reasonable rules and regulations."). Accordingly, prior
to taking any action with respect to enforcing parking restrictions, condominium boards and property managers should determine whether the
condominium bylaws and/or rules adequately address parking issues or whether amendments are needed. Common issues that should be addressed in
the condominium bylaws or parking rules are as

What Did The Farms? A History Of Development?
What Happened to the Farms? A History of Development in Possumtown, Piscataway
Piscataway Township, founded in 1666 is one of the oldest English settlements in New Jersey and all of America. Its strategic placement along the
Raritan Valley led to the "later establishment of towns like New Brunswick, Bound Brook, Somerville... and even Princeton," according to Walter
Meuly in his book The History of Piscataway Township: 1666–1976. Piscataway, which started off as a largely agricultural community, now embodies
the quintessential American suburb. It has a mix of residential, commercial, and industrial zoning that has made it more metropolitan. It is ideally
located between New York and Philadelphia making it an appealing location for... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By this time the mechanical age had still not significantly impacted Piscataway. There were about 200 families (40 percent of thetown's population) that
did not live on farms. Despite this, their main support system was farm labor and "hand trades" (blacksmithing, carriage–making, and milling). Farming
was a crucial part of Piscataway life; they had not yet been exposed to the technological advances of the day as much of their labor was still
performed by hand. Even though steel plows and chemical fertilizers had been invented in the earlier 1800s; these were not used in quaint
Piscataway. The Civil War caused an economic boom and bust cycle in Piscataway's farm life. Farm life prospered as inflation caused farmland in
Piscataway to peak at $140 per acre, which is about $2,477 in 2015. After the civil war, land prices then continued to decline until the 1900s. Also,
the expansion of factories and other forms of "urban employment" caused competition for laborers as factories generally offered better wages. In
1870 the presence of new railroads brought a new population of people who relied on the train system to get to work. This provided links between
Piscataway and the outside world as farm life began to decline. However, Piscataway still remained largely rural (Meuly).
By the twentieth century, suburban development began, as more former farmland was developed to create housing. Much of this was because family
farms could

Literature Review
Literature Review – Accommodation Crisis in UK
Soaring prices of residential property in UK
Over the passage of time the value of residential property has increased around the globe and the UK is no exception to this.All classes have become
victim to this new wave of soaring residential property prices across the UK. This new wave has pushed the poorest from a post to the pillar and
started the accommodation crisis in the UK. According to one survey held by Nationwide, only in March 2014 the property prices in the UK have
hiked by 0.4 percent. Now, less people own the residential property and more are opting either for mortgaged property or property for rent. However,
it seems as a great opportunity for residential property owners as the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Property Wire, 2014)
Change in residential property market
The property researchers over the time have been releasing certain reports and surveys addressing the problems faced by the residential property
owners and the gradual increase in the residential property prices. The recent reports released by property researchers shows a drastic change in
figures and how rapidly the residential property is changing (Property Wire, 2012).
Current residential market in the UK is under the dark cloud of hardships and the current situation is no different than the one prevailing when
Elizabeth II came into power in 1952.
The housing price in the UK since then has increased by more than 250 percent over and as a result the accommodation crisis has increased greatly in
the UK especially in London. (Property Wires, 2014)
Over the past decades, we have observed great changing in the housing market of UK. Over the period of time the demands and requirements regarding
housing have also changed, in short, the housing property has part become a necessity, part luxury and investment.
Granting to the director of research Savills, "The mismatch demand for living accommodations and supply and further transfer to smaller households
shows that nation's surplus income is more aimed towards housing, as a result of this investment in housing the prices of

Housing Issues Of Housing Policies
"Housing in Context – The Right to Buy" Report for Management Board prepared by Caroline Peters, June 2017 1.Introduction 1.1 Report purpose
1.2 Housing Policy 1.3 Report Content 1.4 Report Summary 2.The Right to Buy 2.1 Historical Policy 2.2 The Right to Buy 1980 3.Legislative
Framework 3.1 Legislation 3.2 Further Legislative amendments 3.3 Extension of Right to Buy 4.Comparative Study – The Right to Buy Wales 4.1
Historical Policy 4.2 Legislative framework 4.3 Abolition of the Right to Buy 4.4 Comparison to Right to Buy England 5.Conclusion 5.1 Summary of
the report 5.2 Lessons Learned 5.3 Future Trends 6.References 1.Introduction 1.1The purpose of this report is to look at Housing in Context by... Show
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As not all local authorities were keen to provide social housing, they found ways to sell their housing stock. There was at that time legislation in place
to enable this, but as the houses had been built with government funds, these sales had to receive approval from the ministry of health. These
approvals were not forthcoming and, property prices were too high for many to afford. The onset of WW1 impacted on sales during 1914–1938 due to
restrictions and after WW11 the acting Labour Government formerly opposed such sales. The Housing Act in 1952 revoked the Housing Act 1936
restricting requirement to obtain the best sale price for these properties and between 1952–1979 the acting government granted various consents, in
1967, to prevent under–pricing, market value sale price was introduced and remains so to this day. 2.2The Right to Buy 1980 Contrary to popular
belief Right to Buy existed under the Conservative party before Margaret Thatcher was elected as party leader or indeed Prime Minister. Over
370,000 properties were sold between 1952 and 1980, this was largely down to the generous discounts offered and would have increased regardless of
the introduction of the Right to Buy legislation in1980. It is important to note that local authorities were restricted on using monies generated by Right
to Buy for rebuilding as these funds were reverted back to the treasury and there was no policy in place to build

Papers On Homelessness
"Homeless is more than being without a home. It is tied into education needs, food, security; health issues both mental and physical, employment
issues, etc. Don't forget the whole picture." ("Boxed In" 2005 pg. 108)
Throughout my research I found there is a real cry out for action on providing more affordable house not just locally but throughout the country. There
needs to be more funding available to build more gear to income or subsidized housing and all levels of government need to take action.
Homelessness has different meanings to different people; someone who has never been homeless might think homelessness is a person who lives on
the street, in a tent or in a box. Many people don't realize that there are a number of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many of us take for granted having adequate housing, health care, food and clothing while others are forced to do without.
There are many people that are at risk of becoming homeless and some of the risks are; people with mental health issues, women leaving domestic
violence, loss of income, addictions and death of person who was helping to financially support them.
Families require stabilized housing that is affordable, safe and maintained. If they don't have stabile housing they are moving more often and this can
effect the children's education when being moved from school to school. The parents are unable to focus on the other areas of their lives when they are
unable to find decent housing.
As a result of the housing boom from 2005 to 2008 this had caused prices of houses to increase around 30% within that time and I don't think that
employment incomes went up that amount. This has caused hardship in many people's lives that have overextended themselves as well as made
themselves house poor. With house prices rising up, it has made it difficult for people to be able to find affordable adequate housing to rent or to
purchase. This has caused investment properties to increase in price which has also affected the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Build-Then-Sell
1.1Introduction
Build–then–sell (BTS) concept and adoption of the system had been discussed and debated a long time by various construction and properties related
parties in Malaysia. The idea was originally mooted in the 1980s and since then various attempts to implement the system had met with dead ends
(BTS Review, USM, Nor Aini). However the system was proposed again by our previousMalaysia Prime Minister, Tun Abdullah Bin Ahmad Badawi
as a way to promote better quality housing and provide greater protection for home buyers. Therefore, the BTS delivery system was introduced and
implemented in April 2007 by the Malaysia government.
Build–then–sell concept will be executed together with the sell–then–build (STB) concept during two years ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The aims and objective of this research is clearly stated in this chapter. The scope of study of this research was significantly mention and the
limitation in carrying out this research is clarified. The details on research methodology will be discussed in chapter 3 while literature review for this
research will be discussed on the following chapter.
1.8 Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction of a report will be giving a brief expalantion on research title, a general introduction to the study, aims and
objective, scope f study, methodology used in this study and conclusion.
Chapter 2: Literature Review In this chapter, the objective of the study will be discussed which is the difference between sell then build(STB) and
build then sell (BTS) as well as BTS advantages and disadvantages.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology It consist of research method, data collection method, data measurement method, method of analysis that carried out
for the reseach.
Chapter

The Health Impact Of Supportive Housing For Hiv Positive...
Advocacy Theory:
Anderson, J. (2008). Talk to the hand? Community Councils and Planning Consultation. Planning Theory, 284–300
Anonymous. (2006). Newly constructed affordable housing must be adaptable for use by elderly and disabled. Planning & Environmental Law, 28.
Buchanan, D., Kee, R., Sadowski, L. S., & Garcia, D. (2009). The Health Impact of Supportive Housing for HIV Positive Homeless Patients: A
Randomized Controlled Trial. American Journal of Public Health, S675–S680.
Cropsey, K. L., Wexler, H. K., Melnick, G., Taxman, F. S., & Young, D. W. (2007). Specialized Prisons and Services Results From A National Survey.
The Prison Journal, 58–85.
Hunt, M., & Zacharias, J. (2008). Market the Imaginary of Montreal 's (Gay Village. Canadian ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Social Theory:
Alarid, L. F. (2000). Sexual Orientation Perspectives of Incarceration Bisexual and Gay Men: The County Jail Protective Custody Experience. The
Prison Journal 80–95.
Anonymous. (2004). Borough erred in denying conditional use permit for housing for the elderly that met requirements for proximity to retail services
and suitable traffic effects. Planning & Environmental Law, 17.
Badiga, S., Raoult, D., & Brouqui, P. (2008). Preventing and Controlling Emerging and Reemerging Transmissible Disease in the Homeless. Emerging
Infectious Disease, 1353–1359.
Baeten, G. (1999). Towards Cosmopolis. Planning for Multicultural Cities. European Planning Studies, 111.
Batchelor, S. (1999). New Frontiers of Space, Bodies and Gender. Urban Studies, 2176.
Clark, W. A., & Deurloo, M. C. (2006). Aging in place and housing over
–consumption. J Housing Built Environ, 257–270.
Coe, N. B. (2013). The Asset and Income Profiles of Residents in Seniors Housing and Care Communities: What can Be leaned from Existing Data
Sets. Research on Aging, 50–77.
Copeland, L. L., Miller, A. A., Welsh, D. E., McCarthy, J. F., & Kilbourne, J. E. (2009). Clinical and Demographics Factors Associated With
Homelessness and Incarceration Among Va Patients With Bipolar Disorder. American Journal of Public Health, 871
–877.
Edward, T. D., & Goetz, E. G. (2005). The Effects of Revitalization on Public Housing Residents: A Case Study of the Atlanta Housing Authority.
American Planning Association. Journal of

Black Political Actors, Methods And Approach
Black Political Actors
Methods and Approach Our group followed political races in Baltimore City focusing on the Democratic races for Mayor and some city council
districts. We limited our scope to six candidates. Originally, they included former Mayor Sheila Dixon, State Senator Catherine Pugh, attorney
Elizabeth Embry, businessman David Warnock, City Councilmember Nicholas Mosby, and City Councilmember Carl Stokes. Based on aBaltimore
Sun/University of Baltimore poll, these candidates placed in the top six within a crowded field. On April 13, however, Councilmember Mosby dropped
out of the race and pledged his support to Senator Pugh. Therefore, we included the top five remaining candidates. Criminal justice reform and the
economy were the issues candidates discussed the most on the campaign trail. Given the events of Freddie Gray's murder and the city's high
unemployment rate, the emphasis on these issues is understood. Yet, these discussions did not complement our research. Between January2016 and
primary day, only one housing related forum was held. This forum focused on neighborhood revitalization, but did not address renter issues. At another
general issues debate, the Right to Housing Alliance asked the mayoral candidates the first rent court question in nearly two decades. Thus, our group
did not find it surprising that the candidates offered little policy proposals on reforms for renters. On April 26, the Democratic Party held its primary.
Senator Pugh won

The Pros And Cons Of Expectable Housing In Highland Park
Moreover, affordable housing in Highland Park seems to be decreasing for longtime residents because of prices of rent and mortgages beginning to
increase with each year. As on the graph from Zillow.com, it shows the median sale price from September 1, 2017 as being $646, 448 and the median
listing price is $728, 944. Based on this evidence from Zillow.com, housing prices is going to continue to increase. Although, Zillow predicts by
October 31, 2018 the median listing price of houses are going to stay the same price as it is now. Furthermore, the price of houses in Highland Park will
continue to increase, which may be due to current economy or the rate of inflation.
In Highland Park, alterations are being executed to its neighborhood's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Equally important, the affluent residents of Highland Park, who believe gentrification brings better housing and restoration of old buildings. Also, the
affluent residents believe gentrification provides the neighborhood to become more safer and increases public safety. While, there are more safety
regulations being implemented due to the increase of new people in the neighborhood. Although, there is more cultural/racial tension between many
Hispanics and Caucasians because of each side believing in their own versions of misconceptions that they own the neighborhood and no one but that
race should continue living in Highland Park. For example, a seemingly appearing Caucasian said, "Get out of our neighborhood, you wetback"
(Anonymous). Grounded on this comment about a particular Hispanic, who wanted to remain anonymous felt as the reference was intended for all,
who were not Caucasian. The neighborhood's safety has increased since the 1980s were there used to be bars on many of the windows and doors
of homes or businesses. In the past, Highland Park was recognized as being one of the most dangerous neighborhood's due it being in the middle of
gang territory for the Avenues. According to Baba, the owner of Vintage Tattoo on York Blvd in Highland Park, who was interviewed by Max
Sullivan for "Gentrification in Highland Park", a YouTube video. Baba, states describe Highland Park's past, "In the 1940s and 1950s, this

Gender Differences Between Women And Women Facing Housing...
Because the program targets at homeless families' population, they are both men and women. The analysis of CVA to this program has no significant
influence on gender difference when both men and women facing housing crisis and entering in the program.
Physical/material Capacities
пѓ CCH provides temporary residence to clients, so that they can live in private apartment. Families obtain more time and privacy in their own home,
compared to live at the family shelter, where families have to share restroom and kitchen with others. Living at private apartment, the family can
enjoy cooking with some older child sometimes, and they can have a private space to enjoy other leisure. The apartment is a clean, safe and homely
studio room. The program provides some basic household essentials and furniture. A program staff is in charge of residential repairment to ensure
families live in a safe environment. CCH also is a drug and alcohol free program, so families do not worry about exposing drug, alcohol, and smoking.
In addition, children can play at the community playground inside the resident area. The program enhances both women and men's capacity of physical
safety.
пѓ CCH is a transitional housing program that aims to prepare homeless families moving in their permanent home. It provides one–on–one case
management meeting with the client once a week. The case manage helps the client developments educational plan, and employment plan. Program
also provides on–site childcare

A Brief Note On Housing Association And The Center Of Dundee
HILLCREAST
Hillcrest Housing Association had developed to 600–700 staff, managing over 6000 properties. Their headquarters was situated in a 1970 's building
manufactured for a jute in the center of Dundee. Hillcrest required more space for their staff, the new building serves solely as company offices, with
the Dundee housing office where tenants would come to pay rent or discuss tenancies remaining at Camperdown Street at the docks in the city center.
ВЈ5.3m budget.
Heating/cooling
Air is brought into the building through 5 trunk–molded conduits climbing out of the grass to the once again of the building. Low controlled fans
support the methodology. The air is drawn into a "maze" of 600mm solid pipes that bolster into a block chamber ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In two rooms in the building it demonstrated unreasonable to depend on this framework alone to give cool air and individual ventilating units were
introduced – the IT room where significant high temperature is created by the server and the meeting room where it was figured that a speedier
cooling time was needed than could be effected by the fan–aided characteristic ventilation. Also,heat is provided by the biomass boiler feeding a high
temperature collector which then bolsters heated water to radiators all through the building, each one fitted with a thermostatic valve. Hot water to
tea–points, kitchen, gym shower room and toilets is given by a solar heated evacuated tubes situated on the top of the boiler room.
Another important thing is that every window on the North and south exteriors is fitted with physically worked roller blinds. The glazed West gable is
fitted with mechanically worked blinds activated by a light meter. Lamp units all through the building are low–vitality, with daylight control and
occupancy detection to minimize energy consumption. Showers, taps and WC 's are designed for low water–consumption. Rain water is gathered from
the top and recycled for use in flushing the toilets. A SUDS is installed externally. The building envelope surpasses great practice measures for air
tightness with a measured air permeability of 3.3m3/ hr/m2.

Essay on Affordable Housing Crisis
Affordable housing in the United States describes sheltering units with well–adjusted housing costs for those living on an average, median income. The
phrase usually implies to applied rental or purchaser housing within the financial means of lower–income ranges specific to the demographics of any
given area. However, affordable housing does not include those living in social housing owned by government and non–profit organizations. More
specifically, the targeted range for housing affordability sets below 30 percent of a household's annual income, including all applicable taxes, utility
costs and home owners insurance rates. If the mean income per household breaches the 30 percent mark, then the agreed status becomes labeled as ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Statistically, one out of seven families live in severe physical deficient housing. In fact, the housing and stock market revealed in July of 2009 that the
Great Recession further widened the gap and income disparity between the average, hard–working Americans and the top 1% of wealthy Americans.
Edward N. Wolff suggests that the average American produced a massive 36.1% drop in overall marketable assets while the top 1% of wealthy
Americans only lost 11.1%. This income gap disparity ensures that ever–increasing need for affordable housing as the economic crisis worsens.
Habitat for Humanity: Affordable Housing Statistics University of California, Santa Cruz: Who Rules America? Wealth, Income, and Power The Levy
Institute: Recent Trends in Household Wealth in theUnited States: Rising Debt and the Middle–Class Squeeze: an Update to 2007 Statistics University
of Kent State: Broadening Ownership of Productive Assets Lane Community College: Income Inequality University of Pennsylvania State: Housing
(Un)affordability in Philadelphia Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: An Alternative View of U.S. Income Inequality Multinational Monitor: Wealth and
Income Inequality in the United States Between the Rich and the Rest The New York

New York City Housing Development Case Study
In no other city in America is housing debated and pursued as aggressively as it is in New York. Thanks to visionary leaders, New York has a strong
history of innovative housing policy and finance like the Mitchell–Lama Housing Program and the Housing Development Corporation which was the
largest multi–family bond issuer in the country last year. Mayor de Blasio's bold and sweeping housing plan should be applauded; however, its
implementation will require heavy lifting from politicians, developers and citizens.
With 8.4 million residents across the five boroughs, New York City's population density is the highest of any major city in the United States. According
to the Department of Housing Preservation's Population Division, the City has more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
New York City is home to NYCHA, the largest public housing authority in the country. NYCHA provides housing for more than 400,000 New Yorkers
and administers Section 8 to another 235,000. NYCHA's housing stock which includes 334 public housing developments must be protected and
preserved so that we give future generations the chance to become the next Ursula Burns, Lloyd Blankfein or Sonia Sotomayor.
New York City's history ofaffordable housing policy and development is one of success and has been modeled and replicated around the country. But,
no good deed goes unpunished and those successes have an equally long history of unintended, or ill–intended, consequences. Previous administrations
built towards lofty numbers with a singular focus that had harsh consequences for everyday citizens forced out of their own communities. Last year,
land prices in East New York tripled on the announcement of impending up–zoning.
Building to a number is not enough. There is a balance between creating affordable units and mitigating the inherent impact that has on existing
neighborhoods. Development must be built within a community focused

The Effects of Business Planning, Financial Management and...
The Effects of Business Planning, Financial Management and Performance Monitoring on the Social Housing Sector By Precious Orlu. Student
Reference No 000545734 Course: Housing Policy Town 1017 Lecturers: Maureen Rhoden, John O'Leary 31st March 2010 Introduction Heraclitus
(535bc–475bc) was a philosopher who believed in the power of change, claiming that everything would find repose by changing (Harris, 1994). This
may not be true to the average sense of the concept of housing as a basic need to mankind. Housing has and will always be a constant, essential need
and a basic right for every human being (United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 25, www.un.org). However, this paper may
agree with him on the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He also adds that the problem it faces is performance. But as social enterprises in the housing sector are also regulated by government policies, this
paper would disagree with him as performance can be enhanced by methods which shall be analysed in this essay. This essay would refer to Social
Enterprises, Housing Associations and local authorities as Social Landlords. According to (Ogu and Ogbuozobe, 2001), the economic recession of the
1980s negatively affected the housing sector as structural adjustment policies created by the International Monetary Fund to tackle economic problems
were implemented without consideration of their effect on housing businesses and its stakeholders. This shows how international organisations make
policies which affect social landlords in several countries as well. It also points out the possibility of economic uncertainties affecting the housing
sector. (Reeves, 2005) furthermore, illustrates how differences in economic performance in different regions of a country affects demand and supply of
housing. He compares London and the South–East to the Midlands and the North–East, stating that the economic growth in London and the South–East
(coupled with sustained shortages in skilled labour) created a rise in average wage levels and a consequent rise in house prices as demand for private
ownership of houses rose beyond supply. And that fluctuating growth levels negatively

The Great City Of Detroit
Everyone knows Detroit has its fair share of issues. Including abandoned homes, snow removal unsightly lawns and vacant lots, crime, bad roads, old
plumbing nonworking street lights and many other problems. It is time to come together Detroit was once a beautiful city and can be once more the
architectural dream in the early 19th century. The craftsmanship has declined the hand carved wood trim, stained glass windows and many other
antiquates that made Detroit the great motor city and one if the paramount cities in the world. A place that holds a lot of history, fine arts, good food
and, riverfront views, also some of the most beautiful theaters in the United States. Although the great city of Detroit cannot be brought back overnight
the communities can contribute to the restoration of the city by buying into their communities. Buying into a community would require homeowners
and renters who wish to become potential homeowners to pay a monthly fee with a reduced amount toward the purchase of their home. The fee would
cover some amenities such as lawn maintenance, snow removal, and working street lights, the removal of blight. Citizens would be allowed to
participate in decisions concerning any new developments, or prospects coming into the community, such as creating community gardens similar to the
one created by Dan Muth, co–coordinator of the Bangor Community Garden, who states "They create great learning environments for gardeners or
people who haven't done

Is3350 Unit 4
In 2000 the housing unit density for all of Mercer County was just over 74 houses per square mile. The city of Sharon has the highest housing density
in the entire county with almost 1,997 unites per square mile. Considering this ratio there are more apartments and people renting rather than owning
their own homes to save space. The Northern Tier Area has the lowest density with just 22 houses per square mile so there are no apartments just
houses (Housing pg. 41–42). There are a total of 49,859 housing units in Mercer County and 93.7% are occupied. Roughly one third of Mercer's
housing units were constructed in 1939 or earlier. Compared to other counties this number is very high. 99% of the county's occupied housing units
have complete plumbing facilities and complete kitchen facilities. This is great because it makes the citizens happy and content with their home. The
predominant housing unit design is the single–family detached home with around 75% of owned houses. This is important because if people are
owning their own homes rather than renting they are more likely to stay in the community (Housing pg. 46). 16% of owned houses are cost
burdened, which isn't that bad of a number, however, it can be lower. 34% of renter occupied homes are cost burdened. Compared to the state it is
slightly less, which is a plus. The average... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Shenango Township has been trying to extend their water service south for the past few years. This would most likely promote growth because the
current services reach their full capacity. These water sources include wells, Shenango River, springs, and Big Run. There are no planned
improvements, which I feel that there should definitely be some goals since the people rely on these services so heavily. Some areas use a few
million gallons of water per day. I feel that they should try to evolve and better their systems for the future (Utility Services pg.

The City 's Housing Market
'Location efficient ' neighborhoods, and employment and recreational opportunities in walking and biking distances are attracting more and more
people to reside in the downtown core. Studies show that, since 1976, the residential population has doubled, with more than 240000 people living in
the Area and the ownership share has increased by almost two times since 1996 (City of Toronto. 2014b). Accordingly, the City 's housing market is
dealing with more and more housing needs (CHBA, 2012; Landau, 2013). Also, Toronto Official Plan identifies the Area, as a place to accommodate
significant population growth by 2041 (Ontario. Ministry of Finance, 2014). As a consequence, the value of land in the Area is extensively increasing
and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To overcome the limitations in land supply, a number of municipal and provincial policies and programs have been initialized to redirect growth,
intensification to the existing built–up sites in the Area. These policies promote transforming or conversion of brown–field sites (formerly–deteriorating
industrial and commercial sites) as well as improvement of the un–/under–utilized lands and buildings, and at–grade parking lots, for high/dense
condominium developments (Pantalone, 2014). The City permits the conversion through re–zoning or re–designating of land from one use to the
other, which also overcomes the density controls imposed on those lands. For example, employment or brownfield lands to mixed–use or residential
developments (Lehrer & Wieditz, 2009). The conversion of land from one use to another requires an amendment to zoning bylaws and, sometimes, an
amendment to the municipal Official Plan. This conversion is possible when the developers make a S37 agreement, Density Bonusing agreement with
the City of Toronto. 5.1.4Housing Affordability Issues The City of Toronto is recognized for its highest market
–based economy and housing costs in
the country (Wellesley Institute, 2014). In a market–based economy, the market decides the major share of housing. Today, the market of housing is
burgeoning on most expensive

Essay on Housing Vouchers: More Than a Housing Solution
Housing Vouchers
Vouchers: More Than a Housing Solution
Introduction
Many advocates and policymakers of housing for the poor believe that to achieve optimal human development of low–income households the location
of the housing must be considered as well as the quality of the housing unit (Newman, 2008). According to Newman (2008), housing of the poor has to
allow for economic independence and self–care while providing a safe and adequate place to live. The debate about decent housing alone is sufficient
to provide a healthier living environment has its roots in the late 1920s, when the unhealthy environment of the slums was associated with numerous
social ills. The hands–on approach of the housing and social service agencies was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the past fifty years the shift from meeting the housing needs of the poor through government projects–based housing to a more individual approach,
has been slowly implemented. Housing vouchers now enable underprivileged populations to move from high–poverty, segregated neighborhoods to
more un–segregated, low–poverty neighborhoods. Low–poverty neighborhoods have less crime, better opportunities for employment, and more diverse
schooling options. Some housing advocates however, contend that housing assistance is unnecessary and is an income subsidy that should be
combined with other social safety nets (Clark, W. 2008).
Literature Review
The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 enacted a voucher program, the Section 8 Housing Allowance program that has since been
renamed the Housing Choice Voucher program (HCV). In the original program vouchers were sent directly to qualifying landlords, however, in 1988,
the terms were changed so that the tenants now receive the vouchers. Tenants were given more leeway in where and how the vouchers could be used
(Teater, 2008).
Teater (2008) explained that the original intent of the Section 8 program was to allow minority households to move to neighborhoods that were less
racially segregated and safer. Other intentions of Section 8 program were to open

The City Of Dallas Housing Development Program Evaluation
In looking at the City of Dallas Affordable Housing Programs, the focus of this report will be in the form of a two–part series. The first part will be a
program evaluation that examines the quantitative numbers or measurable objectives, goals, & achievements as established by the City of Dallas
Community Development & Housing Department over a five–year consolidated plan period; and the second part will be a program analysis that seeks
to take this quantified data of the program evaluation and really measure how effective these Dallas housing programs have been in not only achieving
pre–determined objectives and goals but in changing low–income area housing buying trends; through creating more housing choices for
low–to–moderate income families; in bringing about more mixed–income neighborhoods; improving infill affordable housing development
opportunities; thru providing financial and training opportunities of minority businesses; etc.
Introduction
City of Dallas Housing Development Program and Infill Evaluation
(Current Snapshot 2008/9 – 2013/14)
The program evaluation of the City of Dallas Housing Development programs will consist of a five–year review (2008/9 – 2013/14) of quantitative
data available through public records of Dallas' General Funds, HUD Consolidated Annual Performance and Evaluation Reports (CAPER), HUD
Annual Action Plans, etc. The program evaluation for the purpose of this snapshot, will factor those programs or activities that will effect

Boston City : A Fast Growing Millennial Population
I. Executive Summary
Baltimore has a fast growing millennial population. Partnered with a slowly recovering economy and new urban energy, there is as a chance to
reinvigorate communities in the inner–city of Baltimore. Baltimore benefits from its proximity to other East Coast cities, which have also experienced
growth, while remaining more affordable. Also Baltimore is willing to give a tax credit for apartment builders, now available citywide; is an effort to
inspire growth of the type of building ideal for the younger population. In addition, a handful of businesses, such as Pandora Jewelry and the expanding
Under Armour, have moved to the city, serving as another anchor in Baltimore's workforce; which would need more affordable housing, which is
where leasing and land development comes into play. By creating this considered alliance with Baltimore City, The Hanover Engineering Company
which has experience in all aspects of land development, including residential subdivisions, commercial and industrial development. It will better
position Hanover's residential and land services to obtain more market share as this region of Baltimore continues to grow and develop its communities.
II. Mission Statement
Land subdivision is the industry that paves the way for construction of buildings. The industry services raw land and subdivides property into lots for
sales to builders or into residential housing. It can also include preparing the land for utility services and roads.

How Has Policy for Social Rented Housing Developed Since...
9.How has policy for social rented housing developed since 1979?
10.Discuss the intentions and impact of policies for home ownership since 1979.
11: HOUSING
Up to the 1970s housing policy was an integral part of the classic welfare state
With the triumph of private homeownership, government housing policy has all but disappeared,
broken up into a series of separate measures concerned with
пѓ privatisation
пѓ 'affordability' (rents, mortgages and house prices)
пѓ regeneration (raising quality)
пѓ homelessness
Governments in 70s got complacent about housing needs because of
popularity of home ownership
success in clearing slums and
achieving social minimum standards for the majority
But ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such arguments began to take greater precedence over ideological commitment to home ownership, despite Thatcher 's tenacious personal commitment.
90s/00s

homeownership crisis in early 90s and late 00s with repossessions, arrears and negative equity
by 1995 Conservative government talking about 'sustainable home ownership'
mortgage tax relief slowly phased out by late 1990s
withdrawal of most of Income Support for Mortgage Interest (ISMI) in early 1990s
exemption from capital gains tax worth about ВЈ13 billion in 2007
see Lloyd (2009) Figure 5
Housing 'Starts' In England 197519982006 ch 125,95798288ha 18,76816,89517,498 oo 129,777131,887 160,118
Social Rented Housing
Most significant measures behind the decline of social rented housing were/are:
council house sales in England: cumulative total 1980 to 2009: 2.1million
Almost half a million 'right to buy sales' since the start of 1997.
Receipts from council house sales since 1980 totalled ВЈ38 billion by April 2006
virtual ending of investment in new council house building
1988–2007: 920,000 council homes transferred to housing associations
policy of sharply rising rents for social rented housing to introduce quasi–market
Social groups most adversely affected by decline of council housing are/were most dependent on it:
single women
divorced/separated women

The Problem Of The Homelessness Epidemic
Jacob Setton
How to end Homelessness in D.C.?
The chasm between the law and, the law as applied in practice is vast. The law provides funding for homeless people, but this often leads to
discrimination because it is so difficult to gain access to these funds. Roscoe Pound, one of the most cited legal scholars of the 20th century, points
out how the "laws on the street" too often differ from the "laws on the books" and result in discrimination. Homeless people suffer from government
bureaucracy that makes it almost impossible for a homeless person to successfully receive aid without help from others. The application process for
applying for aid is both strenuous and difficult, that requires a level of literacy skills and legal expertise that would likely preclude an otherwise
healthy person from becoming homeless in the first place. In order to fix this injustice, experiments in the field of healthcare and government–policy,
must be applied to help the homeless in our community in D.C.. To solve thehomelessness epidemic, we need to expand collaborations between
institutions that already exist in D.C.to help the homeless and create a "housing first" plan that provides both rapid housing for the temporarily
homeless and permanent supportive housing for those who are chronically homeless. This policy change may seem intuitive "give homeless people
housing", however detractors argue that it is a naive approach to a complex issue that also costs too much.

Examples Of Affordable Housing Problems In Vancouver
Affordable housing problem in Vancouver
Context
Vancouver is a major city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The housing crisis has plagued its residents, governments, organisations, and the
community as a whole. The issues faced by the city of Vancouver is not about having enough houses to accommodate residents, but primarily around
affordability. Around twenty percent of Canadian renters face a housing crisis, spending more than half their income on shelter costs (McMahon,
2015). In 2010, different groups such as lone–parent households with children, couple parent households with children, senior–led households, and
singles living alone spent 50–99% of their income on housing costs in Vancouver(City of Vancouver Housing Characteristics... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Canada's affordable housing policy has supported Canadians in homeownership since the 1950s (Canadian Electronic Library [CEL] & Canadian
Housing and Renewal Association [CHRA], 2009). A series of social housing programs, subsidies were introduced and funded by government
agencies. The responsibilities of the program was shared between distinct levels of government, federal, provincial, and municipal (CEL & CHRA,
2009). This collaboration was done at a nation–wide level to promote affordable housing among communities. According to CEL and CHRA (2009),
the status of funds towards affordable housing became uncertain as agreements between governments were set to expire (p. 2). So the government
agencies exhausted their resources while tackling the ever rising need for affordable

The Business Plan Of Hafod
Hafod has developed five aims as part of their corporate plan, one of which incorporates the investment of resources in both time and finance in
communities where they have homes. This is believed to 'ensure these are places people are proud to live' (Hafod HA 2012 p4). Building on existing
networks and relationships they strive to build capacity, confidence and community cohesion, in neighbourhoods that are attractive, well maintained
places to live and that provide a good quality of life for its tenants and their neighbours (Hafod HA 2012). Many commentators conceive communities
as 'networks' of people who relate to one another through co–operative interaction, (Somerville 2011) and, where sociability offers the natural ability to
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many would claim these estates provide an example of where 'social housing... become the very ghettos of multiple social deprivation that they
were supposed to replace...' and that 'there is real concern that the current social housing system is failing the very people it was designed to help'
(Greenhalgh & Moss 2009 p6). However, Hafod believes that by retaining only these geographical areas it allows them to support their vision of
working closely with already recognised tenant groups and partners and also allows them to deliver generic development activities alongside key
projects (Hafod HA 2013). It is contended that far too often housing providers have tended to be opportunity–led rather than strategic (Thomas 2015).
Activities and projects are underpinned at Hafod by the Community Investment Strategy, and are developed in accordance with staff knowledge: of
particular need or because of a wider priority within the community. However, not all Hafod tenants and their geographical areas will benefit, 'where
there are no recognised Tenants and Residents Associations they are not considered in the annual review' (Hafod HA 2011 p6).
Newydd's Housing Associations Regeneration Strategy
Newydd's is a charitable housing association that offers nearly 3000 affordable homes for rent and sale, where need is at its greatest, in Mid and
South Wales. Newydd's vision is to

Joyce Carol Vincent Case Study
On January 25, 2006, the body of a British woman was discovered in an apartment above Wood Green Shopping City: It was determined that the body,
consisting primarily of skeletal remains, was that of Joyce Carol Vincent (October 15,1965 – c. December 2003). According to the coroner, she had
died in December, 2003, which means her body lay undiscovered for nearly three years. How could a beautiful, vivacious woman who was full of life
and reaching for her dreams virtually disappear without even one person noticing? To solve this case, numerous questions need to be answered: What
caused her death? Why didn't anyone miss her during her three–year absence?
The Metropolitan Housing Trust
A United Kingdom housing association, the Metropolitan Housing Trust (aka Metropolitan), owned the apartment in which Joyce's remains were
discovered. Metropolitan provides shelter for a variety of populations, including those who are victims of abuse. Joyce had become a victim of
domestic violence and, in February 2003, she began to receive housing benefits, which gave her the means to reside in the Metropolitan housing unit.
January 25, 2006 – A Grim Discovery
According to the housing association, benefits continued to cover half of the cost of Joyce's rent for some time following her death. Initially, the
association accepted these partial payments: However, after several attempts were made to collect the remaining balance, a repossession notice was
issued to reclaim her apartment. It is at

Comparing Dundee University's Heat Energy Systems And...
Introduction
This report shows the differences and the similarities between Dundee University's heat energy systems and those that are employed by Hillcrest
Housing Association. The main technologies used in the university are gas fired engines, whereas the Hillcrest building which has abiomass boiler. As
far as models of ownership are concerned, the University has established a wholly owned operating company DUUSCo to undertake the Project. While,
although owned by Hillcrest the biomass system is operated and maintained under a 10–year agreement by Angus Biofuels who sell the energy to
Hillcrest. Finally, comparing the risks associated with security of energy delivery we can say that they are similar. Even if the two heating systems are
different, both of them had the same goal, reducing the energy used and achieve low energy consumption. And move a step closer to sustainable and
zero carbon buildings. An explanation of "zero–carbon" meaning is given.
Technologies used in Hillcrest and Dundee University
Hillcrest Housing Association (Appendix A) building uses for heating, except for the orientation and the big windows on the North and south, the air.
Air is brought into the building through 5 trunk–molded conduits climbing out of the grass to the once again of the building (Appendix G, 4). Low
controlled fans support the methodology. The air is drawn into a "maze" of 600mm solid pipes that bolster into a block chamber which works on the
same guideline as an issue –

UNIT 400 UNDERSTANDING ORGANISATIONS Essay

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UNIT 400 UNDERSTANDING ORGANISATIONS Essay