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Case presentation (Enemy in shadows )
1. Enemy in Shadows
(Case Study)
Samar Tharwat Radwan
Assistant Professor of Rheumatology and Immunology
(Internal Medicine Department )
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound –EULAR
Mansoura University
2. July ,2021
A 63-year-old female was referred to our clinic because of a 2-day-
history of severe polyarthralgia
3. Her
articular
complaint
• Began less than two days after receiving a
single dose of BBIBP-CorV vaccine
(Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine)
• The condition was acute on onset
• Additive pattern of arthritis
• With symmetric distribution
4. The condition was associated with
Constitutional
manifestations:
fatigue, malaise and
low-grade fever
No weight loss No enthesitis
No specific joint
deformities
5. Past history
Hx of bronchial
asthma 10 years ago
Well-controlled on
bronchodilators
6. Past history
• There were no previous arthritic complaints
• She had no history of recent infections
• No relevant medical history such as inflammatory low back pain, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis
or uveitis
• No history of neurological symptoms, trauma or falling
• No family history of seronegative spondyloarthritis
11. On examination
Tenderness at both shoulders
The range of motion of all these joints was decreased
due to pain and swelling
Global assessment of the patient for pain based on the
visual analog scale (VAS) was 90 mm
12. Skin and mucosa
• Multiple oral ulcers with fungal infection
• No malar rash, vasculitis rash, psoriasis ,or any specific skin rash
• No genital ulceration
• No Raynaud’s phenomenon
38. After 5 days
Clinical
The same or even worse
✓ Function
✓ Pain score
Laboratory
To some extent improved
✓ ESR : 50 mm/hr
✓ CRP: 80 mg/L
✓ WBCs :10.000/mm
39. What is next
Not reactive
Arthritis
Reactive
Arthritis
(not
responding )
40. Reactive Arthritis
after COVID-19
vaccine not
responding to high
dose of steroids
✓Pulse Solu Medrol
✓sDMARDs: Methotrexate ,Sulfasalazine ,Azathioprine
✓Biological DMARDs: Etanercept , Infliximab
41.
42. Synovial fluid
aspiration
It is critical in diagnosing
monoarthritis
Has a limited role in the
differential diagnosis of
polyarthritis.
52. 1. Can septic arthritis be presented with polyarthritis ?
2. Who is at a risk septic polyarthritis?
3. Can septic arthritis be presented without any signs of fulminant inflammation (erythema) ?
4. Septic arthritis with negative blood culture?
5. Puffy hands?
6. Septic arthritis after vaccination ?
7. Septic polyarthritis after Vaccination ?
8. Septic polyarthritis after COVID-19 vaccination?
Several questions need to be answered
53. Can septic arthritis be
presented with
polyarthritis ?
The typical clinical presentation is a rapid
onset of severe joint pain, warmth, and
tenderness in a single joint
Polyarticular involvement is seen in 10–15%
of patients
Gonococcal infections should be suspected
in sexually active patients
The classical triad of disseminated
gonococcal infection (DGI) comprises acute
tenosynovitis, dermatitis, and arthritis
54. 1. Can septic arthritis be presented with polyarthritis ?
2. Who is at a risk septic polyarthritis?
3. Can septic arthritis be presented without any signs of fulminant inflammation (erythema) ?
4. Septic arthritis with negative blood culture?
5. Puffy hands?
6. Septic arthritis after vaccination ?
7. Septic polyarthritis after Vaccination ?
8. Septic polyarthritis after COVID-19 vaccination?
Several questions need to be answered
56. Who is at a risk septic polyarthritis?
• Preexisting joint disease : RA
• Immunosuppressed patients are on treatment for active malignancy,
inflammatory bowel disease, or polymyalgia rheumatica.
• Systemic infections
• Hypogammaglobulinemia ,Complement deficiency
59. A case of SLE presented with polyarthritis
Resistant to treatment with high dose steroids
Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) of the urine for Neisseria gonorrhea was positive
Final Diagnosis :Disseminated gonococcal infection.
60.
61. 1. Can septic arthritis be presented with polyarthritis ?
2. Who is at a risk septic polyarthritis?
3. Can septic arthritis be presented without any signs of fulminant inflammation (erythema) ?
4. Septic arthritis with negative blood culture?
5. Puffy hands?
6. Septic arthritis after vaccination ?
7. Septic polyarthritis after Vaccination ?
8. Septic polyarthritis after COVID-19 vaccination?
Several questions need to be answered
62. Can septic arthritis be
presented without any signs
of fulminant inflammation
(erythema) ?
Elderly patients may not manifest fever or other signs of inflammation
63. 1. Can septic arthritis be presented with polyarthritis ?
2. Who is at a risk septic polyarthritis?
3. Can septic arthritis be presented without any signs of fulminant inflammation (erythema) ?
4. Septic arthritis with negative blood culture?
5. Puffy hands?
6. Septic arthritis after vaccination ?
7. Septic polyarthritis after Vaccination ?
8. Septic polyarthritis after COVID-19 vaccination?
Several questions need to be answered
64. Septic arthritis with negative blood culture?
Blood cultures may be positive in one-third to one-half of patients
with septic arthritis
Negative synovial fluid cultures are the result of recent antibiotics
or infection with a fastidious organism
Can septic arthritis be presented without any signs of fulminant
inflammation (erythema) ?
65. 1. Can septic arthritis be presented with polyarthritis ?
2. Who is at a risk septic polyarthritis?
3. Can septic arthritis be presented without any signs of fulminant inflammation (erythema) ?
4. Septic arthritis with negative blood culture?
5. Puffy hands?
6. Septic arthritis after vaccination ?
7. Septic polyarthritis after Vaccination ?
8. Septic polyarthritis after COVID-19 vaccination?
Several questions need to be answered
67. • Here, we report a case of an 80-year- old man with no history of rheumatic
disease who presented with acute onset of bilateral hand pain, pitting oedema
and synovitis after the second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA C0VID-19 vaccine
• Significant improvement was noted with prednisolone
68. The patient started oral prednisone (25 mg once daily) and increased
MTX dosage (10 mg weekly), with a rapid clinical improvement
It is known that vaccination itself triggers an IFN-gamma and TNF-α release from Th1 cells, which could
represent a possible mechanism for vaccination-induced inflammation
69. 1. Can septic arthritis be presented with polyarthritis ?
2. Who is at a risk septic polyarthritis?
3. Can septic arthritis be presented without any signs of fulminant inflammation (erythema) ?
4. Septic arthritis with negative blood culture?
5. Puffy hands?
6. Septic arthritis after vaccination ?
7. Septic polyarthritis after Vaccination ?
8. Septic polyarthritis after COVID-19 vaccination?
Several questions need to be answered
70. Septic arthritis after vaccination ?
Septic arthritis of the shoulder following vaccination
Routine skin cleansing practice
before vaccinations
Should there then, as evident in the case report, be any need
for a revision of routine skin cleansing practice before
vaccination in some groups?
72. A 68-year-old woman presented for left shoulder pain, decreased range
of motion (ROM) and fever 7 days following COVID-19 vaccination
Septic Arthritis
73. 1. Can septic arthritis be presented with polyarthritis ?
2. Who is at a risk septic polyarthritis?
3. Can septic arthritis be presented without any signs of fulminant inflammation (erythema) ?
4. Septic arthritis with negative blood culture?
5. Puffy hands?
6. Septic arthritis after vaccination ?
7. Septic polyarthritis after Vaccination ?
8. Septic polyarthritis after COVID-19 vaccination?
Several questions need to be answered