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‫ﭼﮑﯿﺪه‬–‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬interoperability‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﯿﺘﻪ‬ ،‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ‬‫و‬‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ‬IEC‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ،IEC61850
‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫را‬‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ارد‬
‫اﻧﻌﻄﺎف‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫را‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.‫اﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬
‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬.‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬‫ي‬‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎداﺗﯽ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬.
‫واژه‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪ‬-‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ،‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬،‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬IEC61850‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ،‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ،.
1-‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻣﯿـﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺎﺳـﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻬـﻢ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﮔـﺮه‬ ،‫ﺑﺮق‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ،‫ﺑﺮق‬ ‫اﻧﺮژي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬.‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬‫اﺧﯿـﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮق‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘـﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴـﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺮوﺷـﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬ ،‫اي‬
‫وﯾﮋه‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬‫ﭘﺴـﺖ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨـﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اي‬‫داﺷـﺘ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﭼـﺮا‬ ‫اﻧـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺰرﮔـﯽ‬ ‫ﺗـﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬
‫ـﺬارد‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﮕ‬ ‫ـﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬.‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﭘﺴ‬ ‫در‬،‫ـﯿﻮن‬‫ـ‬‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳ‬ ‫ـﺘﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺰ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺠﻬ‬ ‫ـﺎي‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬‫دارﻧـﺪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺳـﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘـﺮل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻧﯿﺘﻮر‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداران‬.
‫ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧـﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫دﻟﯿـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺴـﺖ‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳـﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬
‫رﺧﺪا‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬‫د‬‫ﻫﺎ‬)events(‫و‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﮑــﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﯿــﺰ‬‫اﺟــﺎزه‬ ،‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿــﺮات‬ ‫ﻗﺒــﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳــﺮﯾﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤــﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﺳﺎزي‬‫درﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮدن‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺗﺮي‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر‬‫دﻫﺪ‬.‫ﺣﻀـﻮر‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿـﺎز‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭽﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑـﺮد‬‫ﺗـﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺎ‬‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اي‬.
‫ـﺘﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﮔﺬﺷ‬ ‫در‬SAS‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧﻘﺸ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ـﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻣﮑ‬ ‫ـﺎي‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬hardwire‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫رﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﺟﯿـﮏ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬.‫اﻣﺮوزه‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻓـﺮاوان‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬IED‫ﻫـﺎي‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ،‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﭘﺮوﺳﺴﻮري‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬‫داﺷـﺘﻪ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫دﺳ‬ ‫ـﺮاي‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬interoperability‫ـﮏ‬‫ـ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ـﺰات‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿ‬ ‫ـﯿﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﯾـﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﺗﮑﻨﯿـﮏ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻠـﯽ‬ ‫ﺑـﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﯿﺘﻪ‬ ،‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬IEC،
‫اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬IEC61850‫ـﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﯿ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒـﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ـﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻗـﺮاري‬ ‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟﻬ‬ ‫را‬
‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬‫ﻣﻨ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺸﺮ‬.‫ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾـﻒ‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬
‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬Interoperable‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧـﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐـﺎر‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‬ ‫ﻮاﺑـﻊ‬
‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬IED‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣـﺎن‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬.‫ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﻞ‬IEC61850‫ﺷـﮑﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫دﯾﺘـﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣـﺖ‬
‫ـﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﯿ‬ ‫ـﺎﻃﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫ارﺗﺒ‬ ‫ـﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫زﺑ‬IED‫ـﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﺨﺺ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺸ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ـﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﮐﻨ‬[1].‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫اﯾ‬ ‫در‬
‫ﻻﯾـﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺲ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬OSI‫ﺑـﻪ‬
‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬.IEC61850-8‫و‬IEC61850-9‫ﮐـﺎر‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺮوﺳﺲ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮح‬ ‫را‬ ‫اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫و‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬[2].
‫اﻧﻌﻄﺎف‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬‫و‬ ‫ارﺗﺒـﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑـﺎﻻﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫آورد‬.‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬)‫ﺗﺎ‬10Gbps(‫ﻫﻤـﺮاه‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬LAN،‫ارﺗﺒـﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟـﻮژي‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒـﺪﯾﻞ‬ ‫را‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺟﺬ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺑﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬IEC61850‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎس‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ،‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫ﺑـﺎﻻ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨـﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺴـﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬IEC61850‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫از‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬
‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬
‫ﭘﻮري‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺮ‬‫ﻧﮋاد‬1
،‫ﺧﺮم‬ ‫ﻣﺎزﯾﺎر‬2
‫و‬‫وﻟﯽ‬‫ا‬..‫اﺳﺪﯾﺎن‬3
1
‫ﺷﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺮوي‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬)‫ﺗﺎﻧﺶ‬(،Sahar_Poorinejad@yahoo.com
2
‫ﺷﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺮوي‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬)‫ﺗﺎﻧﺶ‬(،Mazi7265@yahoo.com
3
‫ﺷﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺮوي‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬)‫ﺗﺎﻧﺶ‬(،Vali_Asadian@yahoo.com
2
‫ﺑﮕﺬارد‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬.
‫ا‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫زﻣﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎري‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‬‫ﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬[3]
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫روﺷﯽ‬‫ﻪ‬‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﭘﺮوﺳـﺲ‬ ‫ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي‬
‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎس‬IEC61850‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬‫دﻫـﺪ‬.‫در‬
[4]‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‬ ‫ﯽ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه‬[5]‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫رﺳﯽ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒـﻮد‬ ‫را‬‫ﺑﺨﺸـﺪ‬.‫و‬
[6]‫ﺳـﺎﯾﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻣـﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐـﺎرﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻧـﺖ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬-
،‫ـﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑ‬‫ـﺘﺮس‬‫ـ‬‫دﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿ‬‫ـﺬﯾﺮي‬‫ـ‬‫ﭘ‬‫ـﻊ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻮاﺑ‬‫ـﺎﻇﺘﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣﻔ‬
‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬IEC61850‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫را‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.
‫آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬ ‫اﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻت‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻗ‬‫دﺳـﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي‬
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫را‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫دﻫﻨﺪ‬.،‫اﻧﮕﯿـﺰه‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﭘﯿﺶ‬‫رو‬‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬‫ﻣﺘـﺪاول‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬IEC61850‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫را‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ذﮐﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻻزم‬‫ﻗﺎ‬‫ﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬
‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬‫ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻗـﺮار‬ ‫ﻣـﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻔـﺎﻇﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺑـﻊ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬.
2-‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫روش‬
‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫ﺧﻄـﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬
‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌـﯿﻦ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﯾﺘﻢ‬[7].‫ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ‬
‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬:
MTTF‫زﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺎن‬
MTBF‫ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬
‫ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ازاي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﭼﮕـﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺗـﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻤـﻮدار‬ ‫ﺤﺖ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬.،‫ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈـﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﺮف‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫اﯾﻨﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت‬ ‫آﻧﮕﺎه‬[8].
t
etR 
)( )1(
Failure rate (1/MTBF)=λ
R(t)=Reliability over time
MTBF=Mean time between failure
‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺠﺶ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺑﻮدن‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬
‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﮐـﻞ‬ ‫زﻣـﺎن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﺴـﺒﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﯾـﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬.
‫اﺟـﺰاي‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬
‫ﻣـﻮازي‬ ‫ﯾـﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺮي‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺷـﻮد‬ ‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬.‫آﻧـﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬
‫دارد‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﺟﺰاي‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬.‫ﺧﺮاﺑـﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽـﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫اﺟﺰاي‬ ‫ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﺰ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬
‫اﺛـﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﮔـﺮ‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮي‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺰ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫آﻧﮕﺎه‬ ،‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ﻣـﻮازي‬ ‫ﺟـﺰ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫آﻧﮕـﺎه‬ ،‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺰ‬ ،‫ﺟﺰ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ‬
‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬.
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬100‫درﺻـﺪ‬
‫اﺳ‬‫در‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ،‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬MTBF‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬MTTR
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬.
MTTRMTBF
MTBF
A

 )٢(
‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟـﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ،‫ﺳﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ي‬)3(
‫ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬:
21 AAA  )٣(
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬1:‫ﺳﺮي‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮازي‬ ‫اﺟﺰاي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ‬
)4(‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬.
   21 111 AAA  )4(
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬2:‫ارﺗ‬‫ﻣﻮازي‬ ‫ﺒﺎط‬
3-‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬IEC61850
‫ﻣﻌﻤــﺎري‬ ‫ﯾــﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺗــﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴــﻠﻪ‬‫ﻣﻌﻤــﻮﻟﯽ‬SAS‫ﭘﺎﯾــﻪ‬ ‫ﺑــﺮ‬
IEC61850‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫در‬3‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬.
3
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬3:‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬IEC60850
1-‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﭘﺮوﺳ‬ ‫ـﻄﺢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺲ‬‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﯾ‬Process level:‫ـﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ـﻄﺢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫اﯾ‬
‫ﺗﺮاﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات‬‫وﻟﺘـﺎژ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫و‬.
2-‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬Bay level:‫رﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﭘﺮوﺳﺴـﻮري‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫و‬IED‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫در‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫درﯾﺎﻓـﺖ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬
IED‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺮدازش‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺳـﯿﮕﻨﺎل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷـﻮد‬‫از‬ ‫ﺳـﺎزي‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎده‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.
3-‫ﺳــﻄﺢ‬‫ﯾــﺎ‬ ‫اﯾﺴــﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬Station level:‫ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ‬HMI‫و‬
SCADA‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﺑـﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫دﯾﺘﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮط‬‫در‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.
4-‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺳﺲ‬)Process Bus:(‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫راﺑﻂ‬IED‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫از‬ ‫ﭘﻠـﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺳـﺲ‬ ‫اوﻟﯿـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿـﺰات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ‬ ‫و‬
‫ﺳﯿﮕﻨﺎل‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫وﻟﺘﺎژ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬IED‫ﺳـﯿﮕﻨﺎل‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫و‬‫ﻫـﺎي‬
‫از‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﭗ‬IED‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺳﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺳﺎزد‬.
5-‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ـﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫اﯾﺴ‬ ‫ـﺎس‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬station bus:‫ـﻄﺢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ـﯿﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺎط‬‫ـ‬‫ارﺗﺒ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬‫ارﺗﺒـﺎط‬ ‫اﺟـﺎزه‬ ‫ﻧﯿـﺰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫دﻫﺪ‬.
4-‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪاول‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬:
‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫و‬ ‫ﺳـﺘﺎره‬ ،‫ﺑـﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧـﺖ‬ ‫اي‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬SAS‫اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫در‬‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾـﺪي‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬.
4-1-‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎر‬‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ي‬:
‫آن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗـﺎﺧﯿﺮ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫وﻟﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‬.
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬4:‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬
4-2-‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬:
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬5‫دﻫـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬
‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫رﯾﺰي‬.‫ﺳـﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ﭘﺮوﺳﺴـﻮر‬ ‫ﻫـﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫ﭘﺮوﺗﮑـﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺷـﺘﻪ‬ ‫داﺧﻠـﯽ‬RSTP‫ـﺮد‬‫ـ‬‫ﮔ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣـﺎﻧﻊ‬‫ش‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬.‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬‫و‬IED‫ﻫﺎ‬‫زﻣـﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺣﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬Fail‫و‬ ‫ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﯾﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻗﺮار‬ ‫رﺗﺒﺎط‬.‫و‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫وﻟـﯽ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺧﯿﺮ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه‬.
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬5:‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬
4-3-‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬-‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬:
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬6‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ،‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺎن‬
‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬Redundancy‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠـﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘـﺮي‬ ‫ﺗـﺎﺧﯿﺮ‬ ‫زﻣـﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑـﺎﻻ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬‫دﻫﺪ‬.
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬6:‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬-‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬
4
4-4-‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬:
‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﮐﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫دو‬"‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠـﺰا‬.‫ﺗـﺎﺧﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟـﺬا‬
‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫از‬ ‫وﻟﯽ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﯽ‬‫ﻫ‬‫در‬ ‫رﻓﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺎي‬
‫دارد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‬ ‫آن‬.‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫وﺟـﻮد‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬
‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬.‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬7‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬.
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬7:‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬
5-‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬:
‫ﮐﻮﭼﮏ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ،‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬230/63‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮوﻟـﺖ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺷﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬H‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ذﮐﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻻزم‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫روش‬‫ﺷﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬‫ﺑﻨـﺪي‬
‫ﺷـﻮد‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻂ‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮي‬.‫ﺷـﮑﻞ‬8‫راﻧﻤـﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮرد‬ ‫ﭘﺴـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬‫دﻫﺪ‬.‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬IED‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬1‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬.
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬8:‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬
‫ﮐﻞ‬ ‫در‬5‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬3‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺮاﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ،‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫ﺑـﯽ‬ ‫ﻫـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬IED‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺻـﻠﯽ‬
IED‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬)main1 , main2.(‫اﻣـﺎ‬
IED‫از‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑـﻮده‬ ‫ﻋـﺪد‬ ‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫ﺑـﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‬Redundant‫اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬.‫اﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬‫اﻧﻌﻄـﺎف‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي‬IEC61850‫ﻣ‬‫ﻤﮑـﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺮﯾﮑﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﺪام‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬IED‫ﮐـﺎر‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺰا‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬.
‫ﺟﺪول‬1:‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬IED‫ﻣﻔﺮوض‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬
Cnt.IEDProt. IEDBay Name
12Line1
12Line2
12Line3
12Bus1
12Tr.
‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺳﺲ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬IEC61850‫از‬MU‫ﯾـﺎ‬
Merging Unit‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﻣـﯽ‬‫ﺷـﻮد‬‫ﻣـﯽ‬‫از‬ ‫ﮐـﺪام‬ ‫ﻫـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗـﻮان‬
‫ﺑﯽ‬‫دو‬ ‫ﺗﺮاﻧﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬MU‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫ﺧـﻂ‬ ‫ﺑـﯽ‬ ‫ﻫـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫و‬MU‫در‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬.‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫از‬‫ﻫﺎي‬IEC61850‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫در‬‫ـﺮان‬‫ـ‬‫اﯾ‬‫از‬MU،‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﺪه‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺸ‬ ‫ـﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫اﯾ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﻮد‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻘﺼ‬ ‫و‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪاول‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫از‬
‫ﺻﺮف‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬‫ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‬.
‫اﻧﺠـﺎم‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬.‫ﺳـﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨـﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬
‫روش‬‫رﺧـﺪاد‬ ‫درﺧـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬)fault tree(،cut set‫و‬path set‫و‬
‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮه‬،‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬.
‫ﺑـﺮا‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬‫ﮐﯿﻔـﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻤـﯽ‬ ‫آﻧـﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬ ‫ي‬RBD‫ﻓﻬـﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺗـﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺎده‬،‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬.‫ﺳـﺎدﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬
MTTF‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈـﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬‫ﮔﯿـﺮﯾﻢ‬.‫ﻣﻘـﺎدﯾﺮ‬
MTTF‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫رﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬[2,3]‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج‬
‫ﺟﺪول‬2‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺴﺖ‬.‫ﻓـﺮض‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬MTTR‫ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ‬8‫ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ‬،
MTTF‫از‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﺟﺰا‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﺪام‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬[3]‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬.
‫ـﺎدﯾﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻘ‬ ‫ـﺪه‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ـﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﯿ‬ ‫ـﺎت‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻔﺮوﺿ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﭙﺲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬MTTF‫و‬
‫زﯾﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬‫ﺑـﺮاي‬ ‫ﺳـﭙﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﻞ‬.
‫ﺟﺪول‬2:‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬MTTF‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬‫اﺟﺰا‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬
AvailabilityMTTF (in
years)
SAS
component
0.999993912150Prot. IED
0.999993912150Cnt. IED
0.99998173550Eternet
Switch
5
6-‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬MTTF‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬:
‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫از‬‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻌـﺪاد‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻄـﻮط‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬IED
‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ،‫دارﻧﺪ‬‫ﺧﻄـﻮط‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬.‫ﭼﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺧـﻂ‬ ‫ﺑـﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬
‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬ ،‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺧﻮاﻫﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﯿـﺖ‬ ‫آﻣـﺪه‬ ‫دﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﮐﺮد‬.
‫ﺷﮑ‬‫ﻞ‬9‫ﻧﻤـﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺳـﺘﺎره‬ ‫اﺗﺼـﺎل‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬‫دﻫﺪ‬.
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬9:‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬
‫در‬ ‫ـﺮوض‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻔ‬ ‫ـﺎري‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻌﻤ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ـﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿ‬ ‫ـﺎﮔﺮام‬‫ـ‬‫دﯾ‬ ‫ـﻮك‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻠ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ي‬10‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬.
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬10:‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬MTTF‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻓـﻮق‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺳﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫اﺟـﺰا‬ ‫ﻣﻮازي‬ ‫و‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬ ‫زﯾـﺮ‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.
otESWcnt
LINE
MTTFMTTFMTTF
MTTF
Pr
111

yearsMTTFLINE 30
PROTESWCNTline AAAA ..
9999329.0LineA
7-‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬MTTF‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪاول‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬IEC61850:
‫ـﺶ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺨ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﺎﻧﻄﻮر‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫﻤ‬3‫ـﺪل‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﺎر‬‫ـ‬‫ﭼﻬ‬ ،‫ـﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ـﯿﺢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻮﺿ‬
‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟــﻮژي‬SAS‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿــﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘــﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳــﺘﺮس‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺑــﺮاي‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫درون‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬.‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬـﻢ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎن‬‫رﺗﺒﺎط‬
‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫درون‬IED‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫را‬.‫در‬ ،‫آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫اﺟﺰاي‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫آوردن‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫درون‬.‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ‬IED‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬IED‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬.‫ﻫـﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﻫـﺮ‬
‫دو‬IED‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫از‬‫ﻧﻈـﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺑـﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬.
7-1-‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬:
‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ‬6‫زﻧﺠﯿـﺮ‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧـﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﯾﯿﭻ‬
‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬.‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬11‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬.
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬11:‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬
‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬‫ﺷـﮑﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫س‬
12‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬.‫ﻟﯿﻨـﮏ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨـﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﮑﻞ‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬
‫دو‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬IED‫دو‬ ‫وﯾـﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ‬IED‫ﻧﻤـﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟـﯽ‬
‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬.‫ﺳـﺮي‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺟﺰا‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬
‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬‫اﻧﺪ‬.‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﯾﺮا‬‫ﺑﺎﯾـﺪ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫در‬.‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﻋـﻼوه‬‫دو‬ ‫ﻫـﺮ‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬IED‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻔـﺎﻇﺘﯽ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮي‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬.
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬12:RBD‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬MTTF‫و‬‫ﺑـ‬ ‫زﯾـﺮ‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬‫ﻪ‬‫دﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬‫آﯾﺪ‬:
MTTF=8.82 years
A=0.9999330
7-2-‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬:
‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫رﯾﺰي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬13‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬.
6
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬13:‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬
‫ﺷـﮑﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬14‫ﻧﺸـﺎن‬
‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ،‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬3‫از‬ ‫ﺗـﺎ‬4‫ﺑﺮﻗـﺮاري‬ ‫ﺑـﺮاي‬ ‫ﺳـﻮﯾﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﻋـﺪد‬
‫دارد‬ ‫ﻧﯿـﺎز‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬.Redundancy‫ﺑـﺮاي‬n-1‫ﺳـﻮﺋ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬
‫ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي‬RSTP‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬‫آﯾـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬.‫ﭼـﺮا‬
‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺳـﻮﺋ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬‫ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ‬ ،‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﻔﯿﮓ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪدا‬ ‫را‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬.
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬14:RBD‫ﺣﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬MTTF‫و‬‫دﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫زﯾـﺮ‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬‫آﯾﺪ‬:
MTTF=12.17 years
A=0.9999513
7-3-‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬–‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬:
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮر‬15‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ،‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺎن‬
‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬–‫ﺣ‬‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻠﻘﻪ‬‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬
‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬.‫ﺳـﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧـﺖ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬6
‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬.
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬15:‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬-‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺷـﮑﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬16‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺎن‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ‬‫ﯿﭻ‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺻﻠﯽ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻞ‬.‫ﺳـﻮﺋ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬‫ﻗـﺮار‬ ‫ﻣـﻮازي‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬
‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬.
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬16:RBD‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬-‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻣـﻮازي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳـﺮي‬ ‫ـﺒﺎت‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬MTTF‫ـﺘﺮس‬‫ـ‬‫دﺳ‬
‫آﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬:
MTTF=15 years
A=0.9999513
‫ﺳـﺘﺎره‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬-‫ﺣﻠﻘـﻪ‬MTTF‫را‬
‫ﺑﻬ‬‫ﺣﻠﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳـﺘﺮس‬ ‫وﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪه‬ ‫ﺒﻮد‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮي‬.‫دﻟ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫دﺳـﺘﺮس‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﯿﻞ‬
‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬3‫از‬4‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﺴﺎن‬ ‫ازي‬.
‫ﺟﺪول‬3‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬MTTF‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳـﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬:
‫ﺟﺪول‬3:‫ﺗﻮﭘ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬‫ﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬
AvailabilityMTTF (years)Communication
architechture
0.99993308.82Cascaded
0.999951312.17Ring
0.999951315Star-Ring
8-‫آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬MTTF‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬:
‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫از‬3‫ﮐﻤﺘـﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬MTTF
‫دﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫و‬‫داراﺳـﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫س‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫دﯾﮕـﺮ‬ ‫ﺳـﻮي‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﻣـﺎ‬
‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬.‫ﺣﻠﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬MTTF‫و‬
‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿـﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫اﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸـﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫رﯾـﺰي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬RSTP‫دارد‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬
‫ـﺘﺎره‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬–‫ـﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣﻠﻘ‬MTTF‫ـﺮاﻫﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ـﺬﯾﺮي‬‫ـ‬‫ﭘ‬ ‫ـﺘﺮس‬‫ـ‬‫دﺳ‬ ‫و‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺳـﻮﺋ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬‫آﻣـﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ‬ ‫اﺿـﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮازي‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘـﺎدﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮد‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫اﺿـﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬
‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿـﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﺪ‬8
‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬‫را‬ ‫ﭘﺴـﺖ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﯾﺰ‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﺳـﺎده‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻮﭼـﮏ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬
.
7
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎر‬ ‫را‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داده‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﺑﺮد‬.
9-‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬:
‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ‬‫ﺗﺤـﺖ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬IEC61850‫از‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻣﻘـﺎدﯾﺮ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨـﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬MTTF‫و‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬.،‫ﺑـﺎس‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬–‫ﮐ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬‫ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻪ‬MTTF‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط‬
‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬ ‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژي‬-‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬.‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻌﻤﺎري‬
‫ﭘﺮﻫﺰﯾ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬‫ﻨﻪ‬‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﺮا‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬‫ﯿﭻ‬‫اﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻧـﺖ‬
‫ﺑـﺮاي‬ ‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﺑﻘﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي‬
‫ﺳـﺎﯾﺮ‬ ،‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨـﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼوه‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬‫ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ‬‫ﻫـﺎي‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑ‬‫ﺗﺎﺧ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺮد‬‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈـﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﯿﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬.
‫ﻣﺮاﺟ‬‫ﻊ‬
[1] A. Hossen loop, Engineering prespective on IEC61850,IEEE
power and Energy May.,vol.5,no.3,pp.45-50,jun.2007
[2] K.P.Brand, V.Lohmann, W.Winamer, Substation Automation
Handbook, Utility Automation Consulting, 2003.
[3] B. Kasztenny, J. whatley, E. A. Vdren, J. Burger, D. Finney and
M. Adamiak, ''Unanswered Questions about IEC61850-What
needs to happen to realize the vision? '', in Proc. 32nd
Annual
Western Protective relay Conf. 2005.
[4] G. W. Scheer, and D. Dolezilek, ''Comparing the reliability of
Ethernet network topologies in substation Control and monitoring
network '', Available: http: // www. Selgs. Com.
[5] Hamze Hajian-Hoseinabadi, ''Impacts of Automated Control
Systems on Substation Reliability. '' IEEE Iran. On Power
Delivery, Vol. 26, No. 3, Jully 2011.
[6] Hangtian Lei, Chanan Singh, '' Reliability Modeling and Analysis
of IEC61850 Based Substation Protection Systems''. IEEE Tran.
On Smart Grid, vol. 5, Sep. 2014
[7] '' Importance of Reliability and warranty in Electrical Power
Protection Relay System '', Available of www. Sympro. Com.
[8] Harrington, H. James and Anderson, Leslie. Reliability Simplified.
Newyork: Mc Grow HILL, 1998. 0-07-027051-1

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automation reliability

  • 1. 1 ‫ﭼﮑﯿﺪه‬–‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬interoperability‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﯿﺘﻪ‬ ،‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ‬‫و‬‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ‬IEC‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ،IEC61850 ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫را‬‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ارد‬ ‫اﻧﻌﻄﺎف‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫را‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.‫اﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬.‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬‫ي‬‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎداﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬. ‫واژه‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪ‬-‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ،‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬،‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬IEC61850‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ،‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ،. 1-‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯿـﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺎﺳـﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻬـﻢ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﮔـﺮه‬ ،‫ﺑﺮق‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ،‫ﺑﺮق‬ ‫اﻧﺮژي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬.‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬‫اﺧﯿـﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮق‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘـﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴـﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺮوﺷـﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬ ،‫اي‬ ‫وﯾﮋه‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬‫ﭘﺴـﺖ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨـﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اي‬‫داﺷـﺘ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﭼـﺮا‬ ‫اﻧـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺰرﮔـﯽ‬ ‫ﺗـﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ـﺬارد‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﮕ‬ ‫ـﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬.‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﭘﺴ‬ ‫در‬،‫ـﯿﻮن‬‫ـ‬‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳ‬ ‫ـﺘﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺰ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺠﻬ‬ ‫ـﺎي‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬‫دارﻧـﺪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺳـﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘـﺮل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻧﯿﺘﻮر‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداران‬. ‫ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧـﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫دﻟﯿـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺴـﺖ‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳـﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫رﺧﺪا‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬‫د‬‫ﻫﺎ‬)events(‫و‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﮑــﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﯿــﺰ‬‫اﺟــﺎزه‬ ،‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿــﺮات‬ ‫ﻗﺒــﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳــﺮﯾﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤــﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﺳﺎزي‬‫درﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮدن‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺗﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر‬‫دﻫﺪ‬.‫ﺣﻀـﻮر‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿـﺎز‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭽﯿﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑـﺮد‬‫ﺗـﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ‬‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اي‬. ‫ـﺘﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﮔﺬﺷ‬ ‫در‬SAS‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧﻘﺸ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ـﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻣﮑ‬ ‫ـﺎي‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬hardwire‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫رﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﺟﯿـﮏ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬.‫اﻣﺮوزه‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻓـﺮاوان‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬IED‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ،‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﭘﺮوﺳﺴﻮري‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬‫داﺷـﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬. ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫دﺳ‬ ‫ـﺮاي‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬interoperability‫ـﮏ‬‫ـ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ـﺰات‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿ‬ ‫ـﯿﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾـﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﺗﮑﻨﯿـﮏ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻠـﯽ‬ ‫ﺑـﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﯿﺘﻪ‬ ،‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬IEC، ‫اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬IEC61850‫ـﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﯿ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒـﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ـﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻗـﺮاري‬ ‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟﻬ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬‫ﻣﻨ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺸﺮ‬.‫ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾـﻒ‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬Interoperable‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧـﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐـﺎر‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‬ ‫ﻮاﺑـﻊ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬IED‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣـﺎن‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬.‫ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﻞ‬IEC61850‫ﺷـﮑﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫دﯾﺘـﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣـﺖ‬ ‫ـﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﯿ‬ ‫ـﺎﻃﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫ارﺗﺒ‬ ‫ـﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫زﺑ‬IED‫ـﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﺨﺺ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺸ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ـﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﮐﻨ‬[1].‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫اﯾ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻻﯾـﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺲ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬OSI‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬.IEC61850-8‫و‬IEC61850-9‫ﮐـﺎر‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺳﺲ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮح‬ ‫را‬ ‫اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫و‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬[2]. ‫اﻧﻌﻄﺎف‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬‫و‬ ‫ارﺗﺒـﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑـﺎﻻﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫آورد‬.‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬)‫ﺗﺎ‬10Gbps(‫ﻫﻤـﺮاه‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬LAN،‫ارﺗﺒـﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟـﻮژي‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒـﺪﯾﻞ‬ ‫را‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺬ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺑﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬IEC61850‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎس‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ،‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫ﺑـﺎﻻ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨـﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺴـﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬IEC61850‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫از‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫ﭘﻮري‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺮ‬‫ﻧﮋاد‬1 ،‫ﺧﺮم‬ ‫ﻣﺎزﯾﺎر‬2 ‫و‬‫وﻟﯽ‬‫ا‬..‫اﺳﺪﯾﺎن‬3 1 ‫ﺷﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺮوي‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬)‫ﺗﺎﻧﺶ‬(،Sahar_Poorinejad@yahoo.com 2 ‫ﺷﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺮوي‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬)‫ﺗﺎﻧﺶ‬(،Mazi7265@yahoo.com 3 ‫ﺷﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺮوي‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬)‫ﺗﺎﻧﺶ‬(،Vali_Asadian@yahoo.com
  • 2. 2 ‫ﺑﮕﺬارد‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬. ‫ا‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫زﻣﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎري‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‬‫ﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬[3] ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫روﺷﯽ‬‫ﻪ‬‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﭘﺮوﺳـﺲ‬ ‫ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎس‬IEC61850‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬‫دﻫـﺪ‬.‫در‬ [4]‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه‬[5]‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫رﺳﯽ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒـﻮد‬ ‫را‬‫ﺑﺨﺸـﺪ‬.‫و‬ [6]‫ﺳـﺎﯾﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻣـﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐـﺎرﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻧـﺖ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬- ،‫ـﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑ‬‫ـﺘﺮس‬‫ـ‬‫دﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿ‬‫ـﺬﯾﺮي‬‫ـ‬‫ﭘ‬‫ـﻊ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻮاﺑ‬‫ـﺎﻇﺘﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣﻔ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬IEC61850‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫را‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬. ‫آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬ ‫اﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻت‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻗ‬‫دﺳـﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫را‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫دﻫﻨﺪ‬.،‫اﻧﮕﯿـﺰه‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶ‬‫رو‬‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬‫ﻣﺘـﺪاول‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬IEC61850‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ذﮐﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻻزم‬‫ﻗﺎ‬‫ﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬‫ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻗـﺮار‬ ‫ﻣـﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻔـﺎﻇﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺑـﻊ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬. 2-‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫ﺧﻄـﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌـﯿﻦ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﯾﺘﻢ‬[7].‫ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬: MTTF‫زﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺎن‬ MTBF‫ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ازاي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﭼﮕـﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺗـﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻤـﻮدار‬ ‫ﺤﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬.،‫ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈـﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﺮف‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫اﯾﻨﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت‬ ‫آﻧﮕﺎه‬[8]. t etR  )( )1( Failure rate (1/MTBF)=λ R(t)=Reliability over time MTBF=Mean time between failure ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺠﺶ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺑﻮدن‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﮐـﻞ‬ ‫زﻣـﺎن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﺴـﺒﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﯾـﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬. ‫اﺟـﺰاي‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫ﻣـﻮازي‬ ‫ﯾـﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺮي‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺷـﻮد‬ ‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬.‫آﻧـﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﺟﺰاي‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬.‫ﺧﺮاﺑـﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽـﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫اﺟﺰاي‬ ‫ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﺰ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺛـﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﮔـﺮ‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮي‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺰ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫آﻧﮕﺎه‬ ،‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣـﻮازي‬ ‫ﺟـﺰ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫آﻧﮕـﺎه‬ ،‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺰ‬ ،‫ﺟﺰ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬. ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬100‫درﺻـﺪ‬ ‫اﺳ‬‫در‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ،‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬MTBF‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬MTTR ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬. MTTRMTBF MTBF A   )٢( ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟـﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ،‫ﺳﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ي‬)3( ‫ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬: 21 AAA  )٣( ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬1:‫ﺳﺮي‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮازي‬ ‫اﺟﺰاي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ‬ )4(‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬.    21 111 AAA  )4( ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬2:‫ارﺗ‬‫ﻣﻮازي‬ ‫ﺒﺎط‬ 3-‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬IEC61850 ‫ﻣﻌﻤــﺎري‬ ‫ﯾــﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺗــﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴــﻠﻪ‬‫ﻣﻌﻤــﻮﻟﯽ‬SAS‫ﭘﺎﯾــﻪ‬ ‫ﺑــﺮ‬ IEC61850‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫در‬3‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬.
  • 3. 3 ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬3:‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬IEC60850 1-‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﭘﺮوﺳ‬ ‫ـﻄﺢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺲ‬‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﯾ‬Process level:‫ـﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ـﻄﺢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫اﯾ‬ ‫ﺗﺮاﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات‬‫وﻟﺘـﺎژ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫و‬. 2-‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬Bay level:‫رﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﭘﺮوﺳﺴـﻮري‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫و‬IED‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫در‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫درﯾﺎﻓـﺖ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ IED‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺮدازش‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺳـﯿﮕﻨﺎل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷـﻮد‬‫از‬ ‫ﺳـﺎزي‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎده‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬. 3-‫ﺳــﻄﺢ‬‫ﯾــﺎ‬ ‫اﯾﺴــﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬Station level:‫ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ‬HMI‫و‬ SCADA‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﺑـﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫دﯾﺘﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮط‬‫در‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬. 4-‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺳﺲ‬)Process Bus:(‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫راﺑﻂ‬IED‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﻠـﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺳـﺲ‬ ‫اوﻟﯿـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿـﺰات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﯿﮕﻨﺎل‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫وﻟﺘﺎژ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬IED‫ﺳـﯿﮕﻨﺎل‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫و‬‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﭗ‬IED‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺳﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺳﺎزد‬. 5-‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ـﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫اﯾﺴ‬ ‫ـﺎس‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬station bus:‫ـﻄﺢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ـﯿﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺎط‬‫ـ‬‫ارﺗﺒ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬‫ارﺗﺒـﺎط‬ ‫اﺟـﺎزه‬ ‫ﻧﯿـﺰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫دﻫﺪ‬. 4-‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪاول‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬: ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫و‬ ‫ﺳـﺘﺎره‬ ،‫ﺑـﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧـﺖ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬SAS‫اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫در‬‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾـﺪي‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬. 4-1-‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎر‬‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ي‬: ‫آن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗـﺎﺧﯿﺮ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫وﻟﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‬. ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬4:‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ 4-2-‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬: ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬5‫دﻫـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫رﯾﺰي‬.‫ﺳـﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ﭘﺮوﺳﺴـﻮر‬ ‫ﻫـﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺗﮑـﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺷـﺘﻪ‬ ‫داﺧﻠـﯽ‬RSTP‫ـﺮد‬‫ـ‬‫ﮔ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣـﺎﻧﻊ‬‫ش‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬.‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬‫و‬IED‫ﻫﺎ‬‫زﻣـﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺣﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬Fail‫و‬ ‫ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﯾﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻗﺮار‬ ‫رﺗﺒﺎط‬.‫و‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫وﻟـﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺧﯿﺮ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه‬. ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬5:‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ 4-3-‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬-‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬: ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬6‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ،‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬Redundancy‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠـﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘـﺮي‬ ‫ﺗـﺎﺧﯿﺮ‬ ‫زﻣـﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑـﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬‫دﻫﺪ‬. ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬6:‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬-‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬
  • 4. 4 4-4-‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬: ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﮐﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫دو‬"‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠـﺰا‬.‫ﺗـﺎﺧﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟـﺬا‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫از‬ ‫وﻟﯽ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﯽ‬‫ﻫ‬‫در‬ ‫رﻓﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺎي‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‬ ‫آن‬.‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫وﺟـﻮد‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬.‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬7‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬. ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬7:‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ 5-‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬: ‫ﮐﻮﭼﮏ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ،‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬230/63‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮوﻟـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺷﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬H‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ذﮐﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫روش‬‫ﺷﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬‫ﺑﻨـﺪي‬ ‫ﺷـﻮد‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻂ‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮي‬.‫ﺷـﮑﻞ‬8‫راﻧﻤـﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮرد‬ ‫ﭘﺴـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬‫دﻫﺪ‬.‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬IED‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬1‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬. ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬8:‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻞ‬ ‫در‬5‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬3‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺮاﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ،‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫ﺑـﯽ‬ ‫ﻫـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬IED‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺻـﻠﯽ‬ IED‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬)main1 , main2.(‫اﻣـﺎ‬ IED‫از‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑـﻮده‬ ‫ﻋـﺪد‬ ‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫ﺑـﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‬Redundant‫اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬.‫اﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬‫اﻧﻌﻄـﺎف‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي‬IEC61850‫ﻣ‬‫ﻤﮑـﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﯾﮑﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﺪام‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬IED‫ﮐـﺎر‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺰا‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬. ‫ﺟﺪول‬1:‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬IED‫ﻣﻔﺮوض‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ Cnt.IEDProt. IEDBay Name 12Line1 12Line2 12Line3 12Bus1 12Tr. ‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺳﺲ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬IEC61850‫از‬MU‫ﯾـﺎ‬ Merging Unit‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﻣـﯽ‬‫ﺷـﻮد‬‫ﻣـﯽ‬‫از‬ ‫ﮐـﺪام‬ ‫ﻫـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗـﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬‫دو‬ ‫ﺗﺮاﻧﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬MU‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫ﺧـﻂ‬ ‫ﺑـﯽ‬ ‫ﻫـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫و‬MU‫در‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬.‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫از‬‫ﻫﺎي‬IEC61850‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫در‬‫ـﺮان‬‫ـ‬‫اﯾ‬‫از‬MU،‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﺪه‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺸ‬ ‫ـﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫اﯾ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﻮد‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻘﺼ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪاول‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺻﺮف‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬‫ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‬. ‫اﻧﺠـﺎم‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬.‫ﺳـﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨـﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫روش‬‫رﺧـﺪاد‬ ‫درﺧـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬)fault tree(،cut set‫و‬path set‫و‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮه‬،‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬. ‫ﺑـﺮا‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬‫ﮐﯿﻔـﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻤـﯽ‬ ‫آﻧـﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬ ‫ي‬RBD‫ﻓﻬـﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺗـﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬،‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬.‫ﺳـﺎدﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ MTTF‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈـﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬‫ﮔﯿـﺮﯾﻢ‬.‫ﻣﻘـﺎدﯾﺮ‬ MTTF‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫رﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬[2,3]‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬2‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺴﺖ‬.‫ﻓـﺮض‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬MTTR‫ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ‬8‫ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ‬، MTTF‫از‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﺟﺰا‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﺪام‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬[3]‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬. ‫ـﺎدﯾﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻘ‬ ‫ـﺪه‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ـﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﯿ‬ ‫ـﺎت‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻔﺮوﺿ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﭙﺲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬MTTF‫و‬ ‫زﯾﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬‫ﺑـﺮاي‬ ‫ﺳـﭙﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﻞ‬. ‫ﺟﺪول‬2:‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬MTTF‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬‫اﺟﺰا‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ AvailabilityMTTF (in years) SAS component 0.999993912150Prot. IED 0.999993912150Cnt. IED 0.99998173550Eternet Switch
  • 5. 5 6-‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬MTTF‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬: ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫از‬‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻌـﺪاد‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻄـﻮط‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬IED ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ،‫دارﻧﺪ‬‫ﺧﻄـﻮط‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬.‫ﭼﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺧـﻂ‬ ‫ﺑـﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬ ،‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺧﻮاﻫﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﯿـﺖ‬ ‫آﻣـﺪه‬ ‫دﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬. ‫ﺷﮑ‬‫ﻞ‬9‫ﻧﻤـﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺳـﺘﺎره‬ ‫اﺗﺼـﺎل‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬‫دﻫﺪ‬. ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬9:‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﺮوض‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻔ‬ ‫ـﺎري‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻌﻤ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ـﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿ‬ ‫ـﺎﮔﺮام‬‫ـ‬‫دﯾ‬ ‫ـﻮك‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻠ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ي‬10‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬. ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬10:‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬MTTF‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻓـﻮق‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫اﺟـﺰا‬ ‫ﻣﻮازي‬ ‫و‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬ ‫زﯾـﺮ‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬. otESWcnt LINE MTTFMTTFMTTF MTTF Pr 111  yearsMTTFLINE 30 PROTESWCNTline AAAA .. 9999329.0LineA 7-‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬MTTF‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪاول‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬IEC61850: ‫ـﺶ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺨ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﺎﻧﻄﻮر‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫﻤ‬3‫ـﺪل‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﺎر‬‫ـ‬‫ﭼﻬ‬ ،‫ـﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ـﯿﺢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟــﻮژي‬SAS‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿــﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘــﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳــﺘﺮس‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺑــﺮاي‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫درون‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬.‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬـﻢ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎن‬‫رﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫درون‬IED‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫را‬.‫در‬ ،‫آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫اﺟﺰاي‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫آوردن‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫درون‬.‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ‬IED‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬IED‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬.‫ﻫـﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﻫـﺮ‬ ‫دو‬IED‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫از‬‫ﻧﻈـﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺑـﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬. 7-1-‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬: ‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ‬6‫زﻧﺠﯿـﺮ‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧـﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﯾﯿﭻ‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬.‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬11‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬. ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬11:‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬‫ﺷـﮑﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫س‬ 12‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬.‫ﻟﯿﻨـﮏ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨـﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﮑﻞ‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬IED‫دو‬ ‫وﯾـﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ‬IED‫ﻧﻤـﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟـﯽ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬.‫ﺳـﺮي‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺟﺰا‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬‫اﻧﺪ‬.‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﯾﺮا‬‫ﺑﺎﯾـﺪ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫در‬.‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﻋـﻼوه‬‫دو‬ ‫ﻫـﺮ‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬IED‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻔـﺎﻇﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮي‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬. ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬12:RBD‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬MTTF‫و‬‫ﺑـ‬ ‫زﯾـﺮ‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬‫ﻪ‬‫دﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬‫آﯾﺪ‬: MTTF=8.82 years A=0.9999330 7-2-‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬: ‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫رﯾﺰي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬13‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﯽ‬.
  • 6. 6 ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬13:‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﺷـﮑﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬14‫ﻧﺸـﺎن‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ،‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬3‫از‬ ‫ﺗـﺎ‬4‫ﺑﺮﻗـﺮاري‬ ‫ﺑـﺮاي‬ ‫ﺳـﻮﯾﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﻋـﺪد‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﻧﯿـﺎز‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬.Redundancy‫ﺑـﺮاي‬n-1‫ﺳـﻮﺋ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي‬RSTP‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬‫آﯾـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬.‫ﭼـﺮا‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺳـﻮﺋ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬‫ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ‬ ،‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﻔﯿﮓ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪدا‬ ‫را‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬. ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬14:RBD‫ﺣﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬MTTF‫و‬‫دﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫زﯾـﺮ‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬‫آﯾﺪ‬: MTTF=12.17 years A=0.9999513 7-3-‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬–‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬: ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮر‬15‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ،‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬–‫ﺣ‬‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻠﻘﻪ‬‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬.‫ﺳـﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧـﺖ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬6 ‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬. ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬15:‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬-‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷـﮑﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬16‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺎن‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ‬‫ﯿﭻ‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺻﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻣ‬‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻞ‬.‫ﺳـﻮﺋ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬‫ﻗـﺮار‬ ‫ﻣـﻮازي‬ ‫ﺻـﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬. ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬16:RBD‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬-‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮازي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳـﺮي‬ ‫ـﺒﺎت‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬MTTF‫ـﺘﺮس‬‫ـ‬‫دﺳ‬ ‫آﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬: MTTF=15 years A=0.9999513 ‫ﺳـﺘﺎره‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬-‫ﺣﻠﻘـﻪ‬MTTF‫را‬ ‫ﺑﻬ‬‫ﺣﻠﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳـﺘﺮس‬ ‫وﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪه‬ ‫ﺒﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮي‬.‫دﻟ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫دﺳـﺘﺮس‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬3‫از‬4‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﺴﺎن‬ ‫ازي‬. ‫ﺟﺪول‬3‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬MTTF‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳـﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬: ‫ﺟﺪول‬3:‫ﺗﻮﭘ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬‫ﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ AvailabilityMTTF (years)Communication architechture 0.99993308.82Cascaded 0.999951312.17Ring 0.999951315Star-Ring 8-‫آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬MTTF‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬: ‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫از‬3‫ﮐﻤﺘـﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬MTTF ‫دﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫و‬‫داراﺳـﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫س‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫دﯾﮕـﺮ‬ ‫ﺳـﻮي‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﻣـﺎ‬ ‫اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬.‫ﺣﻠﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬MTTF‫و‬ ‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿـﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫اﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸـﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫رﯾـﺰي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬RSTP‫دارد‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫ـﺘﺎره‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬–‫ـﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣﻠﻘ‬MTTF‫ـﺮاﻫﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ـﺬﯾﺮي‬‫ـ‬‫ﭘ‬ ‫ـﺘﺮس‬‫ـ‬‫دﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺳـﻮﺋ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬‫آﻣـﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ‬ ‫اﺿـﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮازي‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘـﺎدﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮد‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫اﺿـﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿـﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﺪ‬8 ‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬‫را‬ ‫ﭘﺴـﺖ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﯾﺰ‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﺳـﺎده‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻮﭼـﮏ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﯿﭻ‬ .
  • 7. 7 ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎر‬ ‫را‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داده‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﺑﺮد‬. 9-‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬: ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ‬‫ﺗﺤـﺖ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬IEC61850‫از‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻣﻘـﺎدﯾﺮ‬ ‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨـﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫دﯾﺎﮔﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬MTTF‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬.،‫ﺑـﺎس‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬–‫ﮐ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬‫ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻪ‬MTTF‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎره‬ ‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژي‬-‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬.‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺰﯾ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬‫ﻨﻪ‬‫ﺳﻮﺋ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﺮا‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬‫ﯿﭻ‬‫اﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻧـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮاي‬ ‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﺑﻘﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﯾﺮ‬ ،‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨـﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼوه‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬‫ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ‬‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑ‬‫ﺗﺎﺧ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺮد‬‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈـﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬. ‫ﻣﺮاﺟ‬‫ﻊ‬ [1] A. Hossen loop, Engineering prespective on IEC61850,IEEE power and Energy May.,vol.5,no.3,pp.45-50,jun.2007 [2] K.P.Brand, V.Lohmann, W.Winamer, Substation Automation Handbook, Utility Automation Consulting, 2003. [3] B. Kasztenny, J. whatley, E. A. Vdren, J. Burger, D. Finney and M. Adamiak, ''Unanswered Questions about IEC61850-What needs to happen to realize the vision? '', in Proc. 32nd Annual Western Protective relay Conf. 2005. [4] G. W. Scheer, and D. Dolezilek, ''Comparing the reliability of Ethernet network topologies in substation Control and monitoring network '', Available: http: // www. Selgs. Com. [5] Hamze Hajian-Hoseinabadi, ''Impacts of Automated Control Systems on Substation Reliability. '' IEEE Iran. On Power Delivery, Vol. 26, No. 3, Jully 2011. [6] Hangtian Lei, Chanan Singh, '' Reliability Modeling and Analysis of IEC61850 Based Substation Protection Systems''. IEEE Tran. On Smart Grid, vol. 5, Sep. 2014 [7] '' Importance of Reliability and warranty in Electrical Power Protection Relay System '', Available of www. Sympro. Com. [8] Harrington, H. James and Anderson, Leslie. Reliability Simplified. Newyork: Mc Grow HILL, 1998. 0-07-027051-1