1. EC: If Activities are completed, what assumptions must hold true to deliver the results? What are the tasks that have to be undertaken to deliver the desired results. Activities If Results are achieved, what assumptions must hold true to achieve the Purpose? As above How the results are to be measured including Quantity, Quality, Time? What are the tangible products or services delivered by the project Results If the Purpose is achieved, what assumptions must hold true to achieve the Overall Objective? As above How the Purpose is to be measured including Quantity, Quality, Time? What are the direct benefits to the target groups? Purpose How will the information be collected, when and by whom? How the Overall Objective is to be measured including Quantity, Quality, Time? What are the project's contribution to policy or programme objectives (impact)? Overall Objective Assumptions/Hypotheses Sources of Verification Objectively Verifiable Indicators Project Description

2. EC SPF: What pre-conditions are required before the action starts? What conditions outside the Beneficiary's direct control have to be met for the implementation of the planned activities? What are the sources of information about action progress? Costs What are the action costs? How are they classified? (breakdown in the Budget for the Action) Means: What are the means required to implement these activities, e. g. personnel, equipment, training, studies, supplies, operational facilities, etc. What are the key activities to be carried out and in what sequence in order to produce the expected results? (group the activities by result) Activities What external conditions must be met to obtain the expected results on schedule? What are the sources of information for these indicators? What are the indicators to measure whether and to what extent the action achieves the expected results? The results are the outputs envisaged to achieve the specific objective. What are the expected results? (enumerate them) Expected Results Which factors and conditions outside the Beneficiary's responsibility are necessary to achieve that objective? (external conditions)Which risks should be taken into consideration? What are the sources of information that exist or can be collected? What are the methods required to get this information? Which indicators clearly show that the objective of the action has been achieved? What specific objective is the action intended to achieve to contribute to the overall objectives? Specific Objective What are the sources of information for these indicators? What are the key indicators related to the overall objectives? What are the overall broader objectives to which the action will contribute? Overall Objectives Assumptions/Hypotheses Sources of Verification Objectively Verifiable Indicators Intervention Logic

3. ADB Inputs Project Outputs Immediate Project Objective (Purpose) Longer Term Objectives (Goals) Assumptions & Risks Monitoring Mechanism Performance Targets Design Summary

4. The Design Summary provides information on the basic building blocks of the project and presents them as a cause-effect chain drawn from a preceding cause-effect analysis. The inputs are expected to result in the outputs , which in turn are expected to achieve the immediate objective (sometimes called the purpose ) of the project which contributes to the longer term objectives (sometimes called the goals of the project.) Some logical frameworks include the category of Activities . This refers to the detailed and chronological tasks, which will use inputs and deliver outputs. If the logical framework is to be used as a detailed planning and implementation guide, the inclusion of Activities is necessary. If the logical framework is used to reflect a succinct logical presentation of the critical elements of a project or program, the inclusion of Activities is not essential. The Verifiable Performance Targets tie down performance requirements for each element of the project design. These are specific tangible and/or quantifiable measures of achievement for each level in the design summary. These indicators are important in both monitoring and assessing success. The Monitoring Mechanisms are the sources and/or methods, which will be used to collect data for monitoring performance at each level of the cause- effect chain in the design summary. These must be specified because they often require resources and commitment from the project implementors. The Assumptions and Risks identify other conditions, which are external to the project but are needed to ensure that one level indeed causes the next level of performance to happen. Thus, given the level of inputs, outputs will be produced assuming project staff have the required technical skills (assumptions) - and outputs will give us the expected impacts - assuming no major natural disaster takes place (risks) . The Design Summary comprises four basic levels of a cause-effect chain. At the top are the project goals (the long-term objectives of the project ). While these provide the umbrella logic and rationale for the project, they will only come on stream over the long term and are influenced by many variables in the interim. The project purpose (the immediate objective of the project ) is the key anchor of the project design. This is the level of achievement that the project must deliver. This objective should become evident by the end of the project implementation period. A project’s scope and outputs will be designed around this objective to specifically ensure that it is achieved by the end of the project. It is therefore advisable to have only one immediate objective for the project. Therefore, the starting point for preparing the logical framework must always be the immediate project objective or purpose

5. AusAid Assumptions concerning the activity/output linkage. Sources of information and methods used to collect and report it. Implementation/work program targets. Used during monitoring. The tasks carried out to implement the project and deliver the identified outputs. Activities Assumptions concerning the output/component objective linkage. Sources of information and methods used to collect and report it. Measures of the quantity and quality of outputs and the timing of their delivery. Used during monitoring and review. The direct measurable results (goods and services) of the project which are largely under project management’s control Outputs Assumptions concerning the Component objective/purpose linkage. Sources of information and methods used to collect and report it. Measures of the extent to which component objectives have been achieved and lead to sustainable benefits. Used during review and evaluation. The expected outcome of producing each component’s outputs. Component Objectives Assumptions concerning the purpose/goal linkage. Sources of information and methods used to collect and report it. Conditions at the end of the project indicating that the Purpose has been achieved and that benefits are sustainable.. Used for project completion and evaluation. The development outcome expected at the end of the project. All components will contribute to this. Purpose Sources of information and methods used to collect and report it. Measures of the extent to which a sustainable contribution to the goal has been made. Used during evaluation. The broader development impact to which the project contributes – at a national and sectoral level. Goal Assumptions Means of Verification Performance Indicators Project Description

6. DFID Model (Bond-Networking for International Development) (Activity to output) Factors out of project control which, if present, could restrict progress from activities to achieving outputs Financial out-turn report as agreed in grant agreement INPUTS: This is a summary of the project budget These are the tasks to be done to produce the outputs Activities (Outputs to purpose) Factors out of project control which, if present, could restrict progress from outputs to achieving project purpose Cost-effective methods and sources to quantify or assess indicators Quantitative ways of measuring or qualitative ways of judging timed production of outputs These are the specifically deliverable results expected from the project to attain the purpose Outputs (Purpose to Goal) External conditions necessary if achieved project purpose is to contribute to reaching project goal Cost-effective methods and sources to quantify or assess indicators Quantitative ways of measuring or qualitative ways of judging timed achievement of purpose The immediate impact on the project area or target group i.e. the change or benefit to be achieved by the project Purpose (Goal to supergoal) External factors necessary to sustain objectives in the long run Cost-effective methods and sources to quantify or assess indicators Quantitative ways of measuring or qualitative ways of judging timed achievement of goal Wider problem the project will help to resolve Goal Important Assumptions Means of Verification Measurable Indicators Objectives

7. GEF (Global Environment Facility), DSE (German Foundation for International Development) Pre-Conditions Cost Means Activities What needs to be done to achieve the outputs making use of human, .technical and financial inputs. Specifc products and services to be provided by the project to the project direct beneficiaries for achieving the immediate objectives. Outputs Short-term and clearly achievable objective of the GEF Intervention, Immediate Objective The medium and long-term global environmental benefits in the areas of Biodiversity, Climate Change, International Waters and Ozone layer to which the project contributes Development Objective Assumptions Source of Verification Objectively Verifiable Indicators Project Strategy