2. ADHDADHD
a psychiatric disorder ora psychiatric disorder or
neurobehavioral disorderneurobehavioral disorder
characterized by significantcharacterized by significant
problems either of inattentionproblems either of inattention
and/or hyperactivity andand/or hyperactivity and
impulsivenessimpulsiveness
3. ADHDADHD
commonly studied and diagnosedcommonly studied and diagnosed
psychiatric disorder in children andpsychiatric disorder in children and
adolescentsadolescents
4. Dopamine DAT1Dopamine DAT1
functions as a neurotransmitter—afunctions as a neurotransmitter—a
chemical released by nerve cells tochemical released by nerve cells to
send signals to other nerve cellssend signals to other nerve cells
involved in motor control and ininvolved in motor control and in
controlling the release of severalcontrolling the release of several
important hormonesimportant hormones
5. FunctionFunction
dopamine plays important roles in motordopamine plays important roles in motor
control, motivation, arousal, cognition, andcontrol, motivation, arousal, cognition, and
reward, as well as a number of lower-levelreward, as well as a number of lower-level
functions including lactation, sexualfunctions including lactation, sexual
gratification, and nauseagratification, and nausea
6. dopamine receptor D4dopamine receptor D4
linked to many neurological and psychiatriclinked to many neurological and psychiatric
conditions including schizophrenia,conditions including schizophrenia,
Parkinsons disease, bipolar disorder,Parkinsons disease, bipolar disorder,
addictive behaviors, and eating disordersaddictive behaviors, and eating disorders
such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosasuch as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa
and binge eatingand binge eating
7. ParentingParenting
Parenting that has maternal sensitivity,Parenting that has maternal sensitivity,
mindfulness, and autonomy–support at 15mindfulness, and autonomy–support at 15
months was found to alter children'smonths was found to alter children's
executive functions at 18 to 20 months.executive functions at 18 to 20 months.
Children with poorer quality parenting wereChildren with poorer quality parenting were
more impulsive and sensation seeking thanmore impulsive and sensation seeking than
those with higher quality parenting. Higherthose with higher quality parenting. Higher
quality parenting was associated with betterquality parenting was associated with better
in 4-year-olds.in 4-year-olds.
11. Symptoms ADHDSymptoms ADHD
emerge before twelve years of age for aemerge before twelve years of age for a
diagnosis to be madediagnosis to be made
12. inattentive type symptomsinattentive type symptoms
Be easily distracted, miss details, forgetBe easily distracted, miss details, forget
things, and frequently switch from onethings, and frequently switch from one
activity to anotheractivity to another
Have difficulty maintaining focus on one taskHave difficulty maintaining focus on one task
Become bored with a task after only a fewBecome bored with a task after only a few
minutes, unless doing something enjoyableminutes, unless doing something enjoyable
Have difficulty focusing attention onHave difficulty focusing attention on
organizing and completing a task or learningorganizing and completing a task or learning
something newsomething new
13. inattentive type symptomsinattentive type symptoms
Have trouble completing or turning in homeworkHave trouble completing or turning in homework
assignments, often losing things (e.g., pencils, toys,assignments, often losing things (e.g., pencils, toys,
assignments) needed to complete tasks orassignments) needed to complete tasks or
activitiesactivities
Not seem to listen when spoken toNot seem to listen when spoken to
Daydream, become easily confused, and moveDaydream, become easily confused, and move
slowlyslowly
Have difficulty processing information as quicklyHave difficulty processing information as quickly
and accurately as othersand accurately as others
Struggle to follow instructionsStruggle to follow instructions
14. hyperactive-impulsive typehyperactive-impulsive type
symptomssymptoms
Fidget and squirm in their seatsFidget and squirm in their seats
Talk nonstopTalk nonstop
Dash around, touching or playing withDash around, touching or playing with
anything and everything in sightanything and everything in sight
Have trouble sitting still during dinner,Have trouble sitting still during dinner,
school, and story timeschool, and story time
Be constantly in motionBe constantly in motion
Have difficulty doing quiet tasks or activitiesHave difficulty doing quiet tasks or activities
