Cell theory states that all living things are made up of one or more cells, that cells are the basic units of structure and organization in living things, and that new cells are produced from existing cells through cell division.
The article discusses regenerative medicine and the potential to reverse cellular aging through stem cell research. It interviews Dr. Michael West, who published a paper showing that adult human cells can be reprogrammed to a younger, more pluripotent state utilizing genes that grant immortality. This research aims to develop stem cell therapies that can regenerate tissues damaged by aging and disease. Dr. West explains that the cells of the germline remain immortal through the enzyme telomerase, while somatic cells age and die due to shortening telomeres. The goal is to apply these lessons to increase the lifespan and regenerative capacity of human tissues.
Saul presents the results of his work in joining the blood systems of young animals to young animals, in which the old animals become younger. These heterchronic parabiosis experiments raise new questions: is it something in young blood that helps the old animals? Or a dilution of the old animals' blood? Will this work in humans? Will it extend lifespan? Many more experiments to try!
This document discusses human cloning, outlining the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer and describing Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal. It then explains the potential process for human cloning, including obtaining eggs and somatic cells, removing nuclei, fusing the cells, and implanting embryos. The document also notes some of the ethical controversies surrounding human cloning and potential benefits and problems.
Recombinant DNA cloning has been used since 1970 for lab study and research. Reproductive cloning creates an exact genetic copy of an existing being using their nuclear DNA. Therapeutic cloning, also called embryo cloning, is used to create cloned embryos for stem cell research to treat human diseases. The process of human cloning involves removing the nucleus from a donor egg, fusing the egg with a cell from the person to be cloned using electricity, implanting the embryo into a surrogate mother who would carry the cloned baby to term.
The document discusses several theories related to the origins and evolution of life:
1) The theory of spontaneous generation, which was disproven by experiments showing that living things come from other living things, not nonliving matter.
2) Oparin's primordial soup theory that early Earth conditions allowed organic compounds to form from chemical elements and sunlight, providing building blocks for early life.
3) The distinction between microevolution, involving small changes within a population over time, and macroevolution, referring to large changes that resulted in new taxonomic groups like bacteria evolving into humans.
Stabilizing selection favors average or intermediate traits in a population, reducing variation. This causes the population to stay the same over time. Directional selection favors one extreme trait, causing the population to evolve in one direction. Disruptive selection favors two extreme traits, leading to the emergence of two new species separated by intermediate forms. Geographic isolation and behavioral differences can cause speciation as populations separated by barriers evolve independently.
The document summarizes the history of scientific thought regarding biogenesis vs spontaneous generation. It describes key experiments by Redi, Spallanzani, and Pasteur that provided evidence against spontaneous generation and established biogenesis as the correct theory. It then provides an overview of the formation and early evolution of life on Earth, including the development of radiometric dating techniques, emergence of the first organic compounds and cells, evolution of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration, and the origin of eukaryotic cells through endosymbiosis.
Diseases can be either communicable, which means they can be passed between individuals, or uncommunicable, which cannot. They are caused by pathogens like viruses, bacteria, protists, fungi or worms, environmental factors, genetics, or a combination. Pathogens are the agents that directly cause the disease, and can be transmitted by vectors like mosquitoes. Some notable diseases include HIV, influenza, malaria, tuberculosis, and diabetes. Lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, and avoiding toxins and bad health habits can impact disease risk, while vaccines, antibiotics, and general hygiene help prevent and treat diseases.
The article discusses regenerative medicine and the potential to reverse cellular aging through stem cell research. It interviews Dr. Michael West, who published a paper showing that adult human cells can be reprogrammed to a younger, more pluripotent state utilizing genes that grant immortality. This research aims to develop stem cell therapies that can regenerate tissues damaged by aging and disease. Dr. West explains that the cells of the germline remain immortal through the enzyme telomerase, while somatic cells age and die due to shortening telomeres. The goal is to apply these lessons to increase the lifespan and regenerative capacity of human tissues.
Saul presents the results of his work in joining the blood systems of young animals to young animals, in which the old animals become younger. These heterchronic parabiosis experiments raise new questions: is it something in young blood that helps the old animals? Or a dilution of the old animals' blood? Will this work in humans? Will it extend lifespan? Many more experiments to try!
This document discusses human cloning, outlining the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer and describing Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal. It then explains the potential process for human cloning, including obtaining eggs and somatic cells, removing nuclei, fusing the cells, and implanting embryos. The document also notes some of the ethical controversies surrounding human cloning and potential benefits and problems.
Recombinant DNA cloning has been used since 1970 for lab study and research. Reproductive cloning creates an exact genetic copy of an existing being using their nuclear DNA. Therapeutic cloning, also called embryo cloning, is used to create cloned embryos for stem cell research to treat human diseases. The process of human cloning involves removing the nucleus from a donor egg, fusing the egg with a cell from the person to be cloned using electricity, implanting the embryo into a surrogate mother who would carry the cloned baby to term.
The document discusses several theories related to the origins and evolution of life:
1) The theory of spontaneous generation, which was disproven by experiments showing that living things come from other living things, not nonliving matter.
2) Oparin's primordial soup theory that early Earth conditions allowed organic compounds to form from chemical elements and sunlight, providing building blocks for early life.
3) The distinction between microevolution, involving small changes within a population over time, and macroevolution, referring to large changes that resulted in new taxonomic groups like bacteria evolving into humans.
Stabilizing selection favors average or intermediate traits in a population, reducing variation. This causes the population to stay the same over time. Directional selection favors one extreme trait, causing the population to evolve in one direction. Disruptive selection favors two extreme traits, leading to the emergence of two new species separated by intermediate forms. Geographic isolation and behavioral differences can cause speciation as populations separated by barriers evolve independently.
The document summarizes the history of scientific thought regarding biogenesis vs spontaneous generation. It describes key experiments by Redi, Spallanzani, and Pasteur that provided evidence against spontaneous generation and established biogenesis as the correct theory. It then provides an overview of the formation and early evolution of life on Earth, including the development of radiometric dating techniques, emergence of the first organic compounds and cells, evolution of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration, and the origin of eukaryotic cells through endosymbiosis.
Diseases can be either communicable, which means they can be passed between individuals, or uncommunicable, which cannot. They are caused by pathogens like viruses, bacteria, protists, fungi or worms, environmental factors, genetics, or a combination. Pathogens are the agents that directly cause the disease, and can be transmitted by vectors like mosquitoes. Some notable diseases include HIV, influenza, malaria, tuberculosis, and diabetes. Lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, and avoiding toxins and bad health habits can impact disease risk, while vaccines, antibiotics, and general hygiene help prevent and treat diseases.
Wetlands provide habitat for many wildlife and plant species. They collect and hold flood waters, helping to prevent flooding. Wetlands come in different types like swamps, marshes, and bogs, filled with various plants. They are highly productive ecosystems and link land to water. Water movement and quality influence wetland structure and function. Wetlands also have important abiotic factors like climate, soil, and nutrients. They support complex food webs and are part of water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles. Wetlands need protection because they provide many benefits and are threatened by pollution, invasive species, and water flow changes from human activities.
The chaparral biome experiences hot, dry summers and mild winters with an average annual rainfall of 10 to 20 inches. It contains scrub oak, poison oak, yucca and other drought-resistant plants and animals like coyotes and mule deer. Located primarily along the west coast of the United States, the chaparral biome has Mediterranean climates and is subject to periodic wildfires that are both beneficial to some native plants and potentially devastating.
Estuaries are bodies of water where freshwater from rivers meets and mixes with saltwater from the ocean. They provide important habitat for many fish and shellfish, with 2/3 of fish and shellfish species spending time in estuaries. Estuaries support complex food webs and nutrient cycles. However, they face threats from activities like dam construction, pollution from agriculture, and climate change, which can disrupt ecosystems. Conservation efforts aim to protect estuaries by restricting dams, reducing pollution, and regulating water use.
The document summarizes key aspects of ocean ecosystems, including average ocean temperatures, biotic and abiotic factors, food webs consisting of producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers and tertiary consumers, decomposers, examples of each, and water, carbon and nitrogen cycles. It also notes that pollution is a major environmental issue impacting over half the global ocean and threatening marine animals.
Grasslands are biomes located between 30-40 degrees latitude in both hemispheres. They experience hot summers over 100 degrees Fahrenheit and cold winters below 40 degrees. Grasslands receive 10-30 inches of rain annually and have a growing season and dormant season. Common abiotic factors include temperature, sunlight, soil and water, while common biotic factors include bison, antelope, prairie dogs, grasses and wildflowers. Grasslands are threatened by conversion to farmland and fires caused by lightning strikes in dry seasons.
The Canadian coniferous forest biome has average temperatures between -40 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit, with 5-6 months of cold, humid winters. Precipitation is 300-900 mm annually. Abiotic factors include mountains, ponds, dirt and snow, while biotic factors are the same plus coniferous trees. The biome faces problems of deforestation from human development and pollution from cabin emissions degrading air quality.
The tropical rainforest biome has an average temperature of 77°F and receives heavy rainfall of 75 inches per year. It is home to many animal species like elephants, snakes, and birds. Abiotic factors include water, rocks, and soil while biotic factors are the living things like plants, animals, and humans. Deforestation is a major environmental issue as too many trees are being cut down, making animals homeless and disrupting important nutrient cycles. Replanting trees could help reduce deforestation and allow animals to regain habitat.
The document discusses the climate and seasonal changes in the Rocky Mountains. It notes that winters bring deep snow, high winds, and frequent blizzards, with temperatures dropping below -35 degrees Fahrenheit. Springs have unpredictable weather that can be wet or dry, cold or warm. Summers are sunny in the mornings with afternoon thunderstorms and clear nights. Falls have cool, crisp days with decreasing precipitation and wind. The Rocky Mountains span several states including British Columbia, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado. The forests in the Rocky Mountain region receive over 20 inches of precipitation annually on average. Pine beetles have killed many trees, moving from forests on the west side of Rocky Mountain National Park to those on the east
This document summarizes information about coral reefs. It provides the latitudinal location of coral reefs, with the eastern basin ranging from 34-40 degrees north. It also lists the average temperature ranges for a coral reef biome, with highs of 88 degrees Fahrenheit and lows of 55.2 degrees. Finally, it notes that coral reefs are endangered due to threats from overfishing, pollution, global warming, and natural disasters which disrupt nutrients and damage the reef structures.
Freshwater biomes include ponds, lakes, and rivers. Plants typically grow along the edges of freshwater bodies, which have a surface temperature that matches the air but get colder with depth, with the bottom layer not receiving sunlight and averaging 4-8 degrees C. Some ponds are seasonal, filling only during rainy times of year. Freshwater lacks waves and has a bottom covered in mud.
Coral reefs are naturally colorful ecosystems found in clear, tropical oceans like Australia. They support thousands of species but are threatened by pollution, overharvesting, disease, and rising ocean temperatures and acidity caused by climate change. Coral reefs are home to algae, fish, mollusks, and other organisms in a complex food web where producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers all interact.
The document provides information about the Savanna biome. It describes the Savanna's location between the tropics, its hot and wet summers and mild winters. It also outlines the key abiotic factors like fire and soil, biotic factors such as large herbivores and carnivores, and ecological relationships including producers, primary and secondary consumers, and decomposers. It discusses threats to the Savanna like pollution and overhunting, and ideas for conservation.
The rainforest is located around the world in tropical areas. It receives high precipitation daily and has an average temperature of 80 degrees Fahrenheit. The trees are tall, ranging from 127 to 660 cm in height. Abiotic factors like water, sunlight, climate and weather affect the millions of animal and plant species living in the rainforest. A food chain shows producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers and tertiary consumers transferring energy as they consume each other. The water, carbon and nitrogen cycles continuously circulate these elements between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. Environmental issues facing the rainforest include deforestation which causes habitat loss for many species. Solutions to protect the rainforest involve reducing deforestation
The document describes a coniferous forest ecosystem, including average temperature and precipitation, location in the United States, and seasonal weather patterns. It defines producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and decomposers in the forest food chain. The document also mentions food webs, water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles operating within the forest ecosystem and identifies unsustainable tree cutting by the growing human population as a threat.
Pneumonia is a respiratory infection of the lungs, most commonly caused by streptococcus pneumonia bacteria or viruses. It can develop after a cold or flu and is more likely in those with asthma or a weakened immune system. Pneumonia lasts 2-4 days on average but can be longer without treatment. Over 60,000 Americans die from pneumonia each year.
Wetlands provide habitat for many wildlife and plant species. They collect and hold flood waters, helping to prevent flooding. Wetlands come in different types like swamps, marshes, and bogs, filled with various plants. They are highly productive ecosystems and link land to water. Water movement and quality influence wetland structure and function. Wetlands also have important abiotic factors like climate, soil, and nutrients. They support complex food webs and are part of water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles. Wetlands need protection because they provide many benefits and are threatened by pollution, invasive species, and water flow changes from human activities.
The chaparral biome experiences hot, dry summers and mild winters with an average annual rainfall of 10 to 20 inches. It contains scrub oak, poison oak, yucca and other drought-resistant plants and animals like coyotes and mule deer. Located primarily along the west coast of the United States, the chaparral biome has Mediterranean climates and is subject to periodic wildfires that are both beneficial to some native plants and potentially devastating.
Estuaries are bodies of water where freshwater from rivers meets and mixes with saltwater from the ocean. They provide important habitat for many fish and shellfish, with 2/3 of fish and shellfish species spending time in estuaries. Estuaries support complex food webs and nutrient cycles. However, they face threats from activities like dam construction, pollution from agriculture, and climate change, which can disrupt ecosystems. Conservation efforts aim to protect estuaries by restricting dams, reducing pollution, and regulating water use.
The document summarizes key aspects of ocean ecosystems, including average ocean temperatures, biotic and abiotic factors, food webs consisting of producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers and tertiary consumers, decomposers, examples of each, and water, carbon and nitrogen cycles. It also notes that pollution is a major environmental issue impacting over half the global ocean and threatening marine animals.
Grasslands are biomes located between 30-40 degrees latitude in both hemispheres. They experience hot summers over 100 degrees Fahrenheit and cold winters below 40 degrees. Grasslands receive 10-30 inches of rain annually and have a growing season and dormant season. Common abiotic factors include temperature, sunlight, soil and water, while common biotic factors include bison, antelope, prairie dogs, grasses and wildflowers. Grasslands are threatened by conversion to farmland and fires caused by lightning strikes in dry seasons.
The Canadian coniferous forest biome has average temperatures between -40 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit, with 5-6 months of cold, humid winters. Precipitation is 300-900 mm annually. Abiotic factors include mountains, ponds, dirt and snow, while biotic factors are the same plus coniferous trees. The biome faces problems of deforestation from human development and pollution from cabin emissions degrading air quality.
The tropical rainforest biome has an average temperature of 77°F and receives heavy rainfall of 75 inches per year. It is home to many animal species like elephants, snakes, and birds. Abiotic factors include water, rocks, and soil while biotic factors are the living things like plants, animals, and humans. Deforestation is a major environmental issue as too many trees are being cut down, making animals homeless and disrupting important nutrient cycles. Replanting trees could help reduce deforestation and allow animals to regain habitat.
The document discusses the climate and seasonal changes in the Rocky Mountains. It notes that winters bring deep snow, high winds, and frequent blizzards, with temperatures dropping below -35 degrees Fahrenheit. Springs have unpredictable weather that can be wet or dry, cold or warm. Summers are sunny in the mornings with afternoon thunderstorms and clear nights. Falls have cool, crisp days with decreasing precipitation and wind. The Rocky Mountains span several states including British Columbia, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado. The forests in the Rocky Mountain region receive over 20 inches of precipitation annually on average. Pine beetles have killed many trees, moving from forests on the west side of Rocky Mountain National Park to those on the east
This document summarizes information about coral reefs. It provides the latitudinal location of coral reefs, with the eastern basin ranging from 34-40 degrees north. It also lists the average temperature ranges for a coral reef biome, with highs of 88 degrees Fahrenheit and lows of 55.2 degrees. Finally, it notes that coral reefs are endangered due to threats from overfishing, pollution, global warming, and natural disasters which disrupt nutrients and damage the reef structures.
Freshwater biomes include ponds, lakes, and rivers. Plants typically grow along the edges of freshwater bodies, which have a surface temperature that matches the air but get colder with depth, with the bottom layer not receiving sunlight and averaging 4-8 degrees C. Some ponds are seasonal, filling only during rainy times of year. Freshwater lacks waves and has a bottom covered in mud.
Coral reefs are naturally colorful ecosystems found in clear, tropical oceans like Australia. They support thousands of species but are threatened by pollution, overharvesting, disease, and rising ocean temperatures and acidity caused by climate change. Coral reefs are home to algae, fish, mollusks, and other organisms in a complex food web where producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers all interact.
The document provides information about the Savanna biome. It describes the Savanna's location between the tropics, its hot and wet summers and mild winters. It also outlines the key abiotic factors like fire and soil, biotic factors such as large herbivores and carnivores, and ecological relationships including producers, primary and secondary consumers, and decomposers. It discusses threats to the Savanna like pollution and overhunting, and ideas for conservation.
The rainforest is located around the world in tropical areas. It receives high precipitation daily and has an average temperature of 80 degrees Fahrenheit. The trees are tall, ranging from 127 to 660 cm in height. Abiotic factors like water, sunlight, climate and weather affect the millions of animal and plant species living in the rainforest. A food chain shows producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers and tertiary consumers transferring energy as they consume each other. The water, carbon and nitrogen cycles continuously circulate these elements between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. Environmental issues facing the rainforest include deforestation which causes habitat loss for many species. Solutions to protect the rainforest involve reducing deforestation
The document describes a coniferous forest ecosystem, including average temperature and precipitation, location in the United States, and seasonal weather patterns. It defines producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and decomposers in the forest food chain. The document also mentions food webs, water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles operating within the forest ecosystem and identifies unsustainable tree cutting by the growing human population as a threat.
Pneumonia is a respiratory infection of the lungs, most commonly caused by streptococcus pneumonia bacteria or viruses. It can develop after a cold or flu and is more likely in those with asthma or a weakened immune system. Pneumonia lasts 2-4 days on average but can be longer without treatment. Over 60,000 Americans die from pneumonia each year.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Cell project pd7 kg
1. CELL THEORY
Science
They use to believe that living things
came from dead things.
Spontaneous
Period 7 Generation
is an obsolete body of thought
on the ordinary formation of
living organisms.
By:
Katelynn
Gebhart