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Internet and Activism
                          in China
                         20 Years after Tiananmen
                                     Rebecca MacKinnon

                                      Open Society Fellow
                          Assistant Professor, University of Hong Kong
                              Journalism & Media Studies Center
                              Co-founder, Globalvoicesonline.org


Thursday, June 4, 2009                                                   1
20 years ago..




Thursday, June 4, 2009                    2
Yesterday




Thursday, June 4, 2009               3
Thursday, June 4, 2009   4
Thursday, June 4, 2009   4
Google.cn top searches
                           http://www.google.cn/rebang/detail?bid=12000000



                            What day is June 4
                            20th anniversary
                             Today in history



                         June 4th
                         Twentieth anniversary




Thursday, June 4, 2009                                                       5
Search engine censorship


                                google.com




Thursday, June 4, 2009                              6
Search engine censorship


                                google.com




                                        baidu.com




Thursday, June 4, 2009                              6
Search engine censorship


                                google.com
                                             google.cn




                                        baidu.com




Thursday, June 4, 2009                                   6
The “Great Firewall” in action




Thursday, June 4, 2009                                    7
Blog company censorship




                                       Baidu:
                            “Weʼre sorry, your article failed to be
                         published. It contains inappropriate content,
                                         please check.”




Thursday, June 4, 2009                                                   8
Sorry, the blog address youʼre
                             visiting doesnʼt exist.




                                                   Sorry, the page youʼre
                                                   visiting canʼt be found.




Thursday, June 4, 2009                                                        9
This week
                           Ai Weiweiʼs blog



                               “This blog has been closed”




Thursday, June 4, 2009                                       10
This week
                           Ai Weiweiʼs blog



                               “This blog has been closed”




Thursday, June 4, 2009                                       10
This week
                                              Ai Weiweiʼs blog



                                                           “This blog has been closed”

                         “The system is undergoing maintenance. Service is planned to resume early on the 6th”




Thursday, June 4, 2009                                                                                           10
Thursday, June 4, 2009   11
Thursday, June 4, 2009   11
Anti-censorship Protest video:
                         “song of the grass mud horse”


                                                             “cao ni ma”
                                                             “grass mud horse”
                                                             (alpaca sheep)




                             http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3tPA_Z_MT0
Thursday, June 4, 2009                                                           12
Anti-censorship Protest video:
                         “song of the grass mud horse”


                                                             “cao ni ma”
                                                             “grass mud horse”
                                                             (alpaca sheep)
                                                                *

                                                              Same sounds,
                                                              different tones =
                                                              “F***your mother”

                             http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3tPA_Z_MT0
Thursday, June 4, 2009                                                            12
Anti-censorhip meme:
                “River crab wears three watches”




Thursday, June 4, 2009                             13
Anti-censorhip meme:
                “River crab wears three watches”
                                        “He xie”

                               “Harmonious”

                               “Harmonious Society”
                               Slogan of President Hu Jintao




Thursday, June 4, 2009                                         13
Anti-censorhip meme:
                “River crab wears three watches”
                                              “He xie”

                                     “Harmonious”

                                     “Harmonious Society”
                                     Slogan of President Hu Jintao



         “san ge dai biao”

       “Three Represents”
       Slogan of fmr. Pres. Jiang Zemin
Thursday, June 4, 2009                                               13
Anti-censorhip meme:
                “River crab wears three watches”
                                              “He xie”

                                     “Harmonious”     “Rivercrab”

                                     “Harmonious Society”
                                     Slogan of President Hu Jintao



         “san ge dai biao”

       “Three Represents”
       Slogan of fmr. Pres. Jiang Zemin
Thursday, June 4, 2009                                               13
Anti-censorhip meme:
                “River crab wears three watches”
                                                  “He xie”

                                     “Harmonious”             “Rivercrab”

                                     “Harmonious Society”
                                     Slogan of President Hu Jintao



         “san ge dai biao”                “dai san ge biao”

       “Three Represents”                 “Wears three watches”
       Slogan of fmr. Pres. Jiang Zemin
Thursday, June 4, 2009                                                  13
River crab muzzles Twitter bird




Thursday, June 4, 2009                                     14
River crabs vs. alpaca sheep




Thursday, June 4, 2009                   15
Prime Minister Wen Jiabaoʼs
       2-hour live chat with “netizens”




Thursday, June 4, 2009                    16
Prime Minister Wen Jiabaoʼs
       2-hour live chat with “netizens”




Thursday, June 4, 2009                    16
“E - Congress”
                                                     http://elianghui.people.com.cn




                              Sign up for a
                              “membership                                       Two suggestions for fighting corruption
                                 badge”

                                                                                      Crackdown on ads for illegal medicine as
                                                                                           hard as the anti-porn crackdown
                         Suggestions for improving
                            safety in coal mines

Thursday, June 4, 2009                                                                                                           17
Somebodyʼs proposal to abolish one child policy
                                                                                      Don’t we have enough people?

                             “End the one-
                          child policy, restore
                         population growth to a
                          sustainable rate”           Uphold the reproductive
                                                  rights of the Han Chinese race!




                                                                                    Deng Xiaoping himself said that the one-
                                                                                      child policy would be for 30 years!




                                                                                         Reward single childless
                                                                                      people with free health care...




Thursday, June 4, 2009                                                                                                         18
Internet heroine Deng Yujiao




Thursday, June 4, 2009                                  19
Imprisoned
            Online political organizers
        Liu Xiaobo




                               Zeng Jinyan & Hu Jia
                    Huang Qi
Thursday, June 4, 2009                                20
Cyber-nationalism:
   Anti-Tibet independence video




Thursday, June 4, 2009             21
Cyber-nationalism:
   Anti-Tibet independence video




Thursday, June 4, 2009             21
Cyber-nationalism:
   Anti-Tibet independence video




Thursday, June 4, 2009             21
Liberals vs. Nationalists




Thursday, June 4, 2009                       22
freedom vs. control




      Both photos in public domain via Wikipedia:
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpg
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg

Thursday, June 4, 2009                                                                          23
freedom vs. control




      Both photos in public domain via Wikipedia:
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpg
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg

Thursday, June 4, 2009                                                                          23

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Internet & Activism: 20 Years After Tiananmen

  • 1. Internet and Activism in China 20 Years after Tiananmen Rebecca MacKinnon Open Society Fellow Assistant Professor, University of Hong Kong Journalism & Media Studies Center Co-founder, Globalvoicesonline.org Thursday, June 4, 2009 1
  • 2. 20 years ago.. Thursday, June 4, 2009 2
  • 6. Google.cn top searches http://www.google.cn/rebang/detail?bid=12000000 What day is June 4 20th anniversary Today in history June 4th Twentieth anniversary Thursday, June 4, 2009 5
  • 7. Search engine censorship google.com Thursday, June 4, 2009 6
  • 8. Search engine censorship google.com baidu.com Thursday, June 4, 2009 6
  • 9. Search engine censorship google.com google.cn baidu.com Thursday, June 4, 2009 6
  • 10. The “Great Firewall” in action Thursday, June 4, 2009 7
  • 11. Blog company censorship Baidu: “Weʼre sorry, your article failed to be published. It contains inappropriate content, please check.” Thursday, June 4, 2009 8
  • 12. Sorry, the blog address youʼre visiting doesnʼt exist. Sorry, the page youʼre visiting canʼt be found. Thursday, June 4, 2009 9
  • 13. This week Ai Weiweiʼs blog “This blog has been closed” Thursday, June 4, 2009 10
  • 14. This week Ai Weiweiʼs blog “This blog has been closed” Thursday, June 4, 2009 10
  • 15. This week Ai Weiweiʼs blog “This blog has been closed” “The system is undergoing maintenance. Service is planned to resume early on the 6th” Thursday, June 4, 2009 10
  • 16. Thursday, June 4, 2009 11
  • 17. Thursday, June 4, 2009 11
  • 18. Anti-censorship Protest video: “song of the grass mud horse” “cao ni ma” “grass mud horse” (alpaca sheep) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3tPA_Z_MT0 Thursday, June 4, 2009 12
  • 19. Anti-censorship Protest video: “song of the grass mud horse” “cao ni ma” “grass mud horse” (alpaca sheep) * Same sounds, different tones = “F***your mother” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3tPA_Z_MT0 Thursday, June 4, 2009 12
  • 20. Anti-censorhip meme: “River crab wears three watches” Thursday, June 4, 2009 13
  • 21. Anti-censorhip meme: “River crab wears three watches” “He xie” “Harmonious” “Harmonious Society” Slogan of President Hu Jintao Thursday, June 4, 2009 13
  • 22. Anti-censorhip meme: “River crab wears three watches” “He xie” “Harmonious” “Harmonious Society” Slogan of President Hu Jintao “san ge dai biao” “Three Represents” Slogan of fmr. Pres. Jiang Zemin Thursday, June 4, 2009 13
  • 23. Anti-censorhip meme: “River crab wears three watches” “He xie” “Harmonious” “Rivercrab” “Harmonious Society” Slogan of President Hu Jintao “san ge dai biao” “Three Represents” Slogan of fmr. Pres. Jiang Zemin Thursday, June 4, 2009 13
  • 24. Anti-censorhip meme: “River crab wears three watches” “He xie” “Harmonious” “Rivercrab” “Harmonious Society” Slogan of President Hu Jintao “san ge dai biao” “dai san ge biao” “Three Represents” “Wears three watches” Slogan of fmr. Pres. Jiang Zemin Thursday, June 4, 2009 13
  • 25. River crab muzzles Twitter bird Thursday, June 4, 2009 14
  • 26. River crabs vs. alpaca sheep Thursday, June 4, 2009 15
  • 27. Prime Minister Wen Jiabaoʼs 2-hour live chat with “netizens” Thursday, June 4, 2009 16
  • 28. Prime Minister Wen Jiabaoʼs 2-hour live chat with “netizens” Thursday, June 4, 2009 16
  • 29. “E - Congress” http://elianghui.people.com.cn Sign up for a “membership Two suggestions for fighting corruption badge” Crackdown on ads for illegal medicine as hard as the anti-porn crackdown Suggestions for improving safety in coal mines Thursday, June 4, 2009 17
  • 30. Somebodyʼs proposal to abolish one child policy Don’t we have enough people? “End the one- child policy, restore population growth to a sustainable rate” Uphold the reproductive rights of the Han Chinese race! Deng Xiaoping himself said that the one- child policy would be for 30 years! Reward single childless people with free health care... Thursday, June 4, 2009 18
  • 31. Internet heroine Deng Yujiao Thursday, June 4, 2009 19
  • 32. Imprisoned Online political organizers Liu Xiaobo Zeng Jinyan & Hu Jia Huang Qi Thursday, June 4, 2009 20
  • 33. Cyber-nationalism: Anti-Tibet independence video Thursday, June 4, 2009 21
  • 34. Cyber-nationalism: Anti-Tibet independence video Thursday, June 4, 2009 21
  • 35. Cyber-nationalism: Anti-Tibet independence video Thursday, June 4, 2009 21
  • 37. freedom vs. control Both photos in public domain via Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg Thursday, June 4, 2009 23
  • 38. freedom vs. control Both photos in public domain via Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg Thursday, June 4, 2009 23