The document discusses cancer incurability and hospice care. It defines cancer as an uncontrolled growth of cells that can spread to other tissues. Cancer incurability means the cancer cannot be cured or there is no cure. Some cancers may be incurable but not all - early treatment and effective therapies can cure some cancers. A cancer is considered terminally incurable if it is advanced, growing rapidly, recurring and no effective treatment exists, and the patient is expected to pass away within a year. At that point, the goal shifts from curative to palliative care and hospice to improve quality of life.

1. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have an
understanding of
CANCER
INCURABILITY &
HOSPICE CARE in
their health
management.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
August 20, 2022
1400H - 1500H
Via Zoom

2. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have an
understanding of
CANCER
INCURABILITY &
HOSPICE CARE in
their health
management.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
ROJoson PEP Talk
I have a Patient
Empowerment
Program in which I
like to empower the
lay people or
patients to take
control in the
management of
their health.

3. There are 3 courses
in the PEP Talk.
I completed the Core
Course on October 9,
2021.

4. From October 23,
2021 onwards, I have
been tackling Health
Disorder and Health
Issue Courses. This
may take 3 years or
longer.

5. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have an
understanding of
CANCER
INCURABILITY &
HOSPICE CARE in
their health
management.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
My PEP TALK today
is entitled:
CANCER
INCURABILITY &
HOSPICE CARE.
This is part of the
Health Issue Course.

6. Contents of CANCER INCURABILITY & HOSPICE
CARE
• What is a cancer?
• What is the basic cause of cancer?
• What is cancer incurability?
• When do you stop cancer treatment because of
incurability?
• What is hospice care?
• What are essential components and issues on
hospice care?
• What are ROJoson’s advocating statements and
advice on cancer incurability & hospice care?
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

7. • What is a cancer?
Cancer is a disease.
Cancer is a medical disease when some of the
body’s cells grow uncontrollably with a potential
to invade the adjacent body tissues or organs and
to spread to distant tissues or organs.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

8. • What is a cancer? Cancer is a medical
disease when some of
the body’s cells grow
uncontrollably with a
potential
to invade the adjacent
body tissues or organs
and
to spread to distant
tissues or organs.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

9. • What is a cancer? Cancer is a medical
disease when some of
the body’s cells grow
uncontrollably with a
potential
to invade the adjacent
body tissues or organs
and
to spread to distant
tissues or organs.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

10. • What is the basic cause of cancer? Cancer is basically
a genetic disease—
that is, it is caused
by changes
to genes that
control the way
our cells function,
especially how
they grow and
divide.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

11. • What is the basic cause of cancer?
Cancer covers a wide spectrum of diseases
characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, which
is driven by down-regulation of tumour-
suppressing genes and/or up-regulation of
tumour-promoting genes.
Cancer is basically
a genetic disease—
that is, it is caused
by changes
to genes that
control the way
our cells function,
especially how
they grow and
divide.
Fail to stop uncontrolled cell growth!
Allow uncontrolled growth!
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

12. • What is cancer incurability?
The conventional definition of “medical cure”: a
medical condition or disease that’s completely
gone and will never come back.
Cancer incurability may either mean the
cancer cannot be cured anymore or there
is no cure for cancer to start with.
Is this true?
We have to qualify the answers and the context.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

13. • What is cancer incurability?
The conventional definition of “medical cure”: a
medical condition or disease that’s completely
gone and will never come back.
A medical condition or disease that is persistently
present (does not disappear) or keeps on coming
back after some quiet or remission time, until
time of death of a person, is strictly speaking is
INCURABLE.
Examples: diabetes, hypertension, arthritis,
asthma, Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Before answering the
question on cancer
incurability, allow me
to discuss first the
concept of
INCURABLE DISEASE.

14. • What is cancer incurability?
INCURABLE diseases are usually chronic but may
be acute.
Chronic diseases are defined broadly as
conditions that last 1 year (some use 3 months) or
more and require ongoing medical attention or
limit activities of daily living or both.
https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/index.htm
Incurable disease may also be “acute” in the
sense it lasts for a short time and patient dies
soon (as long as it is classified as incurable).
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Examples of diseases
that are incurable and
chronic (at times,
acute: diabetes,
hypertension,
arthritis, asthma,
Alzheimer’s disease,
and cancer.

15. • What is cancer incurability?
INCURABLE diseases may be chronic terminal
illnesses or chronic non-terminal illness.
What is chronic terminal illness?
It is an end-stage disease that cannot be cured or
adequately treated and controlled and is
reasonably expected to result in the death of the
patient within a short period of time.
This term is more commonly used for progressive
diseases such as cancer, dementia or advanced
heart disease than for injury.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

16. • What is cancer incurability?
INCURABLE diseases may be chronic terminal
illnesses or chronic non-terminal illness.
What is chronic non-terminal illness?
It is a chronic disease, though cannot be cured or
adequately treated and controlled, but is
reasonably not expected to result in the death of
the patient within a short period of time or
throughout life.
This term is more commonly used for non-
progressive or slow diseases such as arthritis and
hypertension that can be controlled and patients
can live with them all their life.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

17. • What is cancer incurability?
Looking and focusing on CANCER, if it is incurable
(which means, it will not disappear),
it may be:
• chronic (long time) or acute (short time or
short lifespan)
• chronic terminal disease (causing death soon)
or chronic non-terminal disease (not causing
death soon)
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

18. • What is cancer incurability?
Going back ---
Cancer incurability may either mean the
cancer cannot be cured anymore or there
is no cure for cancer to start with.
Is this true? Cancer is incurable!
We have to qualify the answers and the context.
My answer is YES and NO.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

19. • What is cancer incurability?
YES, cancer is an incurable disease because:
- Physicians up to now do not know the exact
cause of a particular cancer in a patient and most
of the treatment done are not directed towards
the triggering cause. Usual treatment modalities
for cancer, such as surgery, radiotherapy and
chemotherapy, are just directed towards removal
or dissolution of the cancer tumors and
afterwards, doing surveillance and hoping for a
none recurrence.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

20. • What is cancer incurability?
YES, cancer is an incurable disease because:
Majority, if not all physicians, will
- not guarantee cure for a cancer treatment.
- not commit to an assessment of “cure” after a
cancer treatment even if there are no evidence
of residual or recurrence.
- just say “no evidence of recurrence.”
- just say a patient is in complete remission even
if there are no evidences of cancer recurrence.
- hope and pray of no recurrence, yet ready to
be confronted with one.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

21. • What is cancer incurability?
YES, cancer is an incurable disease because:
- Majority of cancers recur after some time, short
time and even long duration after 10 to 15 years.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

22. • What is cancer incurability?
NO, cancer is NOT an incurable disease because:
- There are patients who have no cancer
recurrence after treatment, in remission for a long
time, say 15 years or longer. They should
rightfully be considered as cured of cancer. They
are the real cancer survivors.
- There are patients who have no cancer
recurrence after treatment, in remission for a long
time, say 10 years or longer, when they die of
non-cancer causes. They should also be rightfully
considered as cured of cancer.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

23. • What is cancer incurability?
My personal stand:
NO, not all cancers are incurable. Some are
curable.
There is still a chance for “cure” if there is:
- Early treatment
- Evidence-based effective treatment
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

24. • What is cancer incurability?
My other personal stand:
Cancer may not be incurable if:
• There is no known effective curative treatment
in whatever stage of the cancer.
• Current stage of cancer (advanced) at time of
first consultation is no longer curable.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
When the cancer has
grown too big for
treatment to work
and/or has spread to
other parts of the
body (metastasis).

25. • Importance of knowing concept of cancer
incurability
Importance of knowing the concept of cancer
incurability
One does NOT totally lose hope right away when
one has cancer!
But also one has to accept that some cancers are
incurable!
In some cancers, one may have to let nature take
its course.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Rather:
TRY. TRY, TRY
GO ALL OUT
Even if realistically
futile!

26. • What is cancer incurability?
Importance of knowing the concept of cancer
incurability
Promote sound decision-making by both patient-
relatives and physicians
• Formulating realistic goal of management
(palliative vs curative)
• Promoting quality of life
• Facilitating advance directive or end-of-life
preparedness
• Controlling unnecessary expenses
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

27. • What is cancer incurability?
When does one declare a cancer to be:
• curable?
• not curable?
• terminally incurable already?
• not yet terminally incurable?
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Parameters to use:
• Track record of the
specific cancer
• Stage of the cancer
• Behavior of the
cancer – growth
rate / recurring
• Presence or
absence of
effective curative
treatment

28. • What is cancer incurability?
When does one declare a cancer to be CURABLE:
• Track record that it is curable
• Early staged cancer
• Slow growth and not recurring
• Presence of effective curative treatment
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Parameters to use:
• Track record of the
specific cancer
• Stage of the cancer
• Behavior of the
cancer – growth
rate / recurring
• Presence or
absence of
effective curative
treatment

29. • What is cancer incurability?
When does one declare a cancer to be
INCURABLE:
• Track record that it is incurable
• Advanced staged cancer
• Fast growth and recurring
• Absence of effective curative treatment
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Parameters to use:
• Track record of the
specific cancer
• Stage of the cancer
• Behavior of the
cancer – growth
rate / recurring
• Presence or
absence of
effective curative
treatment

30. • What is cancer incurability?
When does one declare a cancer to be
TERMINALLY INCURABLE:
• Track record that it is incurable
• Advanced staged cancer
• Fast growth and recurring and progressive
• Absence of effective curative treatment
• Patient is expected to die within 6 months to 1
year based on medical experience
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Parameters to use:
• Track record of the
specific cancer
• Stage of the cancer
• Behavior of the
cancer – growth
rate / recurring
• Presence or
absence of
effective curative
treatment

31. • What is cancer incurability?
When does one declare a cancer to be NOT
TERMINALLY INCURABLE:
• Track record that it is incurable
• Advanced staged cancer
• Fast growth and recurring and progressive
• Absence of effective curative treatment
• Patient is NOT expected to die within 6 months
to 1 year based on medical experience
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Parameters to use:
• Track record of the
specific cancer
• Stage of the cancer
• Behavior of the
cancer – growth
rate / recurring
• Presence or
absence of
effective curative
treatment

32. • What is cancer incurability?
When does one declare a cancer to be
TERMINALLY INCURABLE:
• Track record that it is incurable
• Advanced stage cancer
• Fast growth and recurring and progressive
• Absence of effective curative treatment
• Patient is expected to die within 6 months to 1
year based on medical experience
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Once a patient is
declared to have
terminally incurable
cancer, what should
be done next?

33. • What is cancer incurability?
Important in decision-making:
• Formulating realistic goal of management
(PALLIATIVE - HOSPICE vs curative)
• Promoting quality of life
• Facilitating advance directive or end-of-life
preparedness
• Controlling unnecessary expenses
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Once a patient is
declared to have
terminally incurable
cancer, what should
be done next?

34. • What is cancer incurability?
The realistic goal of treatment should be one with
a palliative intent with hospice care (no longer a
curative intent).
The goal is just to promote of quality of life in
whatever remaining years / months of life of the
patient.
NO more active anti-cancer treatment.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Once a patient is
declared to have
terminally incurable
cancer, what should
be done next?

35. • What is cancer incurability?
When does one declare a cancer to be NOT
TERMINALLY INCURABLE:
• Track record that it is incurable
• Advanced stage cancer
• Fast growth and recurring and progressive
• Absence of effective curative treatment
• Patient is NOT expected to die within 6 months
to 1 year based on medical experience
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Once a patient is
declared to have a
non-terminally
incurable cancer, what
should be done next?

36. • What is cancer incurability?
The realistic goal of treatment should still be one
with a palliative intent (no longer a curative
intent).
The goal is just to control (not cure) the cancer
with continued promotion of quality of life in
whatever remaining years / months of life of the
patient.
Active anti-cancer treatment may still be done to
control the cancer.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Once a patient is
declared to have a
non-terminally
incurable cancer, what
should be done next?

37. • What is cancer incurability?
Approaches to treating incurable cancer:
• Palliative Intent
• Palliative Care
• Hospice Care
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

38. • What is PALLIATIVE intent and care?
When you say palliative intent of treatment, you
can still use any anti-cancer treatment modality
as indicated and if still feasible (to control the
cancer and to promote quality of life).
Anti-cancer treatment modalities include the
following:
• Surgery
• Radiation
• Chemotherapy
• Hormonal therapy
• Other anti-cancer treatment
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Palliative care vs
palliative intent
Palliative care = care
given with no
curative intent
(basically relieve
pain and promote
quality of life).
Palliative intent – no
more curative intent.

39. • What is hospice care?
Hospice care will come in if the patient with
terminal incurable cancer has only about 6
months to one year left to live (based on
experience or track records).
Hospice care is still part of the palliative intent of
treatment except that the anti-cancer treatment
is now withdrawn. Only measures or care to
promote quality of life remain.
Hospice care can be done at home or at hospital
or a hospice center.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Who determines start
of hospice care?
A physician – who
with experience can
reasonably say
patient has 6 months
to one year to live.
Then, patient and
relatives decide on no
anti-cancer treatment
anymore.
JUST palliative care.

40. • What is hospice care?
Short history of hospice care
The concept of providing specialized care for
dying patients, linking pain and symptom control
with compassionate care, began in England in the
1950's, when a pioneering physician named Dame
Cicely Saunders created the first modern hospice
there in 1967.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

41. • What is hospice care?
In general, particularly in the USA, hospice
care should be used when a person is expected
to live about 6 months or less if the illness runs its
usual course.
Personally, I would use 6 months to 12 months as
it is hard to predict exactly when a patient is going
to die or how long he is going to live.
The other prerequisite for hospice is the decision
to withhold direct anti-cancer treatment.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

42. Palliative and Hospice Care
Basically, what are done in palliative and hospice
care:
Pain management
• Physical
• Mental
• Spiritual
Quality of life promotion
Until the end-of-life moment!
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE

43. • Advance Health Care Directive
Ideally, there must be an advance directive by the
patient in hospice care.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
An advance health care directive or
living will is an advance health care
planning in which the author or
person who makes this explains how
he wants medical decisions to be
made in case he cannot make
decisions already.
Issue in Hospice Care

44. Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
By setting the contents of an advance
health care directive,
the author is exercising his right of
patient autonomy as what are usually
placed in the directive are
what medical measures he will allow to
done and
what he does not want to be done to his
body.
Advance Health Care Directive
or Advance Directive
Issue in Hospice Care

45. Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Advance Health Care Directive
or Advance Directive
This document serves as a guide to the
immediate relatives and significant others
when the time comes to implement the
contents as well as to the health care
professionals who may eventually be
called to manage him.
Issue in Hospice Care

46. • DIET and FLUIDS in Hospice Care
Helpful Things to Consider in DIET and FLUIDS
• Decreasing food and fluid intake is a common,
natural part of the dying process.
• Most dying people do not experience thirst or
hunger as death approaches.
• Giving food and fluids by artificial means (e.g.,
intravenously) does not usually prolong life or
improve its quality.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
https://victoriahospice.or
g/wp-
content/uploads/2019/07
/food_and_fluids_brochu
re_2017.pdf
Issue in Hospice Care

47. • DIET and FLUIDS in Hospice Care
Helpful Things to Consider in FOOD and FLUIDS
• Providing food and fluids by artificial means
may, in fact, increase distressing symptoms
such as shortness of breath, respiratory
congestion, restlessness, nausea and vomiting.
• When people have difficulty swallowing, eating
and drinking may put them at risk for choking.
• Artificial hydration does not provide nutrition.
• Artificial hydration does not usually prevent or
improve thirst or relieve a dry mouth.
• Frequent mouth care can help relieve a dry
mouth.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
https://victoriahospice.or
g/wp-
content/uploads/2019/07
/food_and_fluids_brochu
re_2017.pdf
Issue in Hospice Care

48. • PLACE of Hospice Care
Decide where to have hospice care:
at home, at hospital, or at a hospice center.
Decide whether to die at home, hospital or
hospice center.
Use the advance directive to guide everybody.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Issue in Hospice Care

49. Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
• ROJoson advocating statements and advice on
cancer incurability & hospice care

50. All laypeople must know the basic concepts,
principles and processes of cancer incurability and
hospice care.
Part of PATIENT EMPOWERMENT.
Use the 4Ks of Patient Empowerment:
Kaalaman, Kakayanan, Karapatan and
Kapangyarihan
to gain greater control over decisions in medical
management of oneself and relatives by knowing
the basic concepts and principles and processes in
CANCER INCURABILITY & HOSPICE CARE.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
• ROJoson advocating statements and advice on
cancer incurability & hospice care

51. All laypeople must know the basic concepts,
principles and processes of cancer incurability and
hospice care.
The 4Ks promote sound decision-making by both
patient-relatives and physicians in the realms of:
• Formulating realistic goal of management
(palliative vs curative)
• Promoting quality of life
• Controlling unnecessary expenses
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
• ROJoson advocating statements and advice on
cancer incurability & hospice care

52. One does NOT totally lose hope right away when
one has cancer!
It all depends on the situation – the type of
cancer; the stage; the presence or absence of
effective treatment; etc.
There are still some cancers which can be “cured!”
NOT all cancers are incurable!
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
• ROJoson advocating statements and advice on
cancer incurability & hospice care

53. However, one has to accept that some cancers are
really incurable or already incurable!
In some cancers, one may just have to let nature
take its course.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Rather than:
TRY. TRY, TRY
GO ALL OUT
In cancer treatment
Even if it is
realistically futile!
• ROJoson advocating statements and advice on
cancer incurability & hospice care

54. If the cancer is deemed curable – choose the best,
the most cost-effective treatment to promote
cure.
If the cancer is deemed incurable already –
choose the most practical and the most cost-
effective treatment to promote palliation.
If the cancer is deemed terminally incurable
already – choose the most practical and most
cost-effective treatment to promote a peaceful
death.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Rather than:
TRY. TRY, TRY
GO ALL OUT
In cancer treatment
Even if it is
realistically futile!
• ROJoson advocating statements and advice on
cancer incurability & hospice care

55. Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
• ROJoson advocating statements and advice on
cancer incurability & hospice care
Know the bases of declaring a cancer to be:
• curable?
• not curable?
• terminally incurable already?
• not yet terminally incurable?
Parameters to use:
• Track record of the
specific cancer
• Stage of the cancer
• Behavior of the
cancer – growth
rate / recurring
• Presence or
absence of
effective curative
treatment

56. Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
• ROJoson advocating statements and advice on
cancer incurability & hospice care
Then, decide on the realistic goal of treatment.
• Curative
• Palliative
• With anti-cancer treatment
• Without anti-cancer treatment

57. Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
• ROJoson advocating statements and advice on
cancer incurability & hospice care
For terminally incurable cancer:
Have an advance health care directive.
Give details on how the terminally-ill patient will
be managed up to his last breath.
• Place of care – home / hospital / hospice
center
• Diet and nutrition
• Procedures (diagnostic tests / treatment)
• Etc.
Let nature take its
course!
Palliate to promote a
peaceful death!
Palliate to promote a
quality of life!

58. Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
• ROJoson advocating statements and advice on
cancer incurability & hospice care
Hattie Bryant’s four steps to a peaceful
death are as follows:
• Acknowledge the inevitability of death
• Understand the limits of medicine
• Educate yourself about your health care
choices
• Communicate your wishes and choose
a proxy
Let nature take its
course!
Palliate to promote a
peaceful death!
Palliate to promote a
quality of life!

59. Contents of CANCER INCURABILITY & HOSPICE
CARE
• What is a cancer?
• What is the basic cause of cancer?
• What is cancer incurability?
• When do you stop cancer treatment because of
incurability?
• What is hospice care?
• What are essential components and issues on
hospice care?
• What are ROJoson’s advocating statements and
advice on cancer incurability & hospice care?
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Summary
Take Away

60. Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE
Take Away in
relation to
Patient
Empowerment
Be always in touch with reliable medical
information on CANCER INCURABILITY & HOSPICE
CARE.
Knowledge is power; it gives power.
Use the 4Ks of Patient Empowerment:
Kaalaman, Kakayanan, Karapatan and
Kapangyarihan
to gain greater control over decisions in
medical management of oneself by
knowing the basic principles and processes
in CANCER INCURABILITY & HOSPICE
CARE.

61. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have an
understanding of
CANCER
INCURABILITY &
HOSPICE CARE in
their health
management.
Health Issue
Course –
CANCER
INCURABILITY
& HOSPICE
CARE