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January 24, 2020
Open Letter to Brazilian Authorities on the Charges Against Journalist Glenn
Greenwald
Presidente da República, Jair Bolsonaro
Presidente da Câmara dos Deputados, Rodrigo Felinto Ibarra Epitácio Maia
Presidente do Senado, David Samuel Alcolumbre Tobelem
Presidente do Supremo Tribunal Federal, José Antonio Dias Toffoli
Procurador Geral da República, Antônio Augusto Brandão de Aras
Corregedora Geral do Ministério Público Federal, Elizeta Maria de Paiva Ramos
Procuradora Federal dos Direitos dos Cidadãos, Deborah Macedo Duprat de Britto Pereira
We, the undersigned press freedom and civil liberties organizations, emphatically
condemn the Brazilian authorities’ criminal charges against the award-winning
investigative journalist Glenn Greenwald.
These charges represent a straightforward attempt to intimidate and retaliate against
Greenwald and The Intercept for their critical reporting on messages that appeared to
show a judge advising federal prosecutors how to prosecute cases he was presiding
over in the “Operation Car Wash” investigation. Further, by charging Greenwald with a
cybercrime the government has essentially criminalized engaging in legitimate
journalistic practices, which threatens to have a chilling effect on journalists and sources
alike.
The recently disclosed charges are only the most recent development in a campaign of
harassment against journalists covering the scandal. Threats against them have been
documented since last June, when The Intercept began publishing a series of important
public interest stories based on a cache of leaked Telegram messages between public
officials.
A coalition of 29 free speech and human rights organizations penned a letter in July
2019 to denounce these threats.1
Then, as now, the implications affect not just
Greenwald and his colleagues, but the broader free press in Brazil, including both
domestic and international media.
The attacks on Greenwald and The Intercept have included specific death threats,
public disinformation, and a criminal prosecution. Notably, in August 2019, in a
remarkable opinion by a member of Brazil’s highest court ordered any police
investigation into Greenwald halted and condemned any such efforts as “an
unambiguous act of censorship” in violation of the country’s constitution.2
1 RSF Launches International Appeal for Support for The Intercept Brasil's Staff: Reporters without Borders.” RSF,
31 Jul. 2019, https://rsf.org/en/news/rsf-launches-international-appeal-support-intercept-brasils-staff.
2 Timm, Trevor. “Brazil Supreme Court Minister Rules to Protect Press Freedom for Glenn Greenwald and The
Intercept.” The Intercept, 8 Aug. 2019, https://theintercept.com/2019/08/08/brazil-supreme-court-glenn-
The right of journalists to report on primary source materials documenting official
malfeasance is a critically important press freedom issue. The Federal Prosecutor’s
Office has abused its power by charging Greenwald for doing just that — despite a
federal police conclusion just last month that there was no evidence that Greenwald
committed any crime in relation to the leaked messages.3
Given the Supreme Court injunction and that federal police conclusion, the Federal
Prosecutor’s Office’s position that Greenwald conspired to commit a crime with his
anonymous source is unjustifiable.
These charges await approval from a federal judge, giving the courts the opportunity to
reject them and protect freedom of the press. Even so, the chilling effect of such legal
intimidation remains. If these tactics are allowed to stand, it would jeopardize all
Brazilians’ freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom to participate in
democracy.
Sincerely,
Freedom of the Press Foundation*
Reporters Without Borders
Access Now
Agência Pública
American Civil Liberties Union
ARTICLE 19 Brazil and South America
Asociación por los Derechos Civiles
Association for Progressive Communications
(APC)
Brave New Films
Brazilian Association of Investigative Journalism
(Abraji)
CODEPINK
Columbia Journalism Review
Committee to Protect Journalists
Cooperativa Tierra Común
Demand Progress
Derechos Digitales
Doc Society
Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)
ExposeFacts
Fight for the Future
Fundación Acceso (Costa Rica)
Fundación Ciudadania Inteligente
Fundación Datos Protegidos (Chile)
Fundación Karisma
Fundación Huaira (Ecuador)
Fundación Vía Libre
Guardian News & Media
Human Rights Watch
IFEX
IFEX-ALC
IPANDETEC Centroamérica
Instituto Vladimir Herzog
International Press Institute
Intervozes
National Federation of Brazilian Journalists
(FENAJ)
Newscoop
Pen International
Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
Roots Action
Sursiendo CCD
TEDIC
Ubunteam Community
Usuarios Digitales
World Association of News Publishers
Witness
* Glenn Greenwald serves as a member of the board of directors.
greenwald/.
3 Valeda, Raphael. “Spoofing: PF Buscou Crimes Em Conduta De Glenn, Mas Não Encontrou.” Metrópoles, 20
Dec. 2019, https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/justica/spoofing-pf-buscou-crimes-em-conduta-de-glenn-mas-nao-
encontrou.
24 de janeiro de 2020
Carta aberta às autoridades brasileiras sobre a denúncia do MPF contra o
jornalista Glenn Greenwald
Presidente da República, Jair Bolsonaro
Presidente da Câmara dos Deputados, Rodrigo Felinto Ibarra Epitácio Maia
Presidente do Senado, David Samuel Alcolumbre Tobelem
Presidente do Supremo Tribunal Federal, José Antonio Dias Toffoli
Procurador Geral da República, Antônio Augusto Brandão de Aras
Corregedora Geral do Ministério Público Federal, Elizeta Maria de Paiva Ramos
Procuradora Federal dos Direitos dos Cidadãos, Deborah Macedo Duprat de Britto Pereira
As organizações signatárias, defensoras da liberdade de imprensa e dos direitos civis,
condenam enfaticamente a denúncia oferecida pelo Ministério Público Federal (MPF)
contra o renomado jornalista investigativo Glenn Greenwald.
Estas representam uma clara tentativa de intimidação e retaliação contra Glenn
Greenwald e o The Intercept Brasil, em decorrência da publicação de uma série de
reportagens com base em mensagens que aparentam indicar a colaboração entre um
procurador e o juiz responsável por julgar os crimes identificados pela força-tarefa da
Operação Lava Jato. Ao acusar Glenn Greenwald de ter cometido crimes digitais, o
Ministério Público Federal (MPF) essencialmente criminaliza práticas legítimas relativas
ao exercício jornalístico, inibindo simultaneamente jornalistas e suas fontes.
A denúncia apresentada no dia 21 de janeiro de 2020 pelo Ministério Público Federal
(MPF) é apenas o mais recente episódio de uma extensa campanha para perseguir e
desacreditar os jornalistas cobrindo o tema. Eles foram alvo de diversas ameaças
desde junho de 2019, quando o The Intercept Brasil começou a reportar sobre o
conteúdo das mensagens trocadas por autoridades públicas pelo aplicativo Telegram,
obtidas por uma fonte anônima. Uma coalizão de 29 organizações defensoras da
liberdade de expressão e dos direitos humanos publicou um chamado internacional em
julho de 2019 para denunciar essas ameaças contra os jornalistas do The Intercept
Brasil1
. Naquele momento, assim como agora, o alcance desses ataques transcende a
figura de Glenn Greenwald e de seus colegas, e impacta a liberdade de imprensa no
Brasil como um todo.
Os ataques contra Glenn Greenwald e o The Intercept Brasil incluem ameaças de
morte, desinformação e um processo criminal. Vale destacar que uma investigação foi
interditada em agosto de 2019, por uma decisão liminar de um ministro do Supremo
Tribunal Federal (STF), na qual afirma que a iniciativa poderia "configurar inequívoco
ato de censura”, em violação da Constituição Federal2
.
1 RSF Launches International Appeal for Support for The Intercept Brasil's Staff: Reporters without Borders.” RSF,
31 Jul. 2019, https://rsf.org/en/news/rsf-launches-international-appeal-support-intercept-brasils-staff.
2 Timm, Trevor. “Brazil Supreme Court Minister Rules to Protect Press Freedom for Glenn Greenwald and The
Intercept.” The Intercept, 8 Aug. 2019, https://theintercept.com/2019/08/08/brazil-supreme-court-glenn-
greenwald/.
O direito de jornalistas reportarem com base em fontes primárias que evidenciam
irregularidades cometidas por autoridades públicas é um aspecto crucial da liberdade
de imprensa. O Ministério Público Federal (MPF) abusou do seu poder ao acusar Glenn
Greenwald de exercer essa atividade - apesar da conclusão da Polícia Federal
publicada em um relatório em dezembro de 2019, afirmando não haver evidências de
que o jornalista tenha cometido qualquer tipo de crime relacionado ao vazamento das
mensagens.3
Considerando a decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) e as conclusões
apresentadas pela Polícia Federal, a presente denúncia oferecida pelo Ministério
Público Federal (MPF) de que Glenn Greenwald teria conspirado com sua fonte
anônima é injustificável.
A denúncia será analisada por um juiz federal, dando uma oportunidade ao judiciário de
rejeitá-la e assim assegurar a liberdade de imprensa. Ainda assim, o efeito dissuasivo
que gera esse tipo de intimidação permanece. Ao se permitir que essa estratégia
prevaleça, se coloca em risco a liberdade de expressão, a liberdade de imprensa e a
liberdade de participação democrática.
Atenciosamente,
Freedom of the Press Foundation*
Reporters Without Borders
Access Now
Agência Pública
American Civil Liberties Union
ARTICLE 19 Brazil and South America
Asociación por los Derechos Civiles
Association for Progressive Communications
(APC)
Brave New Films
Brazilian Association of Investigative Journalism
(Abraji)
CODEPINK
Columbia Journalism Review
Committee to Protect Journalists
Cooperativa Tierra Común
Demand Progress
Derechos Digitales
Doc Society
Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)
ExposeFacts
Fight for the Future
Fundación Acceso (Costa Rica)
Fundación Ciudadania Inteligente
Fundación Datos Protegidos (Chile)
Fundación Karisma
Fundación Huaira (Ecuador)
Fundación Vía Libre
Guardian News & Media
Human Rights Watch
IFEX
IFEX-ALC
IPANDETEC Centroamérica
Instituto Vladimir Herzog
International Press Institute
Intervozes
National Federation of Brazilian Journalists
(FENAJ)
Newscoop
Pen International
Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
Roots Action
Sursiendo CCD
TEDIC
Ubunteam Community
Usuarios Digitales
World Association of News Publishers
Witness
3 Valeda, Raphael. “Spoofing: PF Buscou Crimes Em Conduta De Glenn, Mas Não Encontrou.” Metrópoles, 20
Dec. 2019, https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/justica/spoofing-pf-buscou-crimes-em-conduta-de-glenn-mas-nao-
encontrou.

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Carta das entidades

  • 1. January 24, 2020 Open Letter to Brazilian Authorities on the Charges Against Journalist Glenn Greenwald Presidente da República, Jair Bolsonaro Presidente da Câmara dos Deputados, Rodrigo Felinto Ibarra Epitácio Maia Presidente do Senado, David Samuel Alcolumbre Tobelem Presidente do Supremo Tribunal Federal, José Antonio Dias Toffoli Procurador Geral da República, Antônio Augusto Brandão de Aras Corregedora Geral do Ministério Público Federal, Elizeta Maria de Paiva Ramos Procuradora Federal dos Direitos dos Cidadãos, Deborah Macedo Duprat de Britto Pereira We, the undersigned press freedom and civil liberties organizations, emphatically condemn the Brazilian authorities’ criminal charges against the award-winning investigative journalist Glenn Greenwald. These charges represent a straightforward attempt to intimidate and retaliate against Greenwald and The Intercept for their critical reporting on messages that appeared to show a judge advising federal prosecutors how to prosecute cases he was presiding over in the “Operation Car Wash” investigation. Further, by charging Greenwald with a cybercrime the government has essentially criminalized engaging in legitimate journalistic practices, which threatens to have a chilling effect on journalists and sources alike. The recently disclosed charges are only the most recent development in a campaign of harassment against journalists covering the scandal. Threats against them have been documented since last June, when The Intercept began publishing a series of important public interest stories based on a cache of leaked Telegram messages between public officials. A coalition of 29 free speech and human rights organizations penned a letter in July 2019 to denounce these threats.1 Then, as now, the implications affect not just Greenwald and his colleagues, but the broader free press in Brazil, including both domestic and international media. The attacks on Greenwald and The Intercept have included specific death threats, public disinformation, and a criminal prosecution. Notably, in August 2019, in a remarkable opinion by a member of Brazil’s highest court ordered any police investigation into Greenwald halted and condemned any such efforts as “an unambiguous act of censorship” in violation of the country’s constitution.2 1 RSF Launches International Appeal for Support for The Intercept Brasil's Staff: Reporters without Borders.” RSF, 31 Jul. 2019, https://rsf.org/en/news/rsf-launches-international-appeal-support-intercept-brasils-staff. 2 Timm, Trevor. “Brazil Supreme Court Minister Rules to Protect Press Freedom for Glenn Greenwald and The Intercept.” The Intercept, 8 Aug. 2019, https://theintercept.com/2019/08/08/brazil-supreme-court-glenn-
  • 2. The right of journalists to report on primary source materials documenting official malfeasance is a critically important press freedom issue. The Federal Prosecutor’s Office has abused its power by charging Greenwald for doing just that — despite a federal police conclusion just last month that there was no evidence that Greenwald committed any crime in relation to the leaked messages.3 Given the Supreme Court injunction and that federal police conclusion, the Federal Prosecutor’s Office’s position that Greenwald conspired to commit a crime with his anonymous source is unjustifiable. These charges await approval from a federal judge, giving the courts the opportunity to reject them and protect freedom of the press. Even so, the chilling effect of such legal intimidation remains. If these tactics are allowed to stand, it would jeopardize all Brazilians’ freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom to participate in democracy. Sincerely, Freedom of the Press Foundation* Reporters Without Borders Access Now Agência Pública American Civil Liberties Union ARTICLE 19 Brazil and South America Asociación por los Derechos Civiles Association for Progressive Communications (APC) Brave New Films Brazilian Association of Investigative Journalism (Abraji) CODEPINK Columbia Journalism Review Committee to Protect Journalists Cooperativa Tierra Común Demand Progress Derechos Digitales Doc Society Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) ExposeFacts Fight for the Future Fundación Acceso (Costa Rica) Fundación Ciudadania Inteligente Fundación Datos Protegidos (Chile) Fundación Karisma Fundación Huaira (Ecuador) Fundación Vía Libre Guardian News & Media Human Rights Watch IFEX IFEX-ALC IPANDETEC Centroamérica Instituto Vladimir Herzog International Press Institute Intervozes National Federation of Brazilian Journalists (FENAJ) Newscoop Pen International Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press Roots Action Sursiendo CCD TEDIC Ubunteam Community Usuarios Digitales World Association of News Publishers Witness * Glenn Greenwald serves as a member of the board of directors. greenwald/. 3 Valeda, Raphael. “Spoofing: PF Buscou Crimes Em Conduta De Glenn, Mas Não Encontrou.” Metrópoles, 20 Dec. 2019, https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/justica/spoofing-pf-buscou-crimes-em-conduta-de-glenn-mas-nao- encontrou.
  • 3. 24 de janeiro de 2020 Carta aberta às autoridades brasileiras sobre a denúncia do MPF contra o jornalista Glenn Greenwald Presidente da República, Jair Bolsonaro Presidente da Câmara dos Deputados, Rodrigo Felinto Ibarra Epitácio Maia Presidente do Senado, David Samuel Alcolumbre Tobelem Presidente do Supremo Tribunal Federal, José Antonio Dias Toffoli Procurador Geral da República, Antônio Augusto Brandão de Aras Corregedora Geral do Ministério Público Federal, Elizeta Maria de Paiva Ramos Procuradora Federal dos Direitos dos Cidadãos, Deborah Macedo Duprat de Britto Pereira As organizações signatárias, defensoras da liberdade de imprensa e dos direitos civis, condenam enfaticamente a denúncia oferecida pelo Ministério Público Federal (MPF) contra o renomado jornalista investigativo Glenn Greenwald. Estas representam uma clara tentativa de intimidação e retaliação contra Glenn Greenwald e o The Intercept Brasil, em decorrência da publicação de uma série de reportagens com base em mensagens que aparentam indicar a colaboração entre um procurador e o juiz responsável por julgar os crimes identificados pela força-tarefa da Operação Lava Jato. Ao acusar Glenn Greenwald de ter cometido crimes digitais, o Ministério Público Federal (MPF) essencialmente criminaliza práticas legítimas relativas ao exercício jornalístico, inibindo simultaneamente jornalistas e suas fontes. A denúncia apresentada no dia 21 de janeiro de 2020 pelo Ministério Público Federal (MPF) é apenas o mais recente episódio de uma extensa campanha para perseguir e desacreditar os jornalistas cobrindo o tema. Eles foram alvo de diversas ameaças desde junho de 2019, quando o The Intercept Brasil começou a reportar sobre o conteúdo das mensagens trocadas por autoridades públicas pelo aplicativo Telegram, obtidas por uma fonte anônima. Uma coalizão de 29 organizações defensoras da liberdade de expressão e dos direitos humanos publicou um chamado internacional em julho de 2019 para denunciar essas ameaças contra os jornalistas do The Intercept Brasil1 . Naquele momento, assim como agora, o alcance desses ataques transcende a figura de Glenn Greenwald e de seus colegas, e impacta a liberdade de imprensa no Brasil como um todo. Os ataques contra Glenn Greenwald e o The Intercept Brasil incluem ameaças de morte, desinformação e um processo criminal. Vale destacar que uma investigação foi interditada em agosto de 2019, por uma decisão liminar de um ministro do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), na qual afirma que a iniciativa poderia "configurar inequívoco ato de censura”, em violação da Constituição Federal2 . 1 RSF Launches International Appeal for Support for The Intercept Brasil's Staff: Reporters without Borders.” RSF, 31 Jul. 2019, https://rsf.org/en/news/rsf-launches-international-appeal-support-intercept-brasils-staff. 2 Timm, Trevor. “Brazil Supreme Court Minister Rules to Protect Press Freedom for Glenn Greenwald and The Intercept.” The Intercept, 8 Aug. 2019, https://theintercept.com/2019/08/08/brazil-supreme-court-glenn- greenwald/.
  • 4. O direito de jornalistas reportarem com base em fontes primárias que evidenciam irregularidades cometidas por autoridades públicas é um aspecto crucial da liberdade de imprensa. O Ministério Público Federal (MPF) abusou do seu poder ao acusar Glenn Greenwald de exercer essa atividade - apesar da conclusão da Polícia Federal publicada em um relatório em dezembro de 2019, afirmando não haver evidências de que o jornalista tenha cometido qualquer tipo de crime relacionado ao vazamento das mensagens.3 Considerando a decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) e as conclusões apresentadas pela Polícia Federal, a presente denúncia oferecida pelo Ministério Público Federal (MPF) de que Glenn Greenwald teria conspirado com sua fonte anônima é injustificável. A denúncia será analisada por um juiz federal, dando uma oportunidade ao judiciário de rejeitá-la e assim assegurar a liberdade de imprensa. Ainda assim, o efeito dissuasivo que gera esse tipo de intimidação permanece. Ao se permitir que essa estratégia prevaleça, se coloca em risco a liberdade de expressão, a liberdade de imprensa e a liberdade de participação democrática. Atenciosamente, Freedom of the Press Foundation* Reporters Without Borders Access Now Agência Pública American Civil Liberties Union ARTICLE 19 Brazil and South America Asociación por los Derechos Civiles Association for Progressive Communications (APC) Brave New Films Brazilian Association of Investigative Journalism (Abraji) CODEPINK Columbia Journalism Review Committee to Protect Journalists Cooperativa Tierra Común Demand Progress Derechos Digitales Doc Society Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) ExposeFacts Fight for the Future Fundación Acceso (Costa Rica) Fundación Ciudadania Inteligente Fundación Datos Protegidos (Chile) Fundación Karisma Fundación Huaira (Ecuador) Fundación Vía Libre Guardian News & Media Human Rights Watch IFEX IFEX-ALC IPANDETEC Centroamérica Instituto Vladimir Herzog International Press Institute Intervozes National Federation of Brazilian Journalists (FENAJ) Newscoop Pen International Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press Roots Action Sursiendo CCD TEDIC Ubunteam Community Usuarios Digitales World Association of News Publishers Witness 3 Valeda, Raphael. “Spoofing: PF Buscou Crimes Em Conduta De Glenn, Mas Não Encontrou.” Metrópoles, 20 Dec. 2019, https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/justica/spoofing-pf-buscou-crimes-em-conduta-de-glenn-mas-nao- encontrou.