Journey to DDS(Part 1 F1).pptx

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Journey to the Center of DDS
Part I

Journey to the Center of DDS( Part I )
Introduction to IMD
Marketed Products
Oldies but Goodies Products (Controlled Release)
Products in Development
5Oldies but Goodies Products(Chromotherapeutic DDS)
Prepared by
Changbaek Lim
Oldies but Goodies Products (Targeted DDS)
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; Marketed Products
Chapter I : Introduction to IMD

Classes of therapeutic and delivery paradigms
Each of the five generations of therapeutic (small molecules, proteins and peptides, antibodies,
nucleic acids and cell therapies (live cells)) have their unique delivery challenges

These challenges have led to the development of the following delivery paradigms for improved
therapeutic function
: the modification of the drug or of its environment and the design of drug delivery systems

Regardless of the class of therapeutic, drug delivery systems have adopted one or
more strategies for drug modification or environmental modification

Various routes of drug administration

Pharmacokinetic phases of a drug
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

Schematic of transport of drug through plasma
membrane by passive transport and active transport

Schematic of barriers to drug distributions I
; Plasma protein binding

Schematic of barriers to drug distributions II
; Anatomical barriers

Schematic of drug metabolism
in the liver as well as the cells

Schematic illustration of drug excretion
from the body by kidneys, liver, skin and airways

Drug plasma levels and release profiles

Theory of
Controlled Drug Delivery
System(CDDS)

Limitations of Conventional
drug delivery systems

Medical Rationale behind controlled release
drug delivery systems (CRDDS)

General design considerations of controlled
release drug delivery systems (CRDDS)

Dissolution-controlled delivery systems

General design considerations of controlled
release drug delivery systems (CRDDSs

Solid unit dosage forms
(a)Tablets (b) Effervescent tablets (c) Chewable tablets(d) Pills
(e) Hard-gelatine capsules (f) Soft-gelatine capsules (g) Lozenges(h) Granules

Biopharmaceutical Classification System I

Key factor
first-pass effect
absorption metabolism
excretion
distribution
Biopharmaceutical Classification System II

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Biopharmaceutical Classification System III

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Biopharmaceutical Classification System IV

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 Class boundary parameters (solubility, permeability, and dissolution) are for easy
identification and determination of BCS class
 Solubility
 A drug substance is considered highly soluble when the highest dose strength is
soluble in 250 mL or less of water over a pH range of 1–7.5 at 37 °C
 Permeability
 A drug substance is considered highly permeable when the extent of absorption in
humans is greater than 90% of an administered dose, based on mass-balance or
compared with an intravenous reference dose
 Dissolution
 A drug product is considered rapidly dissolving when 85% or more of the labeled
amount of drug substance dissolves within 30 min using USPApparatus 1 or 2 in
a volume of 900 mL or less of buffer solutions
Biopharmaceutical Classification System V

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IMD
(Incrementally Modified Drug)

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개량신약 이란 ?
홈런을 노리는 4번 타자보다는 안타 4개로 득점하는 전략 !

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신약/개량신약/제네릭 : 뭐가 중한디 ?
53.55 %

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신약/개량신약/제네릭 비교

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약효군 별 허가 현황

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개량신약 목록 (2009년 ∼ 2021년)

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개량신약 목록 (2009년 ∼ 2021년)

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개량신약 목록 (2009년 ∼ 2021년)

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개량신약 목록 (2009년 ∼ 2021년)

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개량신약 목록 (2009년 ∼ 2021년)

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개량신약 목록 (2009년 ∼ 2021년)

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개량신약 목록 (2009년 ∼ 2021년)

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개량신약 목록 (2009년 ∼ 2021년)

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개량신약 목록 (2009년 ∼ 2021년)

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개량신약 목록 (2009년 ∼ 2021년)

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개량신약 목록 (2009년 ∼ 2021년)

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; Marketed Products
Chapter II : Marketed Products

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한국 유나이티드 제약

한국유나이티드제약
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유나이티드제약 개량신약
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Products 01 : Cilostan CR
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Double Controlled Release System

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Ionex Taste Masking Technology
Products 02 : 로민콤프 시럽

Taste masking technology using ion exchange resin
 이온교환수지를 이용하여 쓴맛을 근본적으로 차폐
 이온교환수지의 음이온기와 쓴맛을 느끼게 하는 약물의 양이온기 이온결합
 구강내의 중성 환경에서는 약물이 해리되지 않기 때문에 쓴맛을 느낄수 없음
☞ 위내의 산성 환경에서 이온 결합이 끊어지고 약물이 해리되어 흡수
 구강 내에서 쓴 맛을 느낄 수 없으며 위내에서는 이온 결합이 끊어지고 약물 흡수
 쓴 맛으로 인해 제품화 어렵거나 복약순응도가 떨어지는 주성분 단점을 극복
 로민콤프시럽 : 펠라고니움 시도이데스 + 황련(급성기관지염)
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Products 02 : 로민콤프 시럽

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Products 03 : 아트맥 콤비젤

Combi Gel Technology
 기존 복합제제화가 어려웠던 액상과 고형정제의 복합제 제조기술
 액상의 연질캡슐제 내부 + 정제 복합제제
☞ 물성 차이 및 물리화학적 상호작용
☞ 복합제 개발이 어려웠던 액상/고형제제의 복합제 가능
 내부 정제 : 안정성에 영향을 미치는 외부 환경과의 접촉 차단
☞ 안정성 문제가 있는 약물의 제제화에 용이
☞ 액상층과의 반응은 barrier coating을 통해 극복
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Double SODAS(Spheroidal Oral Drug Absorption System)
 사노피-아벤티스 복합제Duo Plavin 비교
 장기복용에 따른 아스피린의 위점막 자극 등의 부작용 최소화
 성분 간의 약물상호작용을 방지
→ 안정성을 높일 수 있도록 double SODAS 제제기술 적용
→ 장용성펠렛(enteric coating pellet)
 Double SODAS
 클로피도그렐(속방성 펠렛) + 아스피린(장용성 펠렛)
→ 캡슐 충진해 주성분 간의 물리적 접촉을 차단함으로써 안정성 강화
 단일제 병용투여와의 비교임상시험
→ 클로피도그렐, 아스피린 뿐만 아니라 각각의 활성대사체에 대해서도
동등한 약물동태학적 특성
Products 04 : 클라박신 듀오 캅셀

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Double Controlled Release System
 기존 약물의 방출을 조절하여 환자의 치료효과를 극대화 시킬 수 있는 기술
 수용성 고분자 매트릭스 형태 장점 + 장에서 별도의 제어 시스템 작용
☞ 약물의 방출제어가 일정하고 정교
☞ 생체 내 혈중농도가 일정하게 유지
☞ 부작용의 발현을 억제하는 제어방출 기술
시판제품 : 레보틱스 CR(2017년 발매)
 Levodropropizine 이중 제어 방출 기술 적용
☞ 3 Times / Day → 2 Times / Day
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Products 05 : 레보틱스 CR 서방정

BILDAS(Bilayerd Drug Absorption System)

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BILDAS(Bilayerd Drug Absorption System)
 빠른 약효발현과 일정한 약효의 유지가 가능한 제제기술
 단순 matrix 제형 단점
 약효발현(onset)의 지연이 발생
→ 독립적인 방출속도를 갖는 속방층과 서방층으로 이루어진 multi-layer tablet
→ 서방화에 따른 복용 편의성 증대와 더불어 느린 약효발현으로 인한 환자 불편 개선

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Products 05 : 레브스틱 CR 서방정

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Products 06 : 가스티인 CR 정

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 신속한 약리활성 발현과 24시간 동안 약리 활성 의 지속을 동시에 충족
 이층정
 속방층 + 서방층
 서방층 방출제어 기제
 고점도 HPMC 비율이 많도록 고점도 H PMC + 저점도 혼합 사용
→ pH가 상이한 각 위장관 내 부위의 용출률 및 위장관 체류시간 제어

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청구항 1
 유효성분으로 모사프리드 또는 이의 염을 함유하는, 1일 1회 경구투여 서방성 또는 제어방출형 제제
 유효성분, 충진제, 붕해제 및 첨가제를 포함하는 속방층과, 유효성분, 충진제, 붕해제, 방출제어 기제 및
첨가제를 포함하는 서방층을 포함
 방출제어 기제
 80,000cps ~120,000cps 고점도 HPMC + 2,000 cps ~ 20,000 cps 저점도 HPMC
 중량비 : 2.6 ~ 1 : 1 로 혼합 사용
 용출 시험법 제 2법(패들법)에 따라 37℃ pH 4.0, 6.8. 1.2, 및 물 용출액에서 하기의 용출 프로파일을 만
족하는 것이 특징인 모사프리드 경구투여 제제
 pH 4.0, pH 1.2 및 물 용출액 조건에서 포함된 유효성분이 1시간 후 유효성분 총 중량의 25∼45%, 8시
간 후 유효성분 총 중량의 60∼80%, 24시간 후 유효성분 총 중량의 85% 이상 용출
 pH 6.8 용출액 조건에서 포함된 유효성분이 16시간 동안 유효성분 총 중량의 45% 이하로 용출됨.

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 Seamless 방법으로 제조한 입상 연질캡슐
 국내 최초 허가 및 발매
 표면에 접합부위를 없애 제제의 크기를 혁신적으로 줄임
→ 환자들의 복용편의성과 복약순응도 개선 / 임상적 유효성 극대화
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Cutielet Technology
Products 07 : 오메틸 큐틸렛

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Products 07 : 오메틸 큐틸렛

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 한국유나이티제약의 자체 기술 / 건조분말흡입제의 약물 전달 장치
 간편한 작동방법으로 처음 흡입기를 사용하는 환자도 쉽게 사용
 유속에 따른 전달효율이 일정 → 경증~중증도의 천식 및 COPD 환자군에서 일정한 약물전달
 국소작용을 기대하는 천식 및 COPD 등의 호흡기 질환
 위장관에서 분해되는 약물 및 초회통과 회피
 신속한 약리작용의 발현이 필요한 약물 등의 전신 전달
개발기술 I : Pulmonary DDS

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개발기술 I : Pulmonary DDS

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개발기술 II : TaPe Capsule Technology
 복합제 제조시 주성분간의 물리화학적 상호작용을 극복 복합제
 내부 : 고형정제 및 펠렛을 함유하는 캡슐형 제형
 안정성 및 물리화학적 상호작용문제로 단일제제화 하기 어려운 다수의 성분 복합
 내부에 포함된 정제 및 펠렛 : 장용코팅, 서방화 등 다양한 제제특성

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Fenofibrate 제제

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Fenofibrate 분류
구분 1세대 2세대 3세대
성분명 Fenofibrate
Pellet
Fenofibrate Fenofibrate
Micronized
Fenofibric
acid
Cholin
fenofibrate
용량 * *
시판제품 다수 다수 비스론 페노시드 타지페논
회사명 * * 한국파마 한미약품 대원제약
물성 난용성 난용성 난용성 난용성 수용성
복용법 식후복용 식후복용 식후복용 식사와 관계
없이 복용
식사와 관계
없이 복용
비고 식전 흡수율 ↓(30 % ↓) 제형개선 제형개선
1. Fenofibrate 개량 신약 : Nanomilling 제품 (BA개선 → 식사와 관계없이 복용)
2. 비스론 : 중국원료(Micronized Pellet) 수입 → 충전 (DMF 미등록 원료)
3. Fenofibric acid : 한미약품 독자 개발
4. Chloine Fenofibrate : 대원제약 독자개발 (세계 최초 제품) / 제형 특허

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개량신약
항목 페노웰 티지페논 페노시드 페노릭스 EH
회사명 녹십자 대원제약 한미약품 유나이티드
제형 정제 정제 캅셀 정제
성분명 페노피브레이트
145 mg
1. 속방층
-페노프브레이트콜린114.4 mg
(페노피브릭산 68.4 mg )
2.서방층
-페노프브레이트콜린64.4 mg
(페노피브릭산 46.8 mg)
※총 페노피브릭산 115.2 mg
페노피브릭산
135 mg
페노피브릭산
110.0 mg
허가일자 2020.11 2016.10 2012.10 2019.06
매출액 2021년 시판 80억(2019) 103억(2019) 2020년 시판
특징 BA개선
Food effect X
세계 최초제품
장용정 / 이중정
Food Effect X Food Effect X
비고 애드파마 개발 독자 기술
제형 특허
독자 기술
제형특허
독자기술
제형특허 / 장용정

페노웰
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2023.05.23 특허 만료

Tricor 145 mg 제조공정 I
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나노입자 분산액(/ kg)
페노피브레이트 300 g
HPMC 60.0 g
Sod. Docusate 0.75 g
정제수 639.25 g
평균 입자 : 169 nm
분산액 1833.2 g
Sucrose 550.0 g
SLS 38.5g
Sod. Docusate 9.6 g
정제수 732.2 g
유당
500g
Vector multi
Fluid Bed System

타정
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페노피브레이트 과립 511 mg
Prosole 95.0 mg
Cross Povidon 83.0 mg
S-Mg 1.0 mg
혼합
Tricor 145 mg 제조공정 II

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페노웰 Vs Tricor 처방 비교
Part 용도 성분명 Tricor
나정부
주약 Fenofibrate 145mg Fenofibrate 145mg
표면
안정화제
Sodium Docusate Sodium Docusate
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
HPMC HPMC
붕해제 Cross Povidone Cross Povidone
부형제 Lactose Monohydrate Lactose Monohydrate
부형제 Microcrystalline Cellulose Sillified Microcrystalline Cellulose
부형제 Sucrose Sucrose
부형제 D-Mannitol *
활택제 Silicone Dioxide *
활택제 S-Mg S-Mg
코팅 코팅기제 Opadry White PVA/TiO2/Lecithin /Xanthan Gum
비고 국내특허:10-1216853
(2023.05.23만료) / 나노밀링기술

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페노시드 처방 분석
Fenofibric acid 135 mg
카라기난 35 mg
탄산마그네슘
EC 32mg
HPMC 12 mg
PEG 6 mg
특허 : 페노피브린산 및 알카리화제를 포함하는 경구용 약학 조성물(한미약품)
등록번호 : 10-1202994
출원일자 : 2010.04.12

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페노릭스EH(유나이티드)

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페노릭스 EH 처방
Fenofibric Acid 110 mg
Neusilin 110 mg
MgO 16.5 mg
Lactose 54.0 mg
Avicell 27.0 mg
Kollidone VA64 27.5 mg
Ac-Di-Sol 39.5 mg
SLS 15.3 mg
S-Mg 2.0 mg
Talc 3.75 mg
Opadry II(Orange) 12.0 mg
HPMC-P 22.5 mg
직타처방
보호코팅
 특허 : 페노피브린산 또는 이의 약제학적으로 허용 가능한 염을 포함하는 장용성 코팅정제(유나이티드 제약)
 등록번호 : 10-2216579
 출원일자 : 2020.01.23
443.8 mg / 정
장용코팅

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티지페논(대원제약)

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대조약 : 스타펜 캡슐

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Market Analysis
 2021년 3사분기 : 66억
 2021년 예상 매출액 : 250억 → 2022년 300억 예상
 Growth Rate : 30 %

스타펜 캡슐
107
HPMC 코팅
Fenofibrate Pellet Pitavastatin Tablet

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에소메졸 DR(한미약품)

111
Part 3
: PPI(Proton Pump Inhibitor)

112
위장약 작용 기전 모식도

113
작용기전
위산 분비 3대 경로
1. Histamine 에 의해 H2-Receptor 가 활성화
2. Acethylchline에 의해 muscarine3 Receptor 활성화
3. Gastrin에 의해 CCK2 수용체 활성화
Proton Pump 작동
※ Proton Pump
1.위벽세포에 존재
2. 수소이온(H+)은 농도 차이에 의해 세포내/외로 이동 (농도 높은곳 →농도낮은곳)
그러나, 수소이온이 proton pump를 통해 이동시 농도 차이와 반대 방향으로 이동
→ 이동에너지 필요 (이동 에너지 : ATP )
→ 관여효소 ( H+ / K+ ATPase )라고 명칭 (일명 Proton Pump)
→ 이효소(proton pump) 에 의해 수소이온이 위 내강으로 들어감 (대신 K+가 나감)
→ 내부의 염소(Cl-)과 결합 → 위산
Proton Pump Inhibitor( PPI )
1. H+/K+ ATPase의 cysteine에 결합하여 효소작용을 억제 → 수소 이온 이동을 억제
→ 수소이온의 위내강 내 이동 ↓ → 위산 분비 ↓ → pH가 위산성 ~ 중성으로 유지
2. 위산 분비의 최종단계인 proton pump를 억제 → H2 receptor보다 선택성이 강함

115
Part 4
: P-CAB(Potassium Competitive Acid Blocker)

116
위장약 개발 히스토리

117
2017년 일본 의약품 순위

119
PPI Vs P-CAB 작용기전 비교

120
P-CAB 약물 비교 우위

121
PPI Vs P-CAB
Slow Onset
PPI
(Esomeprazole)

122
Unmet medical needs of PPIs I
: Delayed onset

123
: Delayed onset
개선필요

124
: Delayed onset

125
: Delayed onset

126
: Delayed onset

127
: Fast Onset of Action

128

129

130
: Long Action
Tegoprazan은 오래 지속됩니다 !

131
위벽 세포에서 안정적이다

132
: Long Action

133
Unmet medical needs of PPIs II
: On demand control of NAB

134
Unmet medical needs of PPIs II
: On demand control of NAB

135
Unmet medical needs of PPIs III
: Food Effect

136
Unmet medical needs of PPIs III
: Food Effect

137
Unmet medical needs of PPIs IV
: Optimal PD for H. pylori eradication

138
Unmet medical needs of PPIs IV
: Optimal PD for H. pylori eradication

139
Unmet medical needs of PPIs V
: PPIs_Variation

140
Unmet medical needs of PPIs V
: Simple formulation & package

142
1. More potent acid suppression

143
2. More rapid acid inhibition

145
4. Less dependent on CYP2C19

147
6. > pH 6 by Tegoprazan qd and bid
- Optimal for H. pylori eradication

150
Refractory GERD의 과거 전략과 신전략

153
에소메졸 DR
청구항 1
에스오메프라졸(esomeprazole)염을 함유하는
 코어, 상기 코어 상에 형성된 내피 코팅층
 상기 내피 코팅층 상에 형성된 제 1 장용성 코팅층을 포함하는 제1용출부
 상기 내피 코팅층 상에 형성된 제 2 장용성 코팅층을 포함하는 제2용출부
 복합 캡슐
 상기 제1장용성 코팅층은 코팅기제로서 메타크릴산 코폴리머 LD를 내피 코팅층이 형성된
코어의 5 내지 50%(w/w)로 포함
 제2장용성 코팅층은 코팅기제로서 메타크릴산 코폴리머 S및 메타크릴산 코폴리머 L의
1.5:1 내지 3.5:1(w/w) 혼합물을 내피 코팅층이 형성된 코어의 15 내지 40 %(w/w)로 포함
 제1용출부 및 제2용출부의 코어는 모두 미니정제인 복합 캡슐제

156
 DR : Dual Delayed-Release (이중지연방출)
 복용시 2시간 이내에 약물의 50%가 방출→2시간 ~ 5시간 사이에 나머지 약물 50% 방출
에소메졸 DR

157
Formulation Design I
 1st Release Tablet (속방층)
 2시간 ~ 5시간 사이에 약물방출(전체 용량 50 %)

158
Formulation Design II
 2nd Release Tablet (장용층)
 복용시 2시간 이내 약물 방출(전체 용량 50 %)

160
로수메가 연질캅셀(건일제약)

161
로수메가 : 로수바스타틴 + 오메가-3

162

163

164
 오메가-3 지방산 또는 그의 알킬 에스테르 및 스타틴계 약물을 포함하는 다층코팅 형
태(multilayercoated form)의 약학 조성물
 오메가-3 지방산 또는 그의 알킬 에스테르를 함유하는 젤라틴 캡슐 코어
 히드록시프로필 메틸셀룰로오즈; 및 부틸 메타크릴레이트와 (2-디메틸 아미
노에틸) 메타크릴레이트와 메틸 메타크릴레이트와의 1:2:1 중량비의 공중합체를 상기
젤라틴 캡슐 코어 상에 코팅하여 형성시킨 제1 코팅층
 스타틴계 약물을 포함하는 코팅액을 상기 제1 코팅층 상에 코팅하여 형성시킨 제2 코
팅층을 포함하는, 경구투여용 약학 조성물

165

166
도네시브 패취(아이큐어)

167
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도네시브 패취

168
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도네시브 패취

169
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도네시브 패취

170
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도네시브 패취

171
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도네시브 패취

172
알비스정(대웅제약)

 공격인자 억제 + 방어인자 증강 → 위•십이지장궤양 치료
 라니티딘(위산분비억제) + 수크랄페이트(점막보호)+ 비스무스(헬리코박터 균 억제)
 세가지 성분을 동시 투여 경우 라니티딘이 수크랄페이트에 의하여 흡수저해
→ 라니티딘을 피복하여 내부에 핵정으로 제조
→ 비스무스와 수크랄페이트를 혼합하여 핵정을 감싸는 이중정
→ 이중 핵정으로 특허받은 복합 신약[등록 특허 KR0453179]
알비스
2023-07-10 174

175
텔미사탄 + 암로디핀 복합제

인트로바이오파마 제형특허(1)
176

인트로바이오파마 제형특허(I)
177

178
시판제품
흰색 또는 미백색의 장방형 정제
텔미암 정(한화제약)
트윈플러스(위더스제약)

179
레벨서스 정(노보노르디스크)

180
GLP-1 계열 당뇨비만 치료제

181
GLP-1 계열 당뇨비만 치료제

186
 RYBELSUS® is a GLP-1 analog with 94% similarity to human GLP-1
 Structural modifications of the RYBELSUS® molecule prevent degradation by DPP-4 and
prolong incretin activity
rybelsus(semaglutide)
 Innovative coformulation with an absorption enhancer enables once-daily oral administration
 SNAC: Sodium-N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] caprylate: a small fatty-acid derivative
 Following oral administration, maximum concentration of RYBELSUS® is reached after 1 hour

193
2023-07-10
Dexilant DR
 dexlansoprazole (R-enantiomer of lansoprazole)
 Granule I : 위와 상부소장에서 release
 Granule II : 하부 소장에서 release
→약물 혈중 농도가 두 개의 peak → 작용시간 ↑(dual release technology)

194
2023-07-10
Dexilant DR
 Dexlansoprazole (R-enantiomer of lansoprazole)
 Granule I : 위와 상부소장에서 release / Granule II : 하부 소장에서 release
→약물 혈중 농도가 두 개의 peak → 작용시간 ↑(dual release technology)

Nexium Formulation (MUPS)
Acid-resistant
coating
Esomeprazole
Sugar core
MUPS(Multiple Unit Pellet System)
0.5 mm의 소형 pellet을 부형제와
혼합하여 타정

넥시움 Vs 에스라졸
199
Esomeprazole
알카리화제(MgO)
안정화제(Alginine)
Acid-resistant
coating
Protective
Coating

왜 에스라졸은 대조약(넥시움)과
용출패턴이 달라야 할까 ?
200

왜 에스라졸은 넥시움과 용출패턴이 달라야 하나
201
1.넥시움은 장용성코팅을 한 소형 pellet1000개를 압축하여 정제로 만든 제형
(외부는 일반 코팅)
→ 정제는 위에서 붕해되지만 장용pellet은 소장에서 개별적으로 붕해되고 약물용출
2.에스라졸은 정제내부에 알카리화제와 안정화제를 홉한한후 나정을 장용코팅한 코팅정
→ 정제는 위에서 붕해되지 않고 소장에서 정제가 붕해되고 약물이 용출
☞ 위에서 붕해된 넥시움이 소장 상부에서 흡수가 되는 방면 에스라졸은 소장에서 정제가
붕해되고 용출되므로 넥시움에 비해 상대적으로 천천히 흡수된다
☞ 흡수의 시간 차이를 극복하기 위해 에스라졸이 넥시움 보다 용출이 빨라야 흡수차이를
상쇄할수 있음

202
넥시움 Vs 종근당 / 대원제약

203
종근당(오엠피에스)/대원제약(에스원 엠프)

2023-07-10 205
; Marketed Products
Chapter III : Products in Development

207
InnoLAMP
(Innovative Long-Acting MicroParticle)

208
InnoLAMP 약효지속성 원리
고분자 가수분해에 따라 1주~6개월 이상 서서히 방출
Sustained release from one week to more than six months

211
InnoLAMP 기술 개요 III

212
다양한 크기의 균일한 미립구 제조

213
10kg ~ 20kg pilot scale 제조 설비

214
균일한 미립구 제조 & 대량생산 기술

215
Membrane emulsification에 기반한
InnoLAMP 제조방법

216
InteLAMP 기술 원리 및 차별성 I

217
InteLAMP 기술 원리 및 차별성 II

218
InteLAMP 기술 원리 및 차별성 III

232
IVL-DrugFluidic
 마이크로플루이딕스 기반의 Bio-MEMS(Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems) 기술
 마이크로 채널을 기본 단위로 하여 유체역학을 의약품 제조 기술에 융합한 혁신적인 Microsphere 제조기술
 제조 과정에서 Microsphere 입자의 성상, 크기, 크기의 분포, 다공성 등을 자유롭게 조절
→ 원재료 손실이 적고, 배치 사이즈 조절이 자유자재로 가능한 Flexible system
 기존 바이오·제약 회사들과 다르게 공정조건의 최적화, 공정의 연속화를 위한 장비 구축
등 전체 공정을 자체적으로 내재화한 플랫폼 기술
Laminar-FLUIDigmTM를 장기지속 주사제 의약품에 적용한 기술로서
Microsphere 기반 주사제 Formulation 및 양산제조 플랫폼 기술

233
IVL-GeneFluidic
 백신의 핵심물질인 ‘mRNA’는 인체에 투여 시 쉽게 분해되기 때문에 안정적인 전달기술 필요
 수백 마이크로미터(μm) 이하의 작은 미세유로에 지질입자와 mRNA를 흘리면, 지질입자가 mRNA 주변을
둘러싸 구형의 LNP 구조체 형성
 자체 보유한 마이크로플루이딕스를 활용
→ mRNA를 95~98% 가두는 LNP 구조체를 만들어내는 기술 과 대량 양산을 할 수 있는 기반 기술 보유
Laminar-FLUIDigm™을 mRNA 백신 전달체 기술인 지질나노입자
(Lipid Nano Particle) Formulation 및 제조 공정에 적용한 플랫폼 기술

234
IVL Manufacturing Center(IMC)

235
Technology Application I
; IVL –DrugFludic

236
; IVL –DrugFludic

237
; IVL –DrugFludic

238
; IVL –DrugFludic

240
Technology Application II
; IVL –GeneFludic

241
Technology Application
; IVL –DrugFludic

242
Microsphere 제조공정 비교

243
IVL-DrugFluidic 핵심 역량

245
IVL-DrugFluidic 개발 효율성

251
Technology Application
; IVL –GeneFludic

261
Extenna™ microsphere technology

262
Platform Technology
 A drug delivery technology based on biodegradable microspheres containing peptide drugs
that lasts for a desired period of time
 Extenna™ microsphere technology is innovative, long-acting injectable technology that has
much
less issues of safety, reduces dosing frequency, and improves the quality of patient life

263
Platform Technology
 Microsphere delivery carrier encapsulated with drugs based on biodegradable polymers
 In powder form but are very small spherical microparticles sizing of 10-100 ㎛ that is about 1/10
of human hair size
 AULBIO has developed an optimal drug delivery system using injectable biodegradable
microspheres
 AULBIO's Long-acting injectable microsphere technology is a very simple process, and has
excellent reproducibility
 AULBIO mainly deals with recombinant peptide drugs, and is designed to maintain its efficacy
for 1 to 6 months or longer once administered
 AULBIO is focusing on the fields of diabetes, obesity and prostate cancer using drug delivery
technology with global competitiveness

264
New long-acting injectable microsphere reduces the number of injections significantly
Platform Technology

265
Platform Technology
 AULBIO's long-acting injectable microsphere technology has the following advantages
 Encapsulation from small molecules to recombinant peptides
 High encapsulation efficiency
 Reduced Initial burst
 Biocompatible and biodegradable polymer
 Various pharmacokinetic profiles
 Successful needle passability
 Simple and highly reproducible aseptic manufacturing process

267
 AUL001 Diabetes Project
 Exenatide is a 39-amino acid peptide and it is a synthetic version of Exendin-4
 Exenatide is a medication used to treat diabetes mellitus type2
 AULBIO has developed a monthly dosage form of Exenatide that reduces the frequency of treatment to improve
the patient's compliance
 As a result of verifying the efficacy in ZDF, superior results were obtained compared to the formulation
administered daily
 AUL002 Obesity Project
 Liraglutide is a recombinant DNA produced polypeptide analogue of human glucagon-like peptide-1
(GLP-1)
 Liraglutide is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2
diabetes mellitus
 AULBIO has developed a monthly dosage form of Liraglutide that reduces the frequency of treatment to
improve the patient's compliance
 As a result of verifying the efficacy in ZDF, superior results were obtained compared to the formulation
administered daily
 AUL003 Dementia Project
 Donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of dementia of theAlzheimer’s type
 AULBIO has developed a monthly injectable dosage form of donepezil that reduces the frequency of
treatment to improve the patient's compliance
 As the results of pharmacokinetic study in SD rat, The AUL003 treated group maintained effective donepezil
levels in rat plasma for one month
R&D Pipeline

269
Platform Technology
SmartDepot Technology
 약물을 체내에 투여한 후 제형으로부터 서서히 방출되게 하여 약물의 혈중농도를 높게 유지하고, 약효를
지속적으로 유지하게 하는 펩트론 고유의 기반기술
 1주부터 6개월까지 정밀한 약물 방출 제어와 재현성 및 생산성이 우수한 미립구 제형
 펩트론에서 독자적으로 개발한 기술
 생분해성 고분자를 방출조절용 물질로 사용
 다양한 펩타이드 약물의 약효지속성 주사제 개발에 적용
 기존 기술과는 차별화된 대량생산이 가능한 고효율 방식의 기술
 의약품 제조에 최적화 된 GMP용 초음파 분무건조기를 오송 바이오파크에 구현
 체내에 투여된 후 빠르게 분해되는 약물들은 체내로부터의 손실이 크기 때문에 빈번히 투여하지 않으면
유효혈중농도를 유지하기가 힘들고 이로 인하여 약효도 오래가지 못하는 문제점
→약물을 체내에 투여한 후 제형으로부터 서서히 방출
→약물의 혈중농도를 높게 유지 / 약효를 지속적으로 유지하게 하는 장점
→약효지속성 의약품은 환자의 복약순응도 및 편의성을 획기적으로 개선

270
Platform Technology
SmartDepot Technology

271
SmartDepot™ 기술을 적용한 미립구 제조과정
 약물, 고분자를 제조용매인 빙초산에 용해시키고 초음파 분무 노즐을 이용하여 분사한 후, 건조공기를 이용
하여 용매를 휘발시켜 서방성 미립구 제조
 초음파 분무건조 방식을 채택하여 균일한 크기의 미립구 제조가 가능하고, 입자 크기 조절이 용이하며, 연속
생산방식이 가능하여 대량생산 공정개발에 유리한 장점
 기술을 이용하여 루피어 데포주 1개월 제형(전립선암 치료제)을 성공적으로 제품화

272
SmartDepot™ 기술의 장점
1.주사능 향상
 시판 서방성 미립구형들의 투여에 사용되는 주사침→23-25G(자가 투여하기에는 부담스러운 크기)
 미립구를 제조하는 경우, 초음파노즐을 이용하여 입자크기 조절→ 27-30G의 주사침 사용 가능
2. 분산성 향상
 미립구를 체내에 주입하기 위해서는 약제와 용제의 현탁 필요→미립구가 현탁되는 시간은 약 10초 이내
 약제와 용제의 현탁 후 골고루 현탁되어 있는 상태를 주사하기 전까지 유지
3. 사용 용매의 안전성
 PLGA 미립구를 만들기 위해서 methylene chloride와 같은 유해 용매를 사용하지 않음
 비독성 용매인 초산 사용 →독성 용매 잔류로 인한 문제 없슴
(좌) 타사 미립구 현탁액
(우) 펩트론 미립구 현탁액

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의료용 마이크로니들

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마이크로니들 종류

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백신 마이크로니들 국제화 및 투자 확대

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국내·외 마이크로니들 기업

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개발 파이프라인

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연구개발 로드맵

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기술개요
The platform technology MOASIS™ enables the construction of novel
molecular clusters from small molecules within critical length scales.

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MOASIS™ is a robust & versatile platform technology
 Bottom-up approach to a molecular cluster formation
 Physical method independent of chemical and structural property of the drug
 Adjustable particle size and surface property, available in dispersion or in solid form
 Easy to scale-up and suitable for mass production
 Improved bioavailability through the enhancement of solubility and permeability
기술개요

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개발 파이프라인

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; Marketed Products
Chapter IV
Oldies but Goodies Products
(Controlled Release)

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알레그라 –D(사노피아벤티스)

시판 제품 : 알레그라-D

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스틸녹스 CR(한독약품)

 사노피, 서방형 수면제 '스틸녹스CR' 출시
 이층정 : 속방효과 + 서방효과
 속방층 : 복용후 15~30분 이내의 빠른 수면 유도 효과
 서방층 : 수면을 7~8시간까지 유지시켜주는 수면유지 효과
 수면 중간에 자주 깨거나 지나치게 일찍 깨는 현상 개선 → 스틸녹스정 단점 보완
용량
 스틸녹스정 : 10mg 단일 제형
 스틸녹스CR정 : 성인용(12.5mg) /노인용(6.25mg) 연령별 투여 가능
 임상 평가
 다음날 잔여 효과와 기억장애, 의존성, 반동불면증 개선
 복용 8시간 뒤에 위약과 비교해 감각운동기 이행면에서 유의한 차이가 없음
스틸녹스CR

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스틸녹스 CR

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타이레놀 ER(한국 J&J)

Effexor XR(비아트리스 코리아)

Paxil CR
 글락소스미스클라인社는 항우울제 '팩실(Paxil)'의 새로운 방출제형인 '팩실 CR' 미국 출시
 팩실 CR의 성분은 팩실과 동일한 패록세틴(paroxetine)
 주요 우울증과 공황장애에 대한 치료제로 FDA 승인
 SkyePharma로부터 라이센스한 Geomatrix 기술을 이용한 새로운 방출조절제형
→인체 내에서 약물의 붕해와 흡수를 조절하도록 다중층구조 특징
 12.5mg, 25mg, 37.5mg 함량 시판
2002.03.28
 Geomatrix® (multi-layer tablet technology) is a well-established, validated and
customizable oral drug delivery platform technology that is currently used in 8
products that are commercialized in over 80 countries
 Geomatrix® is highly versatile and can be applied to a wide range of different
drugs to achieve a variety of different release profiles
 It uses well-established ingredients and is easily manufactured using conventional
production equipment

Paxil CR : Geomatrix Technology

Paxil CR
원료약품 및 분량
1 정(221.53mg) 중
주성분: 염산파록세틴·····················14.25mg(파록세틴으로서 12.5mg)
성 상 : 양쪽이 볼록한 노란색의 원형 필름코팅정제
효능·효과
1. 주요 우울증의 치료
2. 광장공포증을 수반하거나 하지 않는 공황장애의 치료
3. 사회불안 장애/사회 공포증의 치료
4. 월경 전 불쾌 장애의 치료
용법·용량 : 식사와 관계없이 1일 1회 주로 오전에 복용

Methylphenidate : Concerta OROS

 서방성 제제의 가장 기본적인 제제 기술
 한 정제 안에 두 개의 방출 층을 가지도록 설계한 제제
 외층은 속방성을 목적으로 설계되었고 내층은 서방성을 목적으로 제제설계
 투여 초기에는 신속한 약효를 발휘
→ 후기에는 서서히 약물이 흡수되어 부작용을 줄이면서 투여 회수도 줄임
Dual-release delivery system

 Proventil repatabs (성분명 : Albuterol)
 한 정제안에 두개의 방출을 달리하는 층으로 구성된 제제
 외부( 제1층 ) : 속방성 층
 내부( 제2층 ) : 서방층 층
 초기: 신속한 약효를 기대 + 후기 : 장기간 동안 약물의 혈중 농도 유지
Proventil repatabs

 주성분 : Loratadine(항히스타민제) + pseudoephedrine (기관지 확장제)
 Loratadine : 반감기가 길어 속방성 제제
 Pseudoephedrine : 반감기가 짧아 서방성 제제
 Formulation Design
 외층 (속방성 층) : Pseudoephedrine(60mg) + Laratadine (5 mg)
 내층 (서방성 층) : pseudoephedrine(60 mg)
Claritin D

 Adderall XR is a special form of Adderall that not only lasts longer but is stronger in
its effectiveness.
 Where a normal Adderall IR prescription will need you to take it a few times per day,
XR only needs to be taken once every 24 hours to be effective
 In fact, you should not be taking XR more than once every 24 hours due to how
powerful it is
 Abuse of this type can be extremely hazardous to your health, more so than less potent
forms of Adderall
 As XR should only be taken once a day, the amount of time it lasts ranges around 12
hours
 It then stays within the body for around 24 hours and takes a few days (more than two)
to fully leave your system
 Since XR is a more powerful version of the usual Adderall prescribed, be sure to
speak with your doctor and make sure it is right for you
How Long Does Adderall XR Take to Kick In?

Microtrol
; Multiparticulate Drug Delivery Platform
Microtrol is one of Supernus’ three controlled release platforms that is comprised of
a family of multiparticulate delivery technologies for delivery of both soluble and
insoluble compounds via an array of release profiles
Microtrol is based on the use of coated and uncoated multiparticulates that can be filled
into capsules, administered as a sprinkle, or compressed into tablets at varying ratios to
achieve customized release profiles including, but not limited to:
Immediate release : Microtrol® IR
Extended release : Microtrol® XR
Pulsed release : Microtrol® PR
Delayed release : Microtrol® DR
Enteric release : Microtrol® ER

Microtrol : Formulation Structure

Microtrol : Formulation process
The beadlets can be coated to achieve customized patterns of delivery as required

Microtrol
; Multiparticulate Drug Delivery Platform

Amphetamine ?
Amphetamine Methamphetamine
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA

EXTENDED RELEASE OF MEDICATION
 Mydayis is the first MAS treatment to feature triple-bead delivery for extended release of medication
through the morning, afternoon and evening
 That means just one dose of Mydayis offered similar medication levels as a MAS extended-release
(ER) capsule followed by a MAS immediate-release (IR) capsule 8 hours later

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; Marketed Products
Chapter V
(Chromotherapeutic DDS)

The stress response and development of allostatic load

Photic and nonphotic zeitgebers in humans and
their role on the circadian clock

A schematic representation of approved
pulsatile antihypertensives drug system

Semipermeable
Membrane
Delay Coat
Micropores
Drug Layer
Push Layer
COER-24 Delivery System
Semipermeable
Membrane
Delay Coat
Micropores
Drug Layer
Push Layer
COER-24 Delivery System
COER(Controlled-Onset Extended Release)
[enteric coating]

COER(Controlled-Onset Extended Release)

COVERA-HS
Verapamil
Double Laser drilled orifice

Diffucap Technology
sugar sphere / avicell sphere / starch sphere /wax sphere

A human circadian clock
 ACTH—an adrenocorticotropic hormone / FSH—a follicle-stimulating hormone
 LH—a luteinizing hormone / PRA—plasma renin activity
 TSH—a thyroid-stimulating hormone /GH—growth hormone / PRL— prolactin

Schematic representation of the dipping status of patients during the night, including dippers
(black), non-dippers(green), extreme dippers (purple), and reverse dippers / risers (violet)

CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IN
OCCURRENCE AND SEVERITY OF DISEASE

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; Marketed Products
Chapter V
(Targeted Drug Delivery System)

Human Gastrointestinal Tract
Descending Colon
(하행결장)
Transverse Colon
( 횡행결장)
위(Stomach)
Rectum
(직장)
Duodenum
(십이지장)
Ascending Colon
( 상행결장)
Cecum
(맹장)

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GRT (Gastro-Retentive)
Drug Delivery System

 Size of stomach : 15 cm x 20 cm (surface area : 3.5 m2)
 pH of stomach : 1.2~1.8 (fed state), 3.5~5.0 (fasted state)
Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery Systems

Gastro Retentive Dosage Forms (GRDF)
 Dosage forms that can be retained in stomach
 Enhanced bioavailability
 Reduced frequency of dosing
 Targeted therapy for local ailments in the upper GI tract
Conventional dosage forms Gastro-retentive systems
Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery Systems

The three mechanisms classification of gastro retentive dosage
form achievement focused on high and low density aspect

Floating system
• Special focus on the principal mechanism of floatation to achieve
gastric retention
• A bulk density < the gastric content
• Floating is determined by difference of buoyancy force & weight of
dosage form.
Devices with densities lower than 1 can be used to make systems floating in
the stomach.
The density of a device can be lowered after administration to the stomach (A),
or can be made of lower density materials from the beginning (B)

Floating system - Classification
1. Hydrodynamically balanced systems (HBS)
2. Raft-forming systems
3. Gas-generating systems
4. Low-density systems

Hydrodynamically balanced systems (HBS)
 Three major conditions must be met :
 Sufficient structure to form a cohesive gel barrier
 Specific gravity lower than that of gastric contents (reported as 1.004–1.01 g/ cc)
 Dissolve slowly enough to serve as a ‘reservoir’ for the delivery system
 The working principle of the HBS
 Oral administration → Swelling in contact with gastric fluid → Maintains a relative integrity of
shape and a bulk density→ Air trapped by the swollen polymer → Gel structure acts as a reservoir
for sustained drug release through the gelatinous barrier

Raft-forming systems
 A gel-forming solution (e.g. sodium alginate solution containing carbonates or
bicarbonates) swells
→ forms a viscous cohesive gel containing entrapped CO2 bubbles on contact with
gastric fluid
 Raft-forming systems typically contain antacids such as aluminum hydroxide or calcium
carbonate to reduce gastric acidity
→ produce a layer on the top of gastric fluids, they are often used for gastro-
esophageal reflux treatment as with Liquid Gaviscon (GSK)

Gas-generating systems
 HBS appeared to be the lack of a good floating mechanism
 Contact with acidic gastric contents
→ CO2 is generated and gets entrapped in hydrocolloids
1) Generation of gas bubbles ; Incorporation of carbonates or bicarbonates
2) Incorporate a matrix with entrapped of liquid ; Forms a gas at body temperature

Low-density systems
 Immediate buoyancy
 Also called ‘‘microballoons’’
 Method
 Can be provided by the entrapment of air (e.g. hollow chambers )
 Additional incorporation of low density materials
(e.g. fatty substances or oils, or foam powder)
(a) Microballoons (b) Foam-particles

Swelling System
 Swelling drug dosage forms are easily swallowed and reach a significantly larger size
in the stomach due to swelling processes that prolong their gastric retention time

A) The device significantly swells on contact with gastric fluids
(to a few hundred times of the original volume);
B – D) the gastric contraction pushes the hydrogel to the pylorus;
E) the gastric contraction slips over the surface of the hydrogel; and
F) the hydrogel is pushed back into the body of the stomach
Swelling System

Swelling system ; Mechanism
 The envelope contains a drug reservoir and an
expanding agent (swellable resin) or hydrocolloid
which causes expansion by osmotic pressure
1. Swells to a size that prevents their
passage through the pylorus
2. Diameter of pylorus : 12±5 mm

Swelling system - Configurations
 The expandable GRDFs are usually based on three configurations:
 A small (‘collapsed’) configuration which enables convenient oral intake;
 Expanded form that is achieved in the stomach and thus prevents passage through
the pyloric sphincter;
 Finally another small form that is achieved in the stomach when retention is no
longer required i.e. after the GRDF has released its active ingredient, thereby
enabling evacuation

Muco-adhesive systems
 Proposed mechanism for retention of muco-adhesive microspheres in the human stomach
 A capsule containing the muco-adhesive microspheres is administered with water and the released
microspheres float on the fluid in the stomach
 During the process of gastric emptying, a proportion of the muco-adhesive microspheres adheres
to the stomach wall to provide gastro-retention.

• Step of muco-adhesion
- Contact stage
- Consolidation stage
The two stages in muco-adhesion
The interpenetration theory
 Three stage in the interaction between a muco-
adhesive polymer and mucin glycoprotein
Muco-adhesive systems

High-density system
 Higher density than gastric juice ( >1g/cm3 )
 Entrapped in the fold of the antrum and withstand the peristaltic wave
 Excipient : barium sulphate, zinc oxide, iron powder, titanium dioxide
Intragastric floating system
(density < 1 g·cm-3)
High-density system
(density > 1 g·cm-3)
Schematic localization of an intragastric floating system
and a high-density system in the stomach

High-density system - Limitation
 The effectiveness of this approach has not been confirmed.
 In vivo data is scarce for both animal studies and clinical investigations
 If the density and size of the devices are optimized, but gastric emptying
would depend on the position of the high-density device in the stomach
at the time of the “housekeeper wave”
 Hard to make optimum formation

Uses of Gastric Retentive Systems

Glumetaza
 GLUMETZA tablets are modified release dosage forms that contain 500 mg or 1000 mg of
metformin HCl
 Each 500 mg tablet contains coloring, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline
cellulose and polyethylene oxide
 Each 1000 mg tablet contains colloidal silicon dioxide, polyvinyl alcohol, crospovidone,
glyceryl behenate, polyacrylate dispersion, hypromellose, talc, polyethylene glycol,
eudragit, titanium dioxide, simethicone emulsion, polysorbate and coloring
 GLUMETZA 500 mg and 1000 mg tablets are formulated to gradually release metformin
to the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract

Glumetaza
GLUMETZA 500 mg provides controlled release of metformin over most of the day

GLUMETZA brought more patients to A1C goal
 From a supplementary analysis of the findings from a 24-week, 4-arm, noninferiority
trial comparing different GLUMETZA dosing regimens vs Glucophage
 Note: 40.6% of patients (n=186) reached A1C goal with GLUMETZA 1500 mg BID
(dosed 500 mg am; 1000 mg pm).

Accordion Pill: Laminated, folded, encapsulated

Accordion Pill structure
1. Upon reaching the stomach, the AP capsule dissolves
2. There, outer layers facilitate the unfolding mechanism of the accordion
3. While retained in the stomach for up to 12 h, the accordion releases the drug in a
controlled manner toward the upper part of the GI tract, where it is absorbed.
(In practice, the number and function of the films can be varied as needed)
4. Once the AP is out of the stomach, it is fully degraded in the small intestine

Pharmacokinetics of Accordion Pill
Carbidopa/Levodopa Following Multiple
Doses in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease

 Chronic levodopa (LD) treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with the development
of motor complications that are thought to occur as a result of intermittent or pulsatile stimulation
of striatal dopamine receptors caused by fluctuating plasma LD levels
 It has been postulated that more continuous delivery of LD will restore brain dopamine in a more
physiologic manner and minimize wearing off episodes
 Both animal studies and a prospective double-blind study in patients with PD confirm that
continuous delivery of LD is associated with a reduced risk of motor complications
 The Accordion Pill® (AP; Figure 1) is a novel drug formulation comprising multilayer films
containing carbidopa (CD) as well as immediate-release (IR) and controlled-release LD, with an
estimated apparent elimination half-life of ~7 hours
 A recent Phase 2 study reported more stable LD plasma concentrations and lower Cmax with AP-
CD/LD BID than with IR-CD/LD QID in both fluctuating and non-fluctuating PD patients; to
determine optimal dosing, AP-CD/LD BID or TID vs IR-CD/LD are being evaluated in a recently
completed Phase 3 study in adult patients with fluctuating PD
BACKGROUND
To determine if AP-CD/LD TID provides a more consistent delivery of LD than IR-CD/LD, with the
goal of reducing motor complications associated with CD/LD therapy in patients with P

Study Design
 This was an open label, cross-over, pharmacokinetic (PK) study comparing AP-CD/LD
50/500 mg TID and IR-CD/LD 37.5/150 mg 5x daily in patients with PD
 PK samples were collected pre-dose (0 min) and at 30-minute intervals post-dose over
16 hours and again at 24 hours post-dose

Plasma LD Concentration-Time Curve (PK Population)

Fluctuation Index at 2-hour Intervals (PK Population)
 The plasma LD concentration-time curve illustrates that AP-CD/LD treatment resulted in less
variability in LD plasma concentration, attenuating the low trough and high peak levels observed
with IR-CD/LD over 24 hours

CONCLUSIONS
 AP-CD/LD 50/500 mg TID provided stable plasma LD levels compared with standard
IR-CD/LD 37.5/150 mg dosed 5x daily
 AP-CD/LD was well tolerated, with no new safety signals
 These results suggest that treatment with AP-CD/LD may reduce motor complications
in patients with advanced PD versus standard IR-CD/LD treatment

 So much for capsules can only be filled with powders, pellets, microtablets or liquids!
 The Accordion Pill® by Intec Pharma Ltd. is a drug delivery system that uses active
ingredient containing polymeric films, which are folded into an undulated shape
 This system combines an efficient gastric retention and specific release mechanism.
 The manufacturing technology for this innovative product was developed in close
cooperation with Harro Höfliger
 It is a problem that affects millions of patients around the world: After the intake of
drugs, the level of active substances rises in the blood, reaches a peak and then
subsides
 To ensure that the level of active ingredient in the body is always within the
appropriate concentration range, it is necessary to take the medication at regular
intervals
 For many patients, however, this poses an enormous challenge in coping with their
daily routines, and reduces their quality of life
 Due to the fluctuation range, the optimal level of active substances is often available
for a limited period only
 The Israeli enterprise Intec Pharma has addressed these issues by developing the
Accordion Pill® platform

 The Accordion Pill® looks like a normal capsule, however, its interior contains a small
folded GRDF, short for “Gastro Retentive Dosage Form”, which consists of several
layers of biodegradable polymeric films and the active substance
 The Accordion Pill® is named after the characteristic folding of the GRDF, which is
reminiscent of the musical instrument
 After taking an Accordion Pill®, the capsule dissolves in the stomach, the GRDF
unfolds and releases the active ingredient continuously over a period of eight to twelve
hours
 This also applies to substances lasting usually for only two to three hours when taken
orally
 The Accordion‘s production is as complex as the innovative nature of this dosage form
 “Depending on the type of application, different web materials must be laminated and
welded, followed by punching and folding of the GRDF before it is encapsulated”

 The Accordion Pill® is a unique delivery platform based on folded multilayer films
 It provides a better treatment by improving the pharmacokinetics of drugs with
narrow absorption windows or poor solubility
 Furthermore, it allows fixed-dose combinations
 Safety and efficacy have been tested in more than 30 clinical studies, with tens of
thousands of administrations

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GUlRiYMoNEA
Accordion Pill

Micropump Technology
 Micropump technology allows controlled release of solid oral dosage formulations of
drugs
 The "pump" in the name implies some sort of mechanical device, but this is not the case
 Instead, "pump" refers to the release of drug in the intestinal tract due to an osmotic
pressure gradient that causes the drug to be slowly released during GI transit
 The technology is useful for controlled release of a drug and reducing the pill burden -
for example, only having to take one pill per day instead of 2 or 3
 In addition, the technology can increase adsorption of drugs that are not well absorbed
in the stomach by allowing transit into the lower GI tract where the pH is more suitable
for absorption of some drugs
 Each tablet or capsule contains 5,000 to 10,000 microparticles that range from 200-500
microns in diameter
 The microparticles are released in the stomach and pass into the small intestine, where
drug is released by osmotic pressure at an adjustable rate and over an extended period
of time

Flamel has proven in human studies (up to and including Phase III clinical trials) the
extension of the release of four small molecule drugs, known to be only absorbed in
the upper part of the small intestine
Proton pump inhibitors for the treatment of gastroesophageal conditions, including
heartburn and other symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease
 Genvir™, acyclovir for the treatment of Acute Genital Herpes
(positive results in Phase III);
Metformin XL, an anti-diabetic for the treatment of type II diabetes
(positive results in Phase I);
An undisclosed ACE inhibitor co-developed with Servier Monde (confidential);
and, Augmentin SR, an antibiotic (confidential)
Flamel is also working on a beta-blocker with GSK.
Products Pipeline

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Colonic Drug Delivery System

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Comparison of Different Parts of
the Gastrointestinal Tract

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5-ASA Release Sites

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5-ASA Release Sites

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5-ASA Release Sites

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5-ASA Release Sites

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5-ASA Release Sites

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Sites of 5-ASA release from different
formulations in the small & large intestine

Marketed Products
 Products marketed using DDS technology
 Entocort
 Asacol
 Pentasa
 Products by chemically modified
 Sulfasalazine
 Dipentum (olsalazine sodium)
 Colazal (balsalazide disodium)

Mesalamine dissolution profiles
in simulated fasted state

Drug Layer
(Mesalazine)
Sustained Release Layer
( Ethyl cellulose )
 Controlled-Release Pellet (Hard capsule)
 Drug : Mesalazine 250 mg / 1 cap , Dosage : 4 cap(1g) /4 times /1day
 Indication : Ulcerative Colitis ( I.B.D ), Worldwide Launching
Pentasa Capsule

Formulation Each tablet contains colloidal silicon dioxide, dibutyl phthalate, edible
black ink, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate,
methacrylic acid copolymer B (Eudragit S), polyethylene glycol, povidone, sodium
starch glycolate, and talc.
Indication Treatment of mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis and for the maintenance of
remission of ulcerative colitis.
Dosage Treatment of mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis
The usual dosage in adults is two 400-mg tablets to be taken three times a day for a total
daily dose of 2.4 grams for a duration of 6 weeks.
Maintenance of remission of ulcerative colitis
The recommended dosage in adults is 1 .6 grams daily, in divided doses
Treatment duration in the prospective, well-controlled trial was 6 months.
Two Asacol 400 mg tablets have not been shown to be bioequivalent to one Asacol HD
delayed-release 800 mg tablet
Asacol
시판제품

 pH-Controlled Colon Drug Delivery
 Drug : Mesalazine 400 mg /1 tablet
 Dosage : 2T/3 times /1day
 Indication : Ulcerative Colitis ( I.B.D )
 Leading Product among I.B.D Therapeutic Drugs
5-ASA
Uncoated Tablet
Coating Layer
(Eudragit – S )
pH ≥ 7.0
5-ASA
pH - dependent
Asacol
Targeted DDS

Formulation
250 mg
500 mg
The LIALDA tablet contains 1.2 g mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid) in an MMX
Multi Matrix System core of hydrophilic and lipophilic excipients.
The MMX core is coated with a gastro-resistant film of methacrylic acid copolymers,
Type A , which delays mesalamine release until exposure to a pH of 6 respectively.
Upon disintegration of the coating, the core matrix forms a hydrogel and provides
extended release of mesalamine across the pH range of 6.8 to 7.2
The inactive ingredients of LIALDA tablets are sodium carboxymethylcellulose,
carnauba wax, stearic acid, silica (colloidal hydrated), sodium starch glycolate, talc,
magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid copolymer types A , triethylcitrate, titanium dioxide
red ferric oxide and polyethylene glycol 6000.
Indication  Induction of remission in patients with active, mild to moderate ulcerative colitis.
 Safety and effectiveness of LIALDA beyond 8 weeks has not been established.
Dosage The recommended dosage for the induction of remission in adult patients with
active, mild to moderate ulcerative colitis is two to four 1.2 g tablets to be taken
once daily with a meal for a total daily dose of 2.4 g or 4.8 g
Lialda

Lialda
2정/1회/1일
4정/1회/1일
stearic acid
Carnauva wax
Sod. CMC

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Egalet
(Guardian Technology)

 The drug release mechanism is surface erosion, effected through water
diffusion, polymer hydration, disentanglement, and dissolution
 The matrix is designed to erode when in contact with available water but, at the same
time, it is desirable that water does not diffuse into the matrix until the point of release,
thus avoiding hydrolysis and diffusion and reducing the effects of luminal enzymatic
activity
The entrapment in the Egalet® matrix also protects the active compounds from oxygen
and humidity and therefore, the technology is suited for chemically unstable substances
and thus may increase in shelf-life of the drug product.
An additional attribute of the erosion based system is its ability to deliver water-
insoluble compounds in a controlled manner.
The shell is biodegradable but with a disintegratin profile making the shell last longer
than the transit time in the human gastrointestinal system, so it is excreted with faeces.
Egalet Technology

The Egalet® Prolonged Release system consists of two components: coat and matrix.
The drug is distributed evenly throughout the Egalet® matrix for constant release over time
as the coat and matrix are eroded by body fluids as it travels through the gastrointestinal tract.
The rate of release can be altered by adjusting the composition of the polyethylene glycol (PEG)
carrier within the matrix.
a) Egalet® tablet reaches the stomach, release of drug begins
b) Egalet® tablet during release
c) Egalet® tablet has released almost completely
EGALET PROLONGED RELEASE

Manufacturing
1) Cavity is empty
2) Piston moves forward, coat material is injected
3) Coat material hardens, piston recedes while matrix material(containing drug) is injected into the cavity
4) Matrix hardens, piston moves forward ejecting the finished Egalet tablet
5) Finished Egalet® tablet

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Egalet Technology
(Marketed Products)

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 Egalet's Guardian Technology has many applications and has been used to develop
abuse-deterrent forms of commonly abused prescription medications
 Egalet's proprietary Guardian Technology is a polymer matrix tablet technology that
utilizes a novel application of the well characterized manufacturing process of injection
molding, which results in tablets that are hard and difficult to manipulate for misuse and
abuse
 This approach offers the ability to design tablets with controlled-release profiles as well
as physical and chemical properties that have been demonstrated to resist both common
and rigorous methods of manipulation
 Tablets manufactured with Guardian Technology have been shown to have increased
resistance to physical methods of manipulation, such as cutting, crushing, grinding or
breaking, using a variety of mechanical and electrical tools
 They are also resistant to chemical manipulation and attempts at extraction and turn
into a viscous hydrogel on contact with liquid, making syringe ability very difficult
Guardian™ Technology

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 Egalet, a fully integrated specialty pharmaceutical company, is focused on developing,
manufacturing and commercializing innovative treatments for pain and other conditions
 Egalet has three approved products: ARYMO™ ER (morphine sulfate) extended-release
tablets for oral use only developed using Egalet’s proprietary Guardian™ Technology,
OXAYDO® (oxycodone HCI, USP) tablets for oral use only and SPRIX® (ketorolac
tromethamine) Nasal Spray
 Using Guardian Technology Egalet is developing a pipeline of clinical-stage, product
candidates including Egalet-002, an abuse-deterrent, extended-release, oral oxycodone
formulation for the management of pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-
clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are
inadequate
 Guardian Technology can be applied broadly across different classes of pharmaceutical
products and can be used to develop combination products that include multiple active
pharmaceutical ingredients with similar or different release profiles
Egalet Technology(Marketed Products)

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ARYMO™ ER (morphine sulfate)

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2023-07-10 487

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OXAYDO(oxycodone HCI)

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OXAYDO(oxycodone HCI)

Journey to DDS(Part 1 F1).pptx

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