nicotiana tabacum - FM presentation

1. N.Priyanka(82)
NICOTIANA TABACUM
BY

2. INTRODUCTION
Nicotine grows in all tropical regions of the world
Common name- Tobacco plant
Botanical name- Nicotiana tobacum
Dried leaves- 1-8% of Nicotine
Nicotine is a colorless, hygroscopic oily liquid and
has burning acrid taste

3. PARTS

4. TOXIGENECITY
All parts are poisonous except the ripe seeds
Leaves contain active principle, which are the
toxic alkaloids like nicotine, nornicotine,
anabasine, and lobeline
Fatal dose: Nicotine : 60-100mg and Tobacco :
15-30g
Fatal period : 5-15 minutes

5. ACTION
It acts on the autonomic ganglia, stimulated initially
but are depressed and blocked at the later stages.
It also acts on the somatic neuromuscular junction
and afferent fibers from sensory receptors

6. ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION
Absorbed via intact skin, oral mucosa, GI tract
and respiratory system
Metabolized in the liver, but also in the kidneys
and lungs
It is excreted by the kidneys

7. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
ACUTE POISONING
 CVS: tachycardia followed by bradycardia,
arrhythmia, tachypnea followed by respiratory
depression and collapse
GIT: burning acid sensation, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain and salivation
CNS: headache, restlessness, confusion,
vertigo, sweating, convulsions and coma

8. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
CHRONIC POISONING
RS: cough, wheeze, dyspnea, chronic bronchitis
and lung cancer
CVS: anemia, palpations and angina pectoris
GIT: anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea
CNS and others: impaired memory, blindness,
tremors, insomnia, anxiety and headache

9. NICOTINE WITHDRAWAL
SYMPTOMS
Nicotine is a highly addictive substance
Intense urge to smoke, anxiety, impaired
concentration and memory.
Depression, headache, muscle cramps and sleep
disturbances
Increased appetite, weight gain, diaphoresis and
rapid respirations.

10. TREATMENT
Gastric lavage with charcoal, KMnO4
Purgatives
Cardiac monitoring
Atropine
Diazepam
Symptomatic treatment
In chronic poisoning, clonidine has shown
encouraging result

11. POSTMORTEM FINDINGS
Brownish froth at mouth and nostrils
Stomach may contain fragments of leaves or
smell of tobacco
Features of asphyxia are seen

12. MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS
Accidental poisoning
To induce infanticide
Common drug of addiction
Suicidal and homicidal cases are rare
For malingering, leaves are soaked in water for
some hours and placed in axilla at bed time,
poisonous symptoms are seen by next morning.

13. REFERENCES
Biswas G. Cardiac Poisons, In: Review of
Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 4th edition,
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd,
2019.p.586-587.
Reddy N. Cardiac Poisons,In: The Essentials of
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 34th edition,
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P)
Ltd,2017.p.572.
Rao N G. Cardiac Poison,In: Textbook of forensic
medicine & toxicology, 2nd edition, Jaypee

14. THANK YOU