MALARIAL VACCINE

1. MALARIAL VACCINE
By,
Purna Ranjan Tripura
M’pharm 2nd semester
Roll no:16MPH0009
Dept.of pharmacy
Tripura University
Year:2016-2017

2.  DEFINITION
 AETIOLOGY
 MALARIA VACCINE INITIATIVE
LIFE CYCLE
 CLINICAL SIGNS
 CLASSIFICATION OF MALARIA VACCINES
 PROBLEMS IN VACCINE DEVELOPMENT
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3. DEFINITION
 A protozoan disease caused by Plasmodium species of the phylum
Apicomplexa.
 Transmitted by the bite of infected female anopheline mosquitoes.
 It is characterized by periodic paroxysm with shaking chills, high
fever, heavy sweating.
 Anemia and splenomegaly may also occur in cases.
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4. AETIOLOGY
Four species of Plasmodium cause malaria in human.
 P. vivax (benign tertian malaria)
 P. ovale (benign tertian malaria)
 P. malariae (quartan malaria)
 P. falciparum (malignant tertian malaria)
Each species has its own morphologic, biologic, pathogenic, and
clinical characteristics.
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5. MALARIA VACCINE INITIATIVE (MVI)
 MVI is working with the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and
Biotechnology (ICGEB) in New Delhi, India, to develop a vaccine against
Plasmodium vivax. This development effort includes Bharat Biotech
International Ltd. (Hyderabad), which will manufacture the vaccine for
preclinical testing followed by initial safety trials in adults.
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6. CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
C
 Cold stage
feeling of intense cold
vigorous shivering
lasts 15-60 minutes
 Hot stage
intense heat
dry burning skin
throbbing headache
lasts 2-6 hours
 Sweating stage
profuse sweating
declining temperature
exhausted and weak →sleep
lasts 2-4 hours
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7. LifeCycle

8. LIFECYCLE
 Malaria parasite has a complex lifecycle; there
are 3 areas of lifecycle development that are the
focus of vaccine development research:
 Pre-erythrocytic stage
 Asexual erythrocytic stage (blood stage)
 Sporogonic cycle (sexual stage)

9. PRE- ERYTHROCYTIC STAGE VACCINES
 How they work:
 Generates Ab response against sporozoites and prevents them
from invading the liver
 Prevents intra-hepatic multiplication by killing parasite-
infected hepatocytes
 Intended Use:
 Ideal for travelers - protects against malaria infection

10. ASEXUAL ERYTHROCYTIC STAGE VACCINES
 How they work:
 Elicit antibodies that will inactivate merozoites and/or target
malarial Ag expressed on RBC surface
 Inhibit development of parasite in RBCs
 Intended Use:
 Morbidity reduction in endemic countries

11. SEXUAL STAGE VACCINES
 How they work:
 Induces Ab against sexual stage Ag
 Prevents development of infectious sporozoites in
salivary glands of mosquitoes
 Prevent or decrease transmission of parasite to new
hosts
 Intended Use:
 Decreased malaria transmission

12. RTS,S /AS02
 Most recently developed recombinant vaccine
 The RTS,S attempted by fusing the protein CPS with a surface
antigen from Hepatitis B, hence creating a more potent and
immunogenic vaccine. When tested in trials an emulsion of oil in
water and the added adjuvants of monophosphoryl A the vaccine
gave 7 out of 8 volunteers challenged with P. falciparum
protective immunity

13. 1. Regules, J., Cummings, J., & Ockenhouse, C. (2011). The RTS,S Vaccine Candidate for Malaria. Expert Reviews,
10(5).
2. Agnandji, S., & Lell, B. (2011). First Results of Phase 3 Trial of RTS,S/AS01 Malaria Vaccine in African Children.
The New England Journal of Medicine, 365.
3. L, Schwartz and B, Graham.(2012). A Review of Malaria Vaccine Clinical Projects Based on the WHO Rainbow
Table. Malaria Journal 11.11.
4. "PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative: The need for a vaccine." PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative. N.p., n.d. Web. 28
Nov. 2012.
5. Geoffrey, T., & Greenwood, B. (2008). Malaria vaccines and their potential role in the elimination of malaria.
Malaria Journal, 7.
6. Mutabingwa , T. (2005). Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs): best hope for malaria treatment but
inaccessible to the needy! Acta Trop, 95(3).
7. WHO (n.d.). Malaria Transmission Blocking Vaccine: an ideal public good. Special Programme for Research &
Training in Tropical Disease.
8. PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.malariavaccine.org/files/MVI-brief-RandD-
strategy-FINAL-web.pdf
9. Moorthy, V., & Ballou, R. (2009). Immunological Mechanisms Underlying Protection Mediated by RTS,S: a
review of the available data. Malaria Journal, 8(312).
10. Milstein, J., & Cárdenas, V. (2010). WHO policy development processes for a new vaccine: case study of
malaria vaccines. Malaria Journal, 9.
11. PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative: Advocacy fellowship. (n.d.). PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative. Retrieved from
http://www.malariavaccine.org/preparing-mvaf.php
12. WHO | Malaria. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/
13. The role of vaccine in the prevention of malaria « HCDCP. (n.d.). ΚΕΕΛΠΝΟ. Retrieved from
http://www2.keelpno.gr/blog/?p=2178&lang=en

14. THANK YOU