This is the presentation I gave during the Final year of Engineering. It is short and concise. I hope it Helps you all..

1. VOCATIONAL TRAINING
PRESENTATION ON:
Presentation
by:
Moulik Dhade

2. Contents :
 Introduction
 Applications: a. Dial Up
b. Broadband
c. Wired Connections
d. Wireless Connections
 Exchange
 MDF (Multiple Distribution Frame)

3.  EWSD (Electronic World Switch Digital)
 Power Plant
 LC (Leased Circuit)
 Conclusion

4. Introduction :
 BSNL was established on 15 September 2000,
today BSNL is the world’s seventh largest
telecommunications company.
 It provides a variety of services in India, which
includes landline connections, CDMA , GSM,
broadband, MPLS-VPN , VSAT and VoIP.
 Within this short span of time, it has also become
one of the largest public sector companies in
India.

5. Applications:
Dial Up :
Dial-up is an early form of Internet access that
uses the facilities of the PSTN to establish a
connection to an ISP by dialing a telephone
number on a conventional telephone line.
 It is Data orVoice at aTime.
 In it DataTransfer Rates are slow.
40–50 kbit/s

6. Broadband:
 Broadband is a wide bandwidth data
transmission with an ability to simultaneously
transport multiple signals and traffic types.
 It is both Data on Connection 24x7.
 Data transmission speed is way faster than
Dial-up.

7. Wired Connections:
 MODEMS are used to connect the ISP and the
customer’s PC in order to provide it the
internet Access.They are of following types :
 ADSL : Asymmetric digital subscriber line
 VDSL :Very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber
line
 SDSL : Symmetric digital subscriber line

8. Wireless Connections:
GSM :
GSM is aTDMA based wireless network
technology developed in Europe that is used
throughout most of the world.
Currently GSM networks operate on the
850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, and 1900MHz
frequency bands. Devices that support all four bands
are called quad-band, with those that support 3 or 2
bands called tri-band and dual-band, respectively.

9. CDMA :
 Code division multiple access (CDMA) is a channel access
method used by various radio communication technologies.
 CDMA is an example of multiple access, where several
transmitters can send information simultaneously over a
single communication channel.
 This allows several users to share a band of frequencies to
permit this without undue interference between the users,
CDMA employs spread-spectrum technology and a special
coding scheme (where each transmitter is assigned a code).

10. Major Difference Between GSM
and CDMA:

11. Worldwide usage of GSM & CDMA :

12. WiMax :
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access) is a wireless communications standard
designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit-per-second
data rates, with the 2011 update providing up to 1
Gbit/s for fixed stations.

13. EVDO:
Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO, EVDO,
etc.) is a telecommunications standard for the
wireless transmission of data through radio
signals, typically for broadband Internet
access.

14. LTE:
 LTE, an abbreviation for Long-Term Evolution, commonly
marketed as4G LTE, is a standard
for wireless communication of high-speed data for
mobile phones and data terminals.
 It is based on the GSM/EDGE andUMTS/HSPA network
technologies, increasing the capacity and speed using a
different radio interface together with core network
improvements

15. Telephone Exchange :
 Equipment which effects interconnected of telephones
is known as switching equipment.
 The switching centre, which houses the terminating and
switching equipment is called telephone exchange.
 Various exchanges present in BSNL are:
> C-DOT
> OCB
> EWSD

16. Exchange Layout :
 Switch Room
 Operations and Maintenance (OMC) Room
 Input Output processor (IOP) Room
 Power Plant Room
 Battery Room
 Main Distribution Frame (MDF) Room

17. MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME(MDF):-
 A MDF is a signal distribution frame for
connecting equipment (inside plant) to cables
and subscriber carrier equipment (outside
plant).
 The MDF is a termination point within the
local telephone exchange where exchange
equipment and terminations of local loops are
connected by jumper wires at the MDF.
 The primary function of MDF is to remove fault.
It is also known as Fault Remove Section.

18. MDF :

19. In MDF :
There are :
1.Vertical side
2.Horizontal side
Vertical side:
Rack:- On the rack, the tags are situated. One rack is having eight tags. The
counting is done from up (0) to down (7).
Tags:- Each rack consists of eight tags
1 tag = 4 core
1 core = 4 bunch
1 bunch = 2 line
N.E. : The word NE stands for the ‘NUMBER OF EQUIPMENT’. It is used for
testing number

20. In MDF:
Horizontal side:-
The horizontal side connected to the underground cable.
This cable is having 100 pairs. These pair is distributed when we
allot the telephone number to the subscriber.
Horizontal side is again subdivided in two parts:
1.One part is connected with the vertical side.
2.Another with the subscriber line by using 100 pair underground
cable.

21. Power Plant :
We know that, the power is an important source for every organization.
In the case of ATX exchange.
That is the first requirement of any organization is the input.
The main source of this exchange is AC supply.
The main part of power room are:-
1. Batteries
2. UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)
3. Charging - Discharging Unit
4. Inverter and Converter Unit.

22. EWSD:
 ElectronicWorld Switch Digital is one of the most
widely installed telephone exchange systems in the
world.
 EWSD can work as a local or tandem switch or
combined local/tandem, and for landline or mobile
phones.
 It is manufactured by Siemens AG, who claims that
EWSD switches perform switching for over 160 million
subscriber lines in more than 100 countries.

24. Leased Circuits :
 A leased line is a private bidirectional or symmetric
telecommunications line between two or more
locations provided in exchange for a monthly rent.
Sometimes known as a private circuit or data line

25. Conclusion :
 BSNL being a public sector, in order to thrive and
excel, have to understand about the customer
expectations.
 They also have to understand about their
competitors and their nuances in understanding
their customer, since communication industry is a
very competitive one it is high time for BSNL to
understand about their Customers in landline as
well as mobile services.