1. Introduction to yoga:- The word Yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root “Yuj” meaning to bind, join, attach, to direct and concentrate one's attention on, to use and apply. It also means union. It is the true union of our will with the will of God. The system of yoga is so called because it teaches the means by which the j1vatma can be united to, or be in union with the Paramatma, and so secure liberation (moksha). Yoga has also been described as wisdom in work or skill full living amongst activities, harmony and moderation. The term “yoga” in the western world often denotes a modern form of Hatha yoga and a posture based physical fitness, stress relief and relaxation technique, consisting largely of asanas. Yoga is particularly classified into 4 periods of innovation, practice and development:- a)Pre – classical period. b)Classical period. c)Post – classical period. d)Modern period. According to classical and modern period, yoga are divided into 12 types:- 1.Hatha yoga. 2.Sivananda Yoga. 3.Vinyasa yoga. 4.Viniyoga. 5.Ashtanga yoga. 6.Kundalini Yoga. 7.Power yoga. 8.Yin Yoga. 9.Bikram Yoga. 10.Jivamukti Yoga. 11.Iyengar yoga. 12.Anusara Yoga.

1. Dr. Prashant Kaushik
BPT, MPT(Sports), PhD Scholar
MIAP, CCSDN,CKT
Assistant Professor
KINPMS

3. Introduction to yoga.
Classification of Yoga.
Types of yoga.
Stages of Yoga.
8 Limbed System of Yoga.
Philosophy of Yoga.

4.  The word Yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root “Yuj” meaning to bind, join,
attach, to direct and concentrate one's attention on, to use and apply. It also
means union. It is the true union of our will with the will of God.
 The system of yoga is so called because it teaches the means by which the j1vatma
can be united to, or be in union with the Paramatma, and so secure liberation
(moksha).
 Yoga has also been described as wisdom in work or skill full living amongst
activities, harmony and moderation.
 The term “yoga” in the western world often denotes a modern form of Hatha yoga
and a posture based physical fitness, stress relief and relaxation technique,
consisting largely of asanas.

5.  Yoga is particularly classified into 4 periods of innovation, practice and
development:-
(i) Pre – classical period.
(ii) Classical period.
(iii) Post – classical period.
(iv) Modern period.

6.  The beginning of yoga were developed by the Indus – Sarasvati civilization in
Northern India more than 5000 year back.
 The word yoga was initially mentioned in the old scared texts, The Rig Vedas.
 The Vedas were a collection of writings containing songs, mantras, and rituals to
be utilized by Brahmans, the Vedic priests.
 Yoga was gradually refined and enhanced by brahmans and rishis who achieved
their practices and convictions in Upanishads, an immense work containing more
than 200 scared scripture.
 The Upanishads took the idea of ritual sacrifice from the Vedas and internalized
it, teaching the sacrifice of ego through self knowledge, action, and wisdom.

7.  In this era, Yoga was a combination of various ideas, belief and techniques that
contradicted and conflict with each other.
 The classical period of yoga is defined by Patanjali’s yoga sutras.
 Patanjali organized the practice yoga into an “eight limbed path” containing steps
and stages towards obtaining Samadhi and enlightment.

8.  A few centuries after, Patanjali yoga masters created a system of practices
designed to restore the body and prolong life.
 They dismissed the lessons of old Vedas and held onto the physical body as the
way to achieve enlightenment.
 They created Tantra Yoga, with radical methods to purify the body and mind to
break the knots that binds us to our physical existence.

9.  In this era of yoga, masters began to travel to the west in late 1800s and early
1900s.
 This began at the 1893 Parliament of religions in Chicago, when Swami
Vivekananda impressed the attendees with his lectures on yoga and the
university of the world’s religion.
 In 1920s and 30s, Hatha yoga was strongly promoted in India with the work of
T.Krishnamacharya, Swami Sivananda and other yogi practicing Hatha yoga.

10.  According to classical and modern period, yoga are divided into 12 types:-
(1) Hatha yoga. (9) Sivananda Yoga.
(2) Vinyasa yoga. (10) Viniyoga.
(3) Ashtanga yoga. (11) Kundalini Yoga.
(4) Power yoga. (12) Yin Yoga.
(5) Bikram Yoga.
(6) Jivamukti Yoga.
(7) Iyengar yoga.
(8) Anusara Yoga.

11.  This is one of the oldest form of yoga
which includes the practice of asanas
(posture) and pranayama (breathing
exercise) which brings peace to mind
and body, and helps prepare the body
for deeper spiritual practices such as
meditation.

12.  An active and athletic style of yoga
adapted from the traditional
ashtanga system in the late 1980s. It
essentially means movement
synchronized with breath and is a
vigorous style based on the rapid
flow through sun salutation. It also
refers to the continuous flow from
one posture to another.

13.  It is a system of yoga that was
brought to modern world by Sri K.
Pattabi Jois. This form of yoga
includes six series and each series is
a set sequences of asanas, always in
the same order. It is typically fast
placed, vigorous and physically
challenging.

14.  It is described as vigorous, vinyasa
yoga. Power yoga’s popularity has
spread across the globe and is now
taught everywhere. Because the
style can vary, it is recommended
that you consult the individual
instructor before performing it.

15.  It consists of 26 postures and 2
breathing techniques. This style of
yoga helps flush toxins manage
weight and allow performers to move
deeply into postures.

16.  This type of yoga is created in 1894.
 Chanting, meditation, readings and
assurance are done in this style of
yoga.

17.  Poses are held much longer in this
form of yoga in an effort to pay closer
attention to precise musculoskeletal
alignment within each asanas.
Another trademark of Iyengar yoga
is the use of props, such as Blocks,
Belts, Chairs and Blankets, which is
used to accommodate injuries
tightness or structural imbalances as
well as teach students how to move
properly into a posture.

18.  The Anusara style is a new system of
Hatha that teaches a set of universal
principle of alignment that underlie
all yoga posture, while encouraging
flowing with grace and following
your heart. It is broadly categorized
into three parts known as Three A’s
and they include Attitude, Alignment
and Action.

19.  It is typically begin with Savasana,
Kapal Bharti and Anuloma Viloma,
followed by a few round of Surya
namaskar. Then it move through
Sivananda’s twelve asanas, which
together are designed to Increase
strength and flexibility of spine.
Chanting and meditation can also be
a part of it.

20.  It refers to an approach to yoga that
adapts the various means and
methods of practice to the unique
condition, need and interest of the
individual. This style of yoga helps in
self discipline and personal
transformation.

21.  Kundalini incorporates multiple
movement or exercise, dynamic
breathing practices, chanting,
meditation and mantras. Each
specific kundalini exercise referred
to as a kriya, is a movement that is
often repeated and is synchronized
with the breath. The practice is
designed to awaken the energy at
the base of the spine in order to draw
it upward through each of the seven
chakras.

22.  It is slow placed style in which poses
are held for five minutes or longer.
Even through it is passive, yin yoga
can be quite challenging due to long
duration holds, particularly if your
body is not used to it. The purpose is
to apply moderate stress to the
connective tissue, the tendons, fascia
and ligaments with the aim of
increasing circulation in the joints
and improving flexibility.

24.  The eight limb system form sequences from the outer to the inner.
 The posture, asana, must be steady and comfortable for a long time, in order for
the Yogi to practice the limbs from pranayama until samadhi.
 Patanjali’s classification of classical yoga, as set out in his Yoga Sutra’s.
 Patanjali defined 8 limbed as:-
(i) Yama's. (vi) Dharana.
(ii) Niyama. (vii) Dhyana.
(iii) Asana. (viii) Samadhi.
(iv) Pranayama.
(v) Pratyahara.

25.  It is the ethical rule in Hinduism and can be thought of as moral imperatives.
 The five Yama’s listed by Patanjali in yoga sutra:-
(i) Ahimsa:- Non – violence.
(ii) Satya:- Truthfulness.
(iii) Asteya:- Non – stealing.
(iv) Brahmacharya.
(v) Aparigraha:- Non – possessiveness.

26.  It is the second components of Patanjali’s yoga path, which includes virtuous
habits and observances.
 Some of the Niyama are:-
(i) Shaucha:- Clearness of mind.
(ii) Santosha:- Optimism for self.
(iii) Tapas:- Self discipline.
(iv) Savdhyaya:- Study of self.
(v) Ishvarapranidhana.

27.  It is a posture that can be hold for a period of time, staying relaxed, steady,
comfortable and motionless.
 Over a thousand year asanas was taught by Shiva, stating four of these as most
important:-
(i) Siddhasana (accomplished).
(ii) Padmasana (lotus).
(iii) Simhasana (lion).
(iv) Bhadrasana (glorious).
 In modern yoga, asanas are prominent and numerous, unlike in any earlier form
of yoga.

28.  Pranayama is the control of the breath.
 It is the practice of consciously regulating the breath (inhalation, the full pause,
exhalation and the empty pause).

29.  Prati – Against.
 Ahara – Bring near.
 It is the process of retracting the sensory experiences from external objects.
 It empowers one to stop being controlled by the external world, fetch one’s
attention to seek self – knowledge and experience the freedom innate in ones’s
inner world.

30.  Means concentration, introspective focus and one – pointedness of mind.
 Dharana as the 6th limb of yoga, is holding one’s mind onto a particular inner
state, subject or topic of one’s mind.

31.  It means reflection, abstract meditation.
 Dhyana is integrally related to dharana, one leads to other.
 It is the process of mind which is distinct from dharana in that the mediator
becomes actively engaged with its focus.

32.  It means “putting together, joining, combining with, union, harmonious whole,
trance”.
 When meditating on an object, only the object of awareness is present, and the
awareness that one is meditating disappears.
 Samadhi is of two kinds:-
(i) Samprajnata Samadhi:- with support of an object of meditation.
(ii) Asamprajnata Samadhi:- without support of an object of meditation.

33.  Main philosophy of yoga is simple: mind, body and spirit are all one and cannot be
clearly separated.
 Yoga philosophy is similar to Buddhism, believe that spiritual ignorance creates
suffering and binds us to wheel of samsara.
 The central philosophical teaching of yoga resolve around the practice of mental
discernment, detachment, spiritual knowledge and self awareness.
 The Law of Karma is central to philosophy of yoga. Karma is the glue that attach
us to wheel of samsara, which extension our suffering and delusion of maya.
 Yoga philosophy also incorporates the concepts of the subtle body and spiritual
energies of prana and kundalini moving through the nandis and chakras. Hatha
yoga is especially steeped in the concepts of this energy anatomy.