Hazard Communication System Overview
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The document discusses key aspects of a Hazard Communication System (HCS) as required by OSHA, including defining hazardous chemicals, labeling requirements, material safety data sheets (MSDS), and employee training. It explains that the purpose of the HCS is to ensure workers are informed of chemical dangers in the workplace and know how to protect themselves. Employers must develop a written hazard communication program, identify hazardous chemicals present, and communicate information to employees through labels, MSDSs, and training.
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Hazard Communication System Overview
- 1. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Chemicals have become an important element of almost every aspect of modern life. All of these chemicals—from cleaning fluids to pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and paints—are produced in workplaces, and may be used in workplaces downstream. While these chemicals have utility and benefits in their applications, they also have the potential to cause adverse effects. These adverse effects include both health hazards and physical hazards. In order to protect workers from these effects—and to reduce the occurrence of illnesses and injuries caused by chemicals — employers need to communicate to employees information about the hazards of the chemicals they use, as well as recommended protective measures. Workers have both a right and a need to know this information, especially so that they can take steps to protect themselves when necessary. Introduction
- 2. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare The informational needs of employers to communicate this information to employees is done through a Hazard Communication Standard (sometimes referred to as a Hazard Communication System). Under the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS), employers must implement a Hazard Communication Program (HCP) for their specific workplace. At Laurel Pet Hospital, our HCP can be found in a white, three-ring binder on the shelf above employee mailboxes. Any employee can access the information at anytime and without prior authorization. Introduction continued…
- 4. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Hazard Communication System (HCS) The purpose of the HCS is to make sure that the dangers of chemicals in the workplace are communicated to employees in order to protect them against illness and injury.
- 5. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Background • The Hazard Communication System (HCS) is based on the concept that employees have both a need and a right to know the hazards and identities of the chemicals they are exposed to when working. • Employees also need to know what protective measures are available to prevent adverse effects from occurring. • The HCS is designed to provide employees with the information they need. • HCS is a ‘performance-oriented’ standard that provides guidance for defining hazards and for performing hazard determinations. Employers have substantial leeway in deciding what protective measures they must take to safeguard their employees.
- 6. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Definition of Hazardous Chemicals A hazardous chemical, as defined by the Hazard Communication Standard, is any chemical which can cause a physical or a health hazard.
- 8. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com The following warning language is standard for products sold in California that contain chemicals on the Proposition 65 list. Employers must post the warning below if chemicals on the Prop 65 list are used in their facility. This law does not apply to companies with 10 or fewer employees. WARNING: This product contains chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm. Proposition 65 Initiative
- 10. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Hazard Communication: Scope & Application • A hazard communication program; • Labels and other forms of warnings; • Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS); and • Training Employers are required to provide information to their employees on hazardous chemicals using the following methods:
- 11. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Hazard Communications: Scope & Application In work operations where employees only handle chemicals in sealed containers (which are not open under normal circumstances), employers must do the following: • Ensure labels on incoming chemicals are not defaced or removed; • Maintain copies of any Material Safety Data Sheets that are received with incoming shipments, and immediately obtain MSDS’s for shipments that are missing them; and • Provide employees with information and training to the extent necessary to protect them in the event of a spill or leak of a hazardous chemical from a sealed container.
- 12. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Hazard Communications - Written HCP Employers must develop a written program that covers at least: • Labels and other forms of warnings; • Material Safety Data Sheets; • Employee Information and Training; • A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present at the facility along with MSDS’s for each chemical; • The methods the employer will use to inform employees of the hazards of non-routine tasks; and • The hazards of chemicals in unlabeled pipes.
- 13. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Labeling Requirements • Each container of hazardous chemicals in the workplace must be labeled, tagged or marked with the following: 1. Identity of the hazardous chemical; 2. Appropriate hazard warnings; and 3. Name and address of the manufacturer. • It is required that the information on the labels remain legible for as long as the chemical is in the workplace.
- 14. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Labels • All labels or other forms of warnings must be: ›legible ›in English ›prominently displayed • Warnings in other languages can also be included if there are employees who speak languages other than English. However, information in English must also be included. • New labels need not be affixed if existing labels already convey the required information
- 16. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) • A MSDS for each hazardous chemical must be available in the workplace. • Each MSDS must be in English (although the employer may maintain copies in other languages as well). • A MSDS should contain at least the following information: 1. Identity of the chemical. 2. Physical & chemical characteristics. 3. Physical hazards of the hazardous chemical. 4. Health hazards of the hazardous chemical. 5. Primary routes of entry. 6. The OSHA Permissible Exposure limit (PEL), American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Threshold Limit Value and any other exposure limit used by manufacturer.
- 17. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Storing MSDS Information on a Computer OSHA allows employers to store MSDS information on a computer provided an employee can obtain the MSDS from the computer. If the MSDS cannot be accessed by the employee, or if the actual MSDS is located offsite, then a company would not be in compliance.
- 18. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Employee Information & Training Employees must know: • The various categories of hazards; • Any operations in their work area where hazardous chemicals are present; • The location and availability of the written Hazard Communication Program; and • How to read and understand the information found on a MSDS. They must know this information: • At the time of their initial assignment. • Whenever a new physical or health hazard is introduced into the workplace.
- 19. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Employees must also know: • The ways to detect the presence or release of hazardous chemicals in the work area; • Measures they can take to protect themselves; • How to safely handle, store, and dispose of hazardous chemicals; • How to properly use Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) and its limitations; • How to properly use safety equipment and its limitations; and • Emergency procedures they should follow in the event of a chemical spill. Employee Information & Training
- 20. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Chemical Hazards and Emergency Response • Exposure to chemicals leads to long term health effects. • Acute exposure happens over a very short period of time, usually less than 15 minutes. • Chronic exposure happens over a long period of time, usually weeks or years. • OSHA regulates the amount of chemicals an employee can be exposed to. • OSHA’s Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for a chemical is a time weighted average, which cannot be exceeded over an 8-hour period.
- 21. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Methods of Detecting Chemicals Ways to detect chemicals are: • By using continuous monitoring devices provided by the employer. • Observing the chemical’s appearance, odor, or other definable characteristic.
- 22. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Spill Control Policy • Small spills are those spills, which by their volume or low toxicity, are not deemed to present a health hazard to trained chemical users. • Large spills present a health hazard under normal conditions. Pre-planning for a spill saves time and minimizes the dangers to employees when and if it actually occurs. Some substances require special clean-up procedures to minimize hazards.
- 23. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Spill Emergency Plan Pre-planning for a toxic chemical spill might include the following: • Determining the location of a potential spill; • Determining the quantity of the substance that might be spilled; • Knowing the chemical and physical properties of the substance that might be spilled (i.e., its physical state, vapor pressure, and air or water reactivity). • Knowing the hazardous properties of the substance (toxicity, corrosive attributes, and/or flammability). • Having a spill kit prepared along with the proper personal protective equipment.
- 24. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Clean Up of Small Spills • Attend to any persons who may have been contaminated. If personal exposure occurs, have the person use an eye wash station or safety shower. Remove the person from the area and seek medical assistance if needed; • Notify everyone in the immediate area of the spill; • Close any doors; • Avoid breathing vapors of the spilled material;
- 25. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Clean Up of Small Spills, continued… • Leave any local exhaust ventilation on; • Secure supplies to effect clean-up; • Wear the appropriate PPE during clean up; and • Place the collected waste in an appropriate container for disposal.
- 26. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Clean Up of Large Spills • Attend to any persons who may have been contaminated. If personal exposure occurs, have the person use an eye wash station or safety shower. Remove the person from the area and seek medical assistance if needed; • Alert others in the immediate area of the spill. Evacuate personnel from the area; • Confine the fumes/vapors from the spill by closing the door to the room where the spill occurred; • Contact emergency personnel from a safe location.
- 28. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Handling Eye Exposure Emergencies If an eye injury occurs, quick action can prevent a permanent disability. For this reason: • Emergency eyewash stations should be placed in all hazardous work areas; • First-aid instructions should be posted close to potential danger spots; and • Employees must know where the closest eyewash station is and how to get there with restricted vision.
- 29. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Eye Wash Station • E y e Wa s h S t a t i o n s a r e mandatory for facilities if hazardous chemicals are used. • Eye Wash Stations must be no more than 10 feet away from the work area (with unimpeded travel distance).
- 31. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com The Revised Hazard Communication Standard (based on a Globally Harmonized System)
- 32. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com The Globally Harmonized System T h e r e v i s e d h a z a r d communication standard is an attempt to bring uniformity to hazard classification, labeling of c h e m i c a l s , a n d s a f e t y information. This revision will bring US workplaces in line with measures being implemented by countries throughout the world.
- 34. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Major Changes to the Hazard Communication Standard • Safety Data Sheets: MSDS’s will now be called Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and have a 16-section format. • Information and training: Employers are required to train workers by December 1, 2013 on the new label elements and Safety Data Sheet format to facilitate recognition and understanding.
- 35. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Benefits of the New HCS • To provide increased safety for affected employees. • To reduce the number of accidents, fatalities, injuries, and illnesses associated with exposures to hazardous chemicals. • To enable employees that are exposed to chemicals faster access to information about the hazards associated with the chemicals. • To increase the use of exposure controls and work practices that can reduce the safety and health risks associated with exposure.
- 37. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Gas Cylinder Corrosion Exploding Bomb Gases under Pressure • Skin Corrosion/ burns • Eye Damage • Corrosive to Metals • Explosives • Self-Reactives • Organic Peroxides HCS Pictograms and Hazards under the New HCS Standard
- 38. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com HCS Pictograms and Hazards under the New HCS Standard Flame over Circle Environment (Non Mandatory) Skull and Crossbones Oxidizers Aquatic Toxicity Acute Toxicity (fatal or toxic)
- 40. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare • Hazard statement means a statement assigned to a hazard class and category that describes the nature of the hazard(s) of a chemical, including, where appropriate, the degree of hazard. • Pictogram means a composition that may include a symbol plus other graphic elements, such as a border, background pattern, or color, that is intended to convey specific information about the hazards of a chemical. Eight pictograms are designated under this standard for application to a hazard category. • Precautionary statement means a phrase that describes recommended measures that should be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to a hazardous chemical, or improper storage or handling.
- 42. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Radiation: Definition • Radiation is a type of energy that travels at very high speeds in the form of particles and electromagnetic waves. • Radiation can be classified into two major divisions: ➢ ionizing radiation. ➢ non-ionizing radiation
- 43. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Ionizing Radiation • Ionizing radiation sources are found in a wide range of occupational settings, including health care facilities, industries, nuclear reactors and support facilities, testing instruments, and research institutes. • Ionizing radiation can be found in the form of gamma rays and x-rays. It is found in particle form in alpha radiation, beta radiation, and neutro radiation.
- 44. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Non-ionizing Radiation • Non-ionizing radiation sources include appliances such as tanning beds, high- energy lasers used for public entertainment purposes, high frequency heaters, microwave dryers and high powered broadcasting and radar stations. • An individual who handles, operates, or works in an environment where any type of radiation source is present can be subject to occupational radiation exposure.
- 45. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Radiation Exposure ➢ amount of radiation; ➢ the duration of exposure; ➢ the distance from the source; and ➢ the type of shielding in place. • Radiation exposure occurs when unprotected employees are near a machine in operation. • The degree of exposure depends on the
- 46. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Biological Effects of Radiation Exposure The most radiosensitive cells are: • The cells of an unborn child; • Blood cells and the cells in blood producing organs; • Reproductive cells (sperm/egg); • Digestive tract cells; and • Immature white blood cells.
- 47. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Radiation Area • “Radiation Area" means any area, accessible to personnel, in which there exists radiation at such levels that a major portion of the body could receive in any 1 hour a dose in excess of 5 Millirem, or in any 5 consecutive days a dose in excess of 100 Millirem. • High radiation area means any area, accessible to personnel, in which there exists radiation at such levels that a major portion of the body could receive in any one hour a dose in excess of 100 Millirem. • An employer may permit an individual in a restricted area to receive doses to the whole body greater than those permitted above as long as the dose to the whole body does not exceed 3 Millirems during any calendar quarter.
- 48. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Engineering Controls Radiation exposure/contamination can be controlled using engineering and administrative controls. Engineering controls include: • Time – personnel minimizing their time of contact with radiation in order to reduce the amount of radiation absorbed into their bodies. • Distance – contaminated particulates and gases are usually diluted if the distance from the radiation source is increased. • Shielding – any form of barrier between the worker and the source of radiation that protects the worker by absorbing the radiation. The greater the shielding around the radiation source, the less the exposure. • Proper Ventilation – airborne radioactive material or airborne radioactivity needs to be properly ventilated. • Containment Devices – should be used for both dry and wet contaminated materials.
- 49. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Administrative Controls • Warning signs – must be posted in all areas where radiation fields may be present. These signs should include all information about the extent and the nature of the radiation hazard. • Mass limitations – radiation exposure, use and handling should be limited. • Safety Procedures – includes proper housekeeping, maintenance and hygiene. • Safety Training – workers should be trained to protect themselves from radiation hazards, and to perform their work without any mishaps. • Personal Protective equipment (PPE) – can be worn to protect from radiation exposure.
- 50. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Monitoring Radiation • Personal Dosimeters ➢ Film badges ➢ Thermoluminescence detectors (TLD) ➢ Pocket dosimeters • Direct Reading Survey Meters and Counters • Continuous Monitors • Long-Term Samplers
- 51. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Mandatory Requirements • Every employer must supply appropriate monitoring equipment, such as film badges, pocket chambers, pocket dosimeters, or film rings, and require the use of such equipment. • Employers must maintain records of the radiation exposure of all employees for whom monitoring is required and advise each employee of his individual exposure at least yearly. At the request of a former employee an employer must furnish to the employee a report of the employee's exposure to radiation records.
- 53. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Fire Safety Introduction • Fires and explosions kill more than 200 and injure more than 5,000 workers each year. • There is a long and tragic history of workplace fires in this country caused by problems with fire exits and extinguishing systems. • OSHA requires employers to provide proper exits, fire fighting equipment, and employee training to prevent fire deaths and injuries in the workplace.
- 54. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare • An exit route is a continuous and unobstructed path of travel from any point within a workplace to a place of safety. • An exit route consists of three parts: › Exit; › Exit access; and › Exit discharge. • An exit route includes all vertical and horizontal areas along the route. Exit Route
- 55. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Exit Route A refuge area is: • A space along an exit route protected from fire by a barrier with at least a 1-hour fire resistance rating; or • A floor with at least 2 spaces, separated from each other by smoke-resistant partitions, in a building protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system. Exit is that part of an exit route that is generally separated from other areas to provide a protected way of travel to the exit discharge. Exit access is that part of an exit route that leads to an exit. Exit discharge is that part of an exit route that leads directly outside or to a street, walkway, refuge area, public way, or open space with access to the outside.
- 56. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Exit Routes: Basic Requirements • Exit routes must be permanent and there must be enough exits in the proper arrangement for quick escape. • Exits must be separated by fire-resistant materials. • An opening into an exit must be protected by an approved self- closing fire door that remains closed or automatically closes in an emergency. • The number of exit routes must be adequate. At least 2 exit routes must be available in a workplace to permit prompt evacuation of employees. • Exit routes must be located as far away as practical from each other so that if one is blocked by fire or smoke, employees can evacuate using the second exit route.
- 57. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Exit Doors Must Be Unlocked • Exit doors must be able to open from the inside at all times without keys, tools, or special equipment. • A device such as a panic bar that locks only from the outside is permitted. • Exit doors must be free of any device or alarm that could restrict emergency use if the device or alarm fails. • Exit doors may be locked from the inside only in mental, penal, or correctional facilities where there is constant supervision. Locked and Blocked exit
- 58. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Side-Hinged Exit Door • A side-hinge exit door must be used to connect any room to an exit route. • A side-hinge door that connects any room to an exit route must swing out in the direction of exit travel if the room is designed to be occupied by more than 50 people or contains high hazard contents.
- 59. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Exit Route Capacity and Dimensions • The capacity of an exit route must be adequate. • An exit route must support the maximum permitted occupant load for each floor served. • Capacity must not decrease in the direction of exit route travel to the exit discharge. • Ceiling must be at least 7-½ ft. or 2.3 m high with no projection reaching a point less than 6 ft.-8 in. or 2 m from floor. • An exit access must be at least 28 in. wide at all points
- 60. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Maintenance, Safeguards and Operational Features for Exit Routes • Exit routes must be unobstructed to minimize danger. • Arrange exit routes so that employees will not have to travel toward a high hazard area, unless it is effectively shielded by partitions. • Emergency safeguards (e.g., sprinkler systems, alarm systems, fire doors, exit lighting) must be in proper working order at all times. Obstructed Exit Route
- 61. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Exit Signage • Each exit must be clearly visible and marked by a sign reading “Exit”. • Letters of Exits must be 6 inches high. • Directional signs must be installed where the way to exit is not readily apparent. • Put “NOT AN EXIT” signs on doors, passageways, and stairways that are not part of an exit. • Adequate illumination • Signs must not be obstructed.
- 62. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Exit Signage • If the direction of travel to the exit o r e x i t d i s c h a r g e i s n o t immediately apparent, signs must be posted along the exit route indicating the direction to the nearest exit. • The line-of-sight to an exit sign must be clearly visible at all times.
- 63. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Exit Signage Each doorway or passage along an exit access that could be mistaken for an exit must be marked “Not an Exit” or similar designation, or be identified by a sign indicating its actual use (e.g., closet).
- 64. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Emergency Action Plan • Describes actions that must be taken to ensure employee safety in emergencies. • Includes floor plans or maps which show emergency escape routes. • Tells employees what actions to take in emergency situations. • Covers reasonably expected emergencies, such as fires, explosions, toxic chemical releases, hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods. • Procedures to account for all employees after an emergency evacuation has been completed.
- 65. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Fire Prevention Plan The plan must include: • A list of the major fire hazards and handling, storage, and control procedures. • Procedures to control accumulations of flammable and combustible waste materials. • Procedures for regular maintenance of safeguards installed on heat-producing equipment to prevent the accidental ignition of combustible materials. • Names and job titles of people responsible for the maintenance of equipment and systems. • Names and job titles of people responsible for the control of fuel source hazards. • Training for all employees who have responsibilities in the plan.
- 66. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Portable Fire Extinguishers If portable fire extinguishers are used in the workplace, they must be mounted on a wall and identified so that workers can access them without subjecting themselves to possible injury.
- 67. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Extinguisher Classification Letter classifications are assigned to extinguishers to designate the type of fire on which it will be most effective. • Class A – ordinary combustibles (wood, cloth, paper). • Class B – flammable liquids, gases, greases. • Class C – energized electrical equipment. • Class D – combustible metals. • Class K - Cooking Oils and Fats.
- 68. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Maintaining Portable Fire Extinguishers • Must be maintained fully charged and in operable condition. • Must keep in their designated places at all times except during use. • Must receive at least an annual maintenance check. • Must show a record of the annual maintenance dates; employers must keep this record for 1-year.
- 69. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Portable Fire Extinguisher Training and Education • Where portable fire extinguishers have been provided for employee use in the workplace, employees must be familiar with the: ➢General principles of fire extinguisher use. ➢Hazards of incipient (beginning) stage fire fighting. • The employer shall provide annual training to their employees and upon initial employment. • Assigned employees who will use extinguishers must receive instruction and practice in the operation of the equipment.
- 70. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare A Quick Recap • There must be enough exits for quick escape. • Exit routes must be marked, well lit, and free of obstructions; locks must not be used to impede or prevent escape. • For employers with more than 10 employees, an emergency action plan and fire prevention plan must be in place. • Fire extinguishers must be regularly inspected and maintained, and employees must be trained in how to use them.
- 71. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare www.oshamanual.com Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Health Care
- 72. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Common Hazardous Drugs Found in Healthcare Facilities • Drugs used for cancer therapy. • Some antiviral drugs. • Hormone agents. • Bioengineered drugs. Common Hazardous Drugs Found in Veterinary Facilities
- 73. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare These drugs can cause: • Skin rashes. • Adverse reproductive outcomes (including infertility, spontaneous abortions, and congenital malformations). • Leukemia and other forms of cancers. • Organ toxicity. • Genetic damage. • Birth defects. Dangers of Workplace Exposures to Hazardous Drugs
- 74. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Factors that Reduce Exposures Employers can reduce exposure by using: •Medical Surveillance Programs •Engineering Controls •Work Practice Controls •Personal Protective Equipment
- 75. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Medical Surveillance Programs Consists of… • Reproductive and general health questionnaires completed at the time of hire and periodically thereafter. • Laboratory work, including complete blood count and urinalysis completed at the time of hire and periodically thereafter. Additional tests, such as liver function and transaminase tests may be considered. • Physical examinations completed at the time of hire and then as needed for any worker whose health questionnaire or blood work indicates an abnormal finding. • Follow-up for those workers who have shown health changes or have had a significant exposure (substantial skin contact, cleaning a large spill, etc.).
- 76. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Engineering Controls Consists of… • Biological safety cabinets/isolators • Adequate ventilation • Use of closed system transfer devices • Closed IV systems • Syringes and IV sets with Luer-LokTM fittings for preparing and administering hazardous drugs. • Disposing of sharps in containers used for drug- contaminated syringes and needles.
- 77. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Work Practice Controls Consists of… • Training on how to read MSDS’s • Training on specific hazardous drugs handled at the facility. • Improved procedures for the preparation, administration and handling of hazardous drugs. • Evaluating sources of exposure. • Written inventory of all hazardous drugs in the workplace. • Handling hazardous wastes and contaminated materials separately from other trash. • Cleaning and decontaminating work areas before and after each activity involving hazardous drugs and at the end of each shift. • Cleaning up small spills of hazardous drugs immediately, and using proper safety precautions and PPE. • Cleaning up large spills of hazardous drugs with the help of an environmental service specialist .
- 78. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare Proper Personal Protective Equipment Consists of… • Wearing Disposable gowns made of polyethylene- coated polypropylene material (which is non-linting and non-absorbent). • Wearing two pairs of powder-free, disposable chemotherapy gloves, with the outer one covering the gown cuff. • Using a face shield when splashes to the eyes, nose, or mouth may occur (and when adequate engineering controls such proper ventilation is not available).
- 79. Hazard Communication System Hazardous Chemicals & MSDS’s Emergency Action Plan Laurel Pet Hospital Cal-OSHA Training Radiation Safety Review & Quiz Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Healthcare You Have Finished the Presentation… Now that you have finished the presentation portion of the training program, you must take the quiz, consisting of 40 questions, and receive a score of at least 70% (no more than 12 incorrect answers). The link for the quiz is: www.tinyurl.com/lphoshaquiz Thank You!