B412 Week 3 seminar - Chinese History and Culture Part 2
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In this seminar we will look at key questions regarding the history and culture of China in the 20th and 21st centuries.
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B412 Week 3 seminar - Chinese History and Culture Part 2
- 1. School of Business International Business Regions: China Week 3 Seminar History & Culture Part 2 Image Source: www.businessinsider.com.au
- 2. Pearson College London XXXX 2 School of Business International Business Regions: China Workshop 2 Submission to authority feet, hair, clothing
- 3. Pearson College London XXXX 3 School of Business International Business Regions: China Workshop 2 Communism with Chinese characteristics? • What is Communism? • The emergence of communism and the changes in the last 30-40 years • The Cult of Mao Zedong • Is China a truly communist country anymore?
- 4. Pearson College London XXXX 4 School of Business International Business Regions: China Workshop 2 China & the Leadership Today "Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the only route that must be taken to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, advance the socialist modernization and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation“ - Xi Jinping, Xinhua, 2013
Editor's Notes
- IMAGE SOURCE: Footbinding http://www.danwei.org/photography/bound_feet_in_china.php and Hair https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=chinese+people+with+queue+hair&rlz=1C1SKPL_enGB398&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=643&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=gnR1VN-sNLDY7AaJzIH4CA&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=fLYAHQ6S02GgWM%253A%3By6nIWT07sjiN8M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Ffc03.deviantart.net%252Ffs70%252Fi%252F2013%252F229%252Fe%252Fb%252Fpolitics_of_men_s_hair_in_chinese_history_by_lilsuika-d6igphp.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Flilsuika.deviantart.com%252Fart%252FPolitics-of-Men-s-Hair-in-Chinese-History-393809677%3B800%3B618 By 1911 there was a great call for change. There was a belief that China could only advance through the study of science and technology, through the broadening of horizons via overseas travel, the study of English and an end to the monarchy. But the revolution that brought the abdication of the last emperor, Puyi, and the founding of the Republic of China only lasted until 1949. China ever since has been defining its identity and what it means to be modern. Two reforms physically symbolised a transition to modernity and ended imperial submission. The tradition of binding women’s feet in China was an ancient erotic tradition going back centuries. Termed the “Golden Lotus” as the bound foot was called, involved bandaging the foot so tightly and changing it shape and size so that the foot was not much longer than an IPhone4. Young girls were forced into having bound feet because it improved their marriage prospects. The revolutionary thinkers at the turn of the last century called for an end to this barbarism signalling greater equality for women. Chairman Mao Zedong （毛泽东) declared during his revolutionary period later in the century, that “women hold up half the sky!” giving greater emancipation to women and the chance to work in factories. Likewise, hair had made a political statement during much of China’s history. In the Qing dynasty, the Manchu rulers imposed an order for all males to wear their hair shaven at the front and in a long pigtail at the back, called a “queue”, to show their submission to Qing authority. Traditions are hard to break and Mao Zedong used his power and authority to submit the masses to Mao Zedong Thought and the importance of the collective versus the individual. The ‘masses’ were forced to wear the same so-called Mao jackets and overcoats – the only choice was green or blue. I remember back in the 1980s and 1990s seeing people still wearing them. Their hair had to be fairly uniform – you can see it in the photo here – and any ribbon for the hair or adornment for clothing or make-up was banned as bourgeois. People condemned themselves to severe punishment and so-called humiliating ‘self-criticisms’ if they were found wearing or owning any such items.
- DEFINITION: “A theory of society according to which all property should be vested in the community and labour organised for the common benefit.” [The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles] How did communism emerge? What was it like under Mao Zedong? How did it effect people’s lives? Why was it embraced in the early days? How authoritarian was society under Mao? Insert YouTube clip – Revolutionary song: The East is Red: Dongfeng hong, the de facto national anthem in the Cultural Revolution https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28GYLcMx-2M (start at 00:48) Promoted the cult of Mao Zedong as the people’s “saviour” , their guide and strives for the building of a new China. The Chinese flag: The red represents the communist revolution; the five stars and their relationship represent the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the CCP. The large star is the CCP. Yellow symbolises the Chinese race. The working class, peasants, bourgeoisie and the national capitalists. Talk about the changes in the economy. Famine of Great Leap Forward. Terrible effects of the Cultural Revolution. The army of Red Guards. Poverty. Chaos. Songs of the revolution. How has communism evolved since ‘Opening up and Reform’ since 1978? Now China refers to itself as Socialism with Chinese characteristics? What does socialism mean? DEFINITION: “A theory or policy of social organisation which advocates the ownership and control of the means of production, capital, land and property by the community as a whole and their administration or distribution in the interests of all.” [The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles]
- [Quote Source: 05 Jan 2014 http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013-01/05/c_132082389.htm] Term ‘Human rights’ not allowed Privacy is a new word and concept in the Chinese language – really emerged in the last 20 years Neighbourhood watch committees, period police BUT: when you think about what control was exerted over people’s lives over the last century the Chinese people are considerably more free. Freedom to hold hands. Freedom to kiss in public. Freedom to travel overseas. Freedom to earn a living for themselves. Freedom to blog. Freedom to own a car and a house. What price human rights?