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映像情報を⽤いた
分娩時の⽜の状態推定
〇沖本 祐典1,菅原 ⼀真1,
中野 鐵兵1,2,⾚⽻ 誠1,2,⼩林 哲則1,⼩川 哲司1
1早稲⽥⼤学 基幹理⼯学部, 2知能フレームワーク研究所
1
⽜の繁殖農家にとって分娩時の⼦⽜の死亡事故は⼤損害
➡ 分娩予兆検知システムの開発・製品化が進む
カメラによる分娩予兆検知システムの意義
2
接触型センサによる
分娩予兆検知
カメラを⽤いた
分娩予兆検知
⾼精度 ⾮侵襲性
取付が容易
3
出⼒︓
予兆検知結果
⼊⼒︓
カメラの画像
ニューラルネットワーク(NN)
平常時
分娩予兆
分娩予兆
4
予兆検知結果カメラ画像
分娩
“平常時”の状態 “分娩予兆”の状態
n時間前
ニューラルネットワーク(NN)
分娩予兆
5
分娩
“分娩予兆“の状態も多様︕
ニューラルネットワーク(NN)
予兆検知結果カメラ画像
分娩予兆
6
分娩
平常時の状態は分娩前にも観測される︕
ニューラルネットワーク(NN)
予兆検知結果カメラ画像
分娩予兆
7
予兆検知結果カメラ画像
分娩予兆
前段NN(特徴抽出) 後段NN(予兆検知)
分娩予兆に寄与する
⽜の情報を抽出
抽出された情報から
分娩予兆か判断
8
分娩
“平常時“の状態 “分娩予兆”の状態
予兆検知結果カメラ画像
分娩予兆
前段NN(特徴抽出) 後段NN(予兆検知)
9
起⽴状態
(起⽴回数の増加
⽊村ら 1991,
Miedema et al. 2012)
尿膜・⽺膜の露出
(Saint‐Dizier and
Chastant‐Maillart 2015)
尾の拳上状態
(尾の拳上時間の増加
⽊村ら 1992,
Miedema et al. 2012)
分娩予兆に関係する⽜の状態
予兆検知結果カメラ画像
分娩予兆
前段NN(特徴抽出) 後段NN(予兆検知)
10
起⽴状態
(起⽴回数の増加
⽊村ら 1991,
Miedema et al. 2012)
尿膜・⽺膜の露出
(Saint‐Dizier and
Chastant‐Maillart 2015)
尾の拳上状態
(尾の拳上時間の増加
⽊村ら 1992,
Miedema et al. 2012)
分娩予兆に関係する⽜の状態
予兆検知結果カメラ画像
分娩予兆
前段NN(特徴抽出) 後段NN(予兆検知)
本研究の⽬的︓
画像情報から
分娩予兆に関係する⽜の状態を
どの程度推定できるか明らかに
材料・⽅法︓映像収録・ラベル付与
映像収録
⁃ ⿅児島県の繁殖農家の
分娩房に設置された
⼀般の畜産⽤カメラ
⁃ ⿊⽑和種雌⽜
⁃ ⼀画⾯に2頭
⁃ 24時間撮影(夜間照明点灯) 11
ラベル付与
⁃ ⽜ごとに分娩予兆に関わる
3状態のラベルを付与
⁃ クラウドソーシングを⽤い
⼤量の画像へのラベル付与を
⼀般の作業者に依頼
起⽴状態︖︓YES
尿膜・⽺膜露出︖︓
NO
尾の拳上︖︓YES
材料・⽅法︓状態推定システムの構築・評価
12
カメラ画像 ⽜領域 推定結果
No Yes
No Yes
No Yes
CNN
CNN
CNN
YOLOv2[1]
起⽴状態推定
尿膜・⽺膜露出推定
尾の拳上推定
物体検出 状態推定
[1] Redmon et al, “YOLO9000: Better, Faster, Stronger”, arXiv:1612.08242, 2016.
実験条件︓データ数
学習データ
⁃ 分娩︓25回
⁃ 牧場数︓1
⁃ クラウドソーシングでラベル付与
評価データ
⁃ 分娩︓4回
⁃ 牧場数︓1(学習データと同⼀)
⁃ 発表者らでラベル付与
画像枚数
13
Train Validation Test
起⽴状態 10170 1130 800
⽺膜・尿膜 7612 844 800
尾の拳上 10566 1174 800
実験結果︓分娩予兆に関係する状態の推定性能
14
1.00.80.60.40.0 0.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.2
閾値
1.00.80.60.40.0 0.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.2
閾値
1.00.80.60.40.0 0.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.2
閾値
尿膜・⽺膜の露出(BEP:0.82 )起⽴状態(BEP:0.96 )
尾の拳上状態(BEP:0.58 )
≔ / 	
	 ≔ / 	
break‐even point(BEP):
となる値
precision
recall
precision
recall
precision
recall
尾の拳上状態
NNは画像のどこに着⽬して判断しているか?[2]
15
尿膜・⽺膜の露出状態起⽴状態
[2] Ramprasaath et al, “Grad‐CAM, why did you say that?”, arXiv:1611.07450,   2016.
まとめ
⽬標
カメラによる分娩予兆検知システムを⽬指し
分娩予兆に関わる状態をどの程度推定できるか
明らかにする
結果
⁃ 「起⽴状態」と「尿膜・⽺膜の露出」は良い性能で推定
可能
⁃ 「尾の拳上状態」の推定は低性能
今後の課題
⁃ 「尾の拳上状態」のラベル付与の⽅法を改良
⁃ 分娩予兆検知システムを構築・性能評価
16
謝辞
17
本研究はファーマーズサポート合同
会社の春⽇良⼀様、⾼橋美博様を中
⼼に、⿅児島県の⽅々のご協⼒の元
進められています。有益な議論に感
謝致します。

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映像情報を用いた分娩時の牛の状態推定