In this text, an unholy alliance of the Pharisees and the Herodians (a pro-Rome party) seek to trap Jesus. Jesus leaves them speechless with an object lesson from a coin. The text is easy to understand. However, how do we approach the counsel to “Give to Caesar what is Caesar’s” in a context where our government actively promotes social and moral evils? Easy interpretation… hard application. Join us as we wrestle with this powerful text and its implications for today.
9. 4 Logical Options: J.M. Boice
1. God alone as an authority with the authority of
Caesar denied. [Monasticism]
2. Caesar alone as an authority with the authority
of God denied. [Secularism]
3. The authority of both God and Caesar but with
Caesar in the dominant position. [Cowardice]
4. The authority of God and Caesar but with God
in the dominant position. [Biblical]
10. The Counsel of God’s
Word
• Pay your taxes! (Romans 13:1-7)
• Honor the King! (1 Peter 2:13-17)
• Put God First (Acts 4:15-20)
13. Refrain from disingenuous flattery.
Learn to recognize traps!
What should we do?
Seek God’s wisdom in balancing
your responsibilities to God and
country!
Editor's Notes
Psalm 12
1Save, O LORD, for the godly one is gone;
for the faithful have vanished from among the children of man.
2Everyone utters lies to his neighbor;
with flattering lips and a double heart they speak.
3May the LORD cut off all flattering lips,
the tongue that makes great boasts,
4those who say, “With our tongue we will prevail,
our lips are with us; who is master over us?”
Front Side of the Coin:
“Tiberius Caesar, son of the Divine Augustus,”
Back Side: Pontif Maxim: High Priest, referring to the pagan Roman Religion.
Barclay claims there were three regular taxes. There was the ground tax, which was a 10% tax on grain production and a 20% tax on oil and wine. There was the income tax, which was 1% of a man’s income. And there was the poll tax, paid by every man from 14 to 65 years of age and every woman from 12 to 65 years of age; this tax was a denarius a year.
Craig Keener point out, “Like it or not, Jews had to use this coin; it was the one required for the poll tax in all provinces.”
David Guzik:
Had the Jews rendered unto God His due, they would have never had to render anything to Caesar. In New Testament times, they would never have endured the occupying oppression of the Roman Empire if they had been obedient to their covenant with God.
God alone as an authority with the authority of Caesar denied. [Monasticism]
Caesar alone as an authority with the authority of God denied. [Secularism]
The authority of both God and Caesar but with Caesar in the dominant position. [Cowardice]
The authority of God and Caesar but with God in the dominant position. [Biblical]
Barton:
Be wary of radicals on the left and reactionaries on the right. Militia movements have appealed to worried Christians and caused them to become more worried still. Leftist movements have attracted other Christians, who confuse political change with spiritual growth.
Romans 13
Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God. 2 Therefore whoever resists the authorities resists what God has appointed, and those who resist will incur judgment. 3 For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Would you have no fear of the one who is in authority? Then do what is good, and you will receive his approval, 4 for he is God's servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain. For he is the servant of God, an avenger who carries out God's wrath on the wrongdoer. 5 Therefore one must be in subjection, not only to avoid God's wrath but also for the sake of conscience. 6 For because of this you also pay taxes, for the authorities are ministers of God, attending to this very thing. 7 Pay to all what is owed to them: taxes to whom taxes are owed, revenue to whom revenue is owed, respect to whom respect is owed, honor to whom honor is owed.
1 Peter 2:
13Be subject for the Lord’s sake to every human institution,b whether it be to the emperorc as supreme, 14or to governors as sent by him to punish those who do evil and to praise those who do good. 15For this is the will of God, that by doing good you should put to silence the ignorance of foolish people. 16Live as people who are free, not using your freedom as a cover-up for evil, but living as servantsd of God. 17Honor everyone. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honor the emperor.
Acts 4
15 But when they had commanded them to leave the council, they conferred with one another, 16 saying, “What shall we do with these men? For that a notable sign has been performed through them is evident to all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and we cannot deny it. 17 But in order that it may spread no further among the people, let us warn them to speak no more to anyone in this name.” 18 So they called them and charged them not to speak or teach at all in the name of Jesus. 19 But Peter and John answered them, “Whether it is right in the sight of God to listen to you rather than to God, you must judge, 20 for we cannot but speak of what we have seen and heard.”