A Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources

1. A Trust P2P network for the Access
to Open Archive resources.
Emanuele Bellini and Paolo Nesi
Department of Systems and Informatics
University of Florence
http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/
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2. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
Context
- The evolution of technologies improved the Open Archive (OA)
capabilities of storing more complex and structured contents,
encapsulating resources and metadata as single entities (MPEG21,
METS, SCORM, etc.).
- These objects in scientific and cultural heritage fields need:
a) authority,
b) reliability,
c) retrievability,
d) manipulability,
e) wide dissemination
to become collective knowledge.
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

3. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
Open Archive overview
• Data Providers deal with both the deposit and publication of resources
in a repository and they "expose" for collecting the metadata about
resources in the repository.
• Service Providers use the OAI-PMH interfaces of the Data Providers to
collect and store their metadata.
- CiteSeer (information science),
- RePec (research paper in economics),
- Pleiadi (OAI resources),
- OAIster.
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

4. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
OAIster service provider I
This proposal has tried to eliminate the so called ‘dead ends’ of the query
results provided by OAI service providers.
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

5. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
OAIster service provider II
The users retrieve not only descriptions about resources, but they have
access to real digital resources thorough the URL of the access pages of
CMS
But…
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

6. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
Principal problems
a) The user may see different user interface, for each resource.
b) The user has to “jump” among different portals to get the
resources not found on a first portal.
c) There are no guarantee of successful access
d) It is not possible to enrich / annotate / manipulate the content by the
user
e) There are no features for exploiting the structural and semantics
richness of the content (semantic query)
f) It is difficult to sustain a unique global meta-catalogue for all
resources in the world.
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

7. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
Research Objectives
To face all these issues the proposed solution intends to:
1) disseminates the OAI institutional repository resources in a
trustable way, while preserving their authority and reliability
2) generates more Intelligent Content from OA resource for direct
content manipulation/enrichment/annotation
3) implements a ‘scalable and distributed access point’ going beyond
the current non-homogeneous research and access tools and
interfaces.
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

8. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
Peer to Peer approach I
Our approach comes from the success of P2P networks for searching,
accessing and distributing information.
The P2P approach:
a) It increase the retrievability of resources rising the number of
copies available on the network (wide dissemination).
b) It provides a unique logical view of different and distributed
repositories solving the repositories cross-search issue
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

9. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
Peer to Peer approach II
c) It provides a direct access to the resource
d) It increases the digital preservation capability thanks to the
duplication of the resources.
e) Thanks to the AXMEDIS P2P solution, the user can exploit the
Intelligent Content capabilities for manipulating / enriching /
annotating.
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

10. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
AXMEDIS overview
The proposed solution is based on the AXMEDIS framework
(http://www.axmedis.org).
The novel AXMEDIS approach provides tools for an efficient and valuable
content management: from production, elaboration, management and
protection, to a real multi-channel distribution.
The AXMEDIS P2P network is an open and scalable solution for setting
up P2P networks for multimedia content distribution and sharing and
allows content owners and distributors to create efficient, controllable,
legal and secure P2P networks.
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

11. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
AXMEDIS P2P Elements
- AXTracker is a modified BitTorrent Tracker managing the AXMEDIS
P2P network and community. The tracker is used to publish new content
by posting on it BitTorrent information and obtaining IDs for nodes and
files.
- AXEPTool is a specific P2P BitTorrent Client Node. It is able to accept
automated requests of publishing, downloading, monitoring, etc. These
facilities have been included to allow the P2P network controllability.
- AXMEDIA is a specific P2P BitTorrent Client Node for final user content
sharing and B2C (Business to Consumer) content distribution.
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

12. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

13. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
AXMEDIS based Architecture
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

14. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
Content production steps
1) The solution collects by OAI-PMH the simple (Dublin Core) or
complex (MPEG-21, METS), metadata and related physical
resources from OA.
2) The system bundles the resource, its metadata together in an
MPEG-21/AXMEDIS object, mapping the DC or other schema into a
descriptor item in the MPEG-21
3) It requires a licence for the new Intelligent Object.
4) Finally it publishes the new OA Intelligent Object on AXEP Tool
(P2P)
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

15. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
Content Production flow
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

16. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
Scalability of AXMEDIS infrastructure
The content production node AXMEDIS can be replicated in
order to distribute the load of the content production.
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

17. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
OA Intelligent Objects capabilities
This new OA content may include:
- any kind of digital resources and metadata,
- behaviours
- presentation interactive layers (HTML, SMIL or other formats)
Examples of Functions:
• to provide information in a proactive manner, such as user generated
content.
• to exchange annotations and OA complex content among end-users.
• to interact with these collections of intelligent content in order to
(i) migrate them to other devices, (ii) organize them into local database,
(ii) share them with other users.
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

18. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
Persistent Identifiers
Authority: The OA intelligent content has a credible PI (National
Bibliography Number, DOI, ISBN) included in the metadata
Reliability: The intelligent object connecting to the appropriate
resolution service resolves the PI to the master copy of that digital
object and with a mathematics (hash) and/or semantics comparison
(metadata) it verifies its integrity.
In this approach, the Digital Library plays the role of “supervisor” on
the reliability of the copy required.
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

19. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
Impact on OA Architecture
This solution redefines the Data provider roles and introduces a new
actor in the OAI architecture: the AXMEDIS Content Production node
(AXCP GRID).
The roles of the Data Provider consist in:
a) selecting and preserving the resources,
b) certifying the resources exchanged through P2P network, (new)
c) providing the resources to the Content Production node, for packaging
in a new intelligent object for interaction and multichannel distribution.(new)
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/

20. Trust P2P network for the Access to Open Archive resources
Conclusions
1) AXP2P solution allows the creation of efficient, controllable,
legal and secure P2P networks for OA resources distribution and
sharing.
2) Final users have a direct access to certified resources and they
may be stimulated to create and share their collection, setting the
conditions for developing a certified Personal Digital Library, in
the respect of IPR
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University of Florence - Department of Systems and Informatics - http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it/