Every person on this world has his own likes and dislikes. Human thinking varies from person to person. Human thinking is diverse, human wishes, desires var\. People in the world have reason to travel. Some travel for business purposes, some for medical purposes in order to get good medical facility, some travel in order to visit a holy place while some travel to see the natural diversity. The main purpose of travel determines the form of travel and tourism, so tourism could be classified as follows: ARCHEOLOGICAL TOURISM CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM PILGRIMAGE TOURISM ADVENTURE TOURISM AGRI-TOURISM

1. BASICS OF
TOURISM
Tourism Management
Pankaj chandel - dsvv

2. What is Tourism?
◦ Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon that entails the movement of people to
countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional
purposes. These people are called visitors (which may be either tourists or excursionists;
residents or non-residents) and tourism has to do with their activities, some of which involve
tourism expenditure.
- UNWTO

3. What Are The 5 A’s of Tourism?
1. Attraction
2. Activities
3. Accessibility
4. Accommodation
5. Amenities

4. Types of Tourism
◦ Every person on this world has his own likes and dislikes. Human thinking varies from person to
person. Human thinking is diverse, human wishes, desires var. People in the world have reason
to travel. Some travel for business purposes, some for medical purposes in order to get good
medical facility, some travel in order to visit a holy place while some travel to see the natural
diversity. The main purpose of travel determines the form of travel and tourism, so tourism
could be classified as follows:
◦ ARCHEOLOGICAL TOURISM
◦ CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM
◦ PILGRIMAGE TOURISM
◦ ADVENTURE TOURISM
◦ AGRI-TOURISM

5. ◦ EXCURSIONS
◦ MEDICAL TOURISM
◦ SPACE TOURISM
◦ ECO-TOURISM
◦ WATER TOURISM
◦ WILDLIFE TOURISM

6. The Types of Tourist
Type Familiarit Novelty Others
The Drifter Lowest Highest Highly adventurous; lives within the
local community
The Explorer Lower Highest Travels alone; seeks comfortable
accommodations and reliable
transportation
The Individual Mass Tourist Higher Lower Not bound to a group; somewhat
controlled time and itinerary
The Organized Mass Tourist Highest Lower Follows a tour guide; follows an
itinerary fixed in advance

7. Plog’s Model of Tourists Behavior
◦ Allocentric (The Wanderers) − A tourist who seeks new experiences and adventure in a wide
range of activities. This person is outgoing and self-confident in behavior. An allocentric person
prefers to fly and to explore new and unusual areas before others do so.
◦ Allocentric enjoy meeting people from foreign or different cultures. They prefer good hotels and
food, but not necessarily modern or chain-type hotels. For a tour package, an allocentric would
like to have the basics such as transportation and hotels, but not be committed to a structured
itinerary. They would rather have the freedom to explore an area, make their own arrangements
and choose a variety of activities and tourist attractions.

8. ◦ Psychocentric (The Repeater) − A tourist falling in this category is usually non-adventuresome.
They prefer to return to familiar travel destinations where they can relax and know what types of
food and activity to expect. Such tourists prefer to drive to destinations, stay in typical
accommodations, and eat at family-type restaurants.
◦ Midcentric (Combination) − This category of tourists covers the ones who swing between the
above said two types.

10. Documents Required for International
Travel
◦ However, every time you plan a trip to a foreign country, it might get overwhelming and a bit
complicated. As there are many things to plan for, you might get confused about where to start.
But, do not worry, we can help you with it!
◦ While you begin planning your trip, your first step must be to check the validity of your passport
and curate all the documents required for international travel. After this, you can start shopping,
packing, etc.
◦ As different countries have different document requirements, it is important to check the
documents required to visit your destination country before you start arranging your
documents. For example, if you travel to the Schengen region, it is mandatory to have travel
insurance inclusive of medical insurance.
◦ Therefore, it is advisable to research and keep the travel documents ready to avoid last-minute
challenges. We have listed below a few travel documents you would require during your
international trip, irrespective of your destination country.

11. Passport and Travel Visa
◦ While travelling to another country, it is important to have a passport. If you do not have one, it
is advisable to apply for it beforehand so that your application can be processed and be ready
in time. And, if you already have a passport, check the expiry date; it shouldn’t expire in the
coming 6 months or until you come back. Furthermore, it is preferable to carry a copy of your
passport.
◦ Another important requirement during international travel is a visa. It is a stamp on your
passport which provides permission to enter another country. However, a few countries provide
visa on arrival, and for others, you need to apply for the same in advance. Therefore, while
planning your trip, check the visa conditions, and if you cannot obtain an on-arrival visa, it is
prudent to apply for a tourist visa in advance, as the process might take some time. Besides, in
some cases, the visa might get rejected too.

12. Copies of All Identification Documents
◦ You might require your identification documents while travelling or during checkin in your hotel
for attending events, etc. Therefore, it is best to carry your original documents as well as a copy
of your identification documents.

13. Air Tickets and Proof of Accommodation
Bookings
◦ These might seem obvious documents, but some people forget to carry them at the end
moment. And these are the crucial documents without which you might not be able to continue
your trip. Also, it is advisable to have a soft copy of these documents. While travelling to certain
countries, proof of accommodation might even be required at the immigration counter.

14. Travel Itinerary Details
◦ It takes a lot of time and efforts in planning your itinerary, and generally, you make your
bookings for accommodation, events, adventure activities, etc., according to it. Therefore, to
have an organized trip and visit maximum places in your destination country, it is important to
have your itinerary handy. So, again, don’t forget to have a soft copy of the same!

15. Tickets for Events While Travelling
◦ There might be exciting events or adventurous activities happening in your destination
country/state during your trip, for which you make the booking in advance. If you don’t want to
miss out on that event, don’t forget to have the related details handy.

16. COVID-19 Travel Documents
◦ If you are travelling during COVID19, you might have to carry a few additional documents, like
COVID 19 report, vaccination certificate, etc. This requirement might vary across different
countries and carrier companies. Therefore, you should enquire and check the documents
required before a couple of days.

17. Foreign Currency
◦ One of the important things to carry is a considerable amount of local currency of your
destination country. This way, you might be able to save time on getting it exchanged and
conversion charges.

18. Travel Insurance Plan Details
◦ Travel insurance is an important document to carry while travelling to foreign nations, as it
might get difficult to handle uncertainties during your international trip. These adversities might
even bring your trip to an abrupt standstill. Therefore, it is in your best interest to purchase a
travel policy well in advance. However, even if you forget to do so, you can apply for the travel
insurance policy through our website and avail of travel insurance instantly, which would not
require any prior medical check-up. We would just require your basic details and preferences.
◦ After choosing a travel insurance plan from our website, you can customize your insurance plan
and choose your sum assured and weightage of other benefits depending on your destination,
duration of the trip, number of co-travellers, etc. For example, if you are travelling with your
family, you might require a higher sum assured; if your journey is long, you might opt for higher
baggage cover, etc

19. IMPACT OF TOURISM
◦ Tourism is a sector that can contribute to the economic, environmental, and also social growth
of a region or country at large. At the same time, it can also adversely affect the growth. If the
negative outcomes of tourism are not allowed to outweigh the economic benefits, then it can
keep good balance between its beneficial outcomes and investments made towards tourism.
Not all impacts of tourism are overt. They are often indirect and assessed by the judgement of
the observer.

20. Economic Impacts of Tourism
◦ Positive Economic Impacts of Tourism
◦ Inbound tourism helps to generate revenue from foreign shores.
◦ Inbound and domestic tourism create job opportunities.
◦ Inbound and domestic tourism stimulate the development of infrastructure.
◦ It generates opportunities for small scale local businesses.
◦ Negative Economic Impacts of Tourism
◦ Outbound tourism creates economic leakage.
◦ All types of tourism create a sense of dependency on the customer or economic recession.
◦ It can also promote parallel economies.
◦ The revenue earned from the tourism business seldom is beneficial to the local population if the
destination has accommodation provided by international hotels.

21. Environmental Impacts of Tourism
◦ Positive Impacts of Tourism on Environment
◦ It promotes investment in conservation of natural habitats.
◦ It thus in turn, contributes to the stability of the ecosystem.
◦ In developing countries, it discourages deforestation and over-fishing in large water bodies.
◦ It contributes to creating awareness of the value of environment for humans.
◦ Negative Impacts of Tourism on Environment
◦ It promotes vandalism and littering.
◦ It makes way for the destruction of wildlife and vegetation.
◦ It invites air, and water pollution.
◦ It creates a large carbon footprint.
◦ It creates a sense of dependency on natural resources.

22. Social Impacts of Tourism
◦ Positive Impacts of Tourism on Society
◦ The infrastructure development also benefits the local population.
◦ It tends to make people aware of the superfluous customs prevailing in the region.
◦ It helps eradicate poverty by promoting the arts and crafts made by people who search for a source of income.
◦ It fosters a sense of pride among locals.
◦ The bonds among communities are strengthened.
◦ Negative Impacts of Tourism on Society
◦ It impedes the life of local population because of congestion, noise, and pollution.
◦ It can bring problems of alcoholism, drug addiction, and prostitution in the local society.
◦ To make place for new accommodations or recreational facilities, the locals may be displaced by acquiring their
lands and violating human rights.
◦ It may act as a platform for the spread of contagious diseases.
◦ Tourism can change local community structure, family relationships, collective traditional life styles, ceremonies
and morality.