Hypoglycemia
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Hypoglycemia Characterized by an abnormally low level of blood sugar below a set point Normal range : 70-110 mg/dL or 3.9-6.1mmol/L Glucose is body’s main energy source Hypoglycemia is Not a disease in itself But the Indicator of health problems
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Hypoglycemia
- 2. Hypoglycemia
- 3. HYPOGLYCEMIA Characterized by an abnormally low level of blood sugar below a set point Normal range : 70-110 mg/dL or 3.9-6.1mmol/L Glucose is body’s main energy source Hypoglycemia is Not a disease in itself But the Indicator of health problems
- 4. SYMPTOMS: The main symptoms associated with hypoglycemia are: Mild symptoms •Sweating •Fatigue •Heart palpitation •dizziness •Shakiness •weakness •Anxiety •irritability •Hunger •Pale skin •Tingling sensation
- 5. Severe Symptoms when hypoglycemia is more severe then following signs and symptoms are possible Abnormal behavior Confusion Convulsions Loss of consciousness (uncommon) Blurred vision Clumsiness seizures ( uncommon) And in extreme cases, coma
- 6. Demographics • Occur most common in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes • Occur in men ,women ,children, the elderly • Not race specific • Genetically dependent
- 7. Blood Sugar Regulation Breakdown of carbohydrates Various Sugar molecules One of these molecules is glucose Glucose absorbed into blood stream But it can’t enter most of the cells without the help of insulin ISLET OF LANGERHANS ( group of pancreatic cells ) directly respond to level of blood glucose. Contain BETA-cell These are associated with INSULIN production. Contain ALFA-cell They secrete GLUCAGON.
- 8. Level of glucose rises Signals to beta cells to release insulin Insulin unlocks the cells Provide fuel, glucose to cells Extra glucose stored in liver and muscles in form of glycogen This process lowers the glucose level in blood stream Prevent it from reaching dangerously high levels. HIGH • Increased Glucose Level
- 9. Level of glucose decrease Signals to alpha cells to secrete glucagon Signals to the liver break down the stored glycogen Release glucose back to blood stream Keep sugar level in normal range • Aside from breaking of glycogen into glucose by liver, body has ability to manufacture glucose in a process called Gluconeogenesis • primarily occur in liver but also in kidneys Low • Decreased Glucose Level
- 11. TYPES OF HYPOGLYCEMIA DIABETIC HYPOGLYCEMIA Related to low blood glucose level occurring in a person with diabetes mellitus. One of the most common types of hypoglycemia seen in emergency departments and hospitals. NON-DIABETIC HYPOGLYCEMIA Related to some disease, They have further two categories. REACTIVE HYPOGLYCEMIA NON-REACTIVE HYPOGLYCEMIA These are also known as causes of Hypoglycemia.
- 12. CAUSES OF HYPOGLYCEMIA: Reactive hypoglycemia:(Postprandial hypoglycemia) Reactive hypoglycemia occurs within a few hours after a meal. Occur in people having sugary stomach Causes: An over-production of insulin an indication for developing diabetes.
- 13. NON-REACTIVE HYPOGLYCEMIA:(Fasting hypoglycemia) Isn't necessarily related to meal, may be due to an underlying disease. Causes: Some medications, like those used in adults and children with kidney failure excess amounts of alcohol any disorder that affects the liver, heart, or kidneys Anorexia nervosa Rare tumor of pancreas (insulinoma) hormonal deficiency
- 16. Prevention • Checking blood glucose levels - keep a regular check on blood sugar levels and identify the onset of symptoms. • Eat regularly - keep to your eating routine. • Alcohol - a heavy drinking session can trigger hypoglycemia so prevent alcohol consumption • Exercise - make sure you have eaten some carbo NOTE Recognize the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia early because untreated hypoglycemia can lead to: • Seizure • Loss of consciousness • Deathhydrate-rich food before you do any exercise
- 17. Unawareness of hypoglycemia Overtime repeated episodes of hypoglycemia can lead to unawareness of hypoglycemia Body and brain no longer produce signs and symptoms that warn of low blood sugar level such as shakiness Irregular heart beats when this happen risk of life threaten hypoglycemia is increased.