4. Ype4rux
Caserra AIIMI,ITPOBA
Peqell3eHT[:
n-p Kuplrn KOHECKZ, petoeeu npoQecop so nen:lrja na @ulo-
rourxlror Qaxy.nrer ,,Era>xe Konecxr.r" - Cronje
(pe4euaeuu,t ua denotu Marcedoucrcu jasurc)
g-p Bepa CTOJYEBCKA-AHTI4(, pegoneu npo@ecop na @uno-
lourxzor Saxy,nrer ,,Eraxe KoHecxlr" Cxonje
(pe4enaeuu.t ua de,tout Jluwep aruy p a)
Cuexana ,ll,l4 M hTPOBA. npoQecop no vaxegolcxu jar K I'1 Jltjre-
parypa no [YCO ,,Opqe Hlrolos" Cxonje
Jbr,uarra TACECKA. npoQecop no vaxeaoucrvjafux x nurepa-
rypa eo ,[CY ,,Ilretan [lrr'roe" - Cxonje
Co Peurente na ulrnlrcrepor sa o6pa3oBaHlre Ir HayKa 6p. ll-5172/).
oA 30.IX 2002 rogllra ce oqo6pyna ynorpe6ara na onoj y'{e6l 'rK.
5. CTOJKA BOJKOBCKA
JII{NJAHA MI4HOBA - f YPKOBA
AI4MI4TAP NAHAEB
XI4BKO UBETKOBCKI{
MAKEAOHCKI4 JA3I,IK
IIOA PEAAKIII4JA HA
JILIJIJAHA MKIHOBA - TYPKOBA
t
6.
7. HAYKA 3A JA3ITKOT
HAYKAIA 3A JA3I4KOT
Hayrara :a jaruxor ce [apeKyBa onrrrra Jrr{HrBncruKa. Taa e coBpeMeHa HayKa v
saseua :uavajno Mecro Bo cl4creMor Ha coBpeMeHI,ITe HayKr{.
Onurara Jr HrBr,tcr Ka ro npoy,ryea ja:r.rKor KaKo nojasa cnp:aHa co rroBeKor r4 co
voeeronara gejnocr.
Co gpyrz 36opoB[, Taa e eAHa oA HayKr4Te 3a rroBeKor ra :a neronr.ror jagr.m. Kaxo
coBpeMeHa HayKa, Taa ce HaAoBp3yBa Ha rpaMarr4Kara 14 Ha Sr4roJrorvjara.
fpalraruxara ro pa:rnegynajasnKor r(a(o 36rrp oA rpaMarrlqxr,r upaBlJra n ce rpuxfi
3a npaBItJIIIaTa ylorpe6a Ha ja3[(oT.Taa ce jaByBa yrrrTe Bo aHTr4qKo BpeMe r.r rr.r qe4ranupa
tpaMarrrrrKrrre npanzna uajnpno Bp3 craporprrKr,ror, a noroa Bp3 narnncxr.ror jasr.IK. flognqua,
oBr4e [paBr4Jra ce [pr4MeHyBaJre rr Bp3 Apyrvre enponcrra jasuqu. Ipauarurara ce cMerana
KaKO BeIIITVHa 3a TIpaBIIJIHO rrUIXyBaISe.
iDr,rororujara e uayqna Aficr{ntrJrr{ua roja ro npoyvyna jarr.rxor KaKo cpeAcrBo Ha
KyrrTypaTa.
Ka<o noce6sa Ar4crlu[Jrr4Ha, Qr.rlonorrajara ce o$opMyBa xou rpajor na XVIII ser.
Hejsun npegr,.rer Ha r4uTepec e pa3Bojor na Kynrypara Ha HapoAr4Te co noAoJrfa KyJrrypHa
'rpaguquja. Taa ru sacuoayBa cBor{Te rrpoyrryBarta Bp3 crapr,rTe paKorucr{, KaKo 14 tsp3
Qortrnopor, ra ru npoyqyBa KyJrrypHr,{Te BpegHocrr,{ na eger napoq. I,IMeHo, Taa ce r4rrrepeqrpa
3a nrrcMeHara rpagr,rqr.rja, :a jaar,rxo.r' Ha crapr4TepaKonr,{crr, 3a HrrBHara coAp)orHa, 3a eopuara
n aa rrrareprajaror rpa xoj ce Hanr{rxaHr4, t4 3a ycHara rpaAr4qr.rja, sa jasuror r4 3a coApxr4r{ara
Ha HapoAHoro rBoperrrrBo. Tara, raa rra o6egzuyna r43yrryBarsara na jaruror z ua
Jrrrreparypara, oco6eHo, so rexor ua XIX ser.
Og jaslrvna crpana, $ulolorr.rjara, npeA cd, ce uurepecxpa :a crapr.me ja3r.rqn, KaK-
Br4 rrrro ce: craporpqKr4or, Jrarr4HcKr4or, crapocJroBeHcKrror 14 upyrr4. Toa npercrarynalo.
ocHoBa 3a cnopeg6enoro npoy.ryBarse Ha crapr{Te r,r Ha coBpeMennre (r.rngoenponcrz) jaslrqu
Bo paMKI4Te Ha egna noce6na $uJroJlolrlKo-nr4HrBlrcrr,rrrKa AI4cII[rrJrr4Ha, no3HaTa noA r4MeTo
cnopeg6era Qr.rloloruja r.r:ru cnopeg6enoucropr4cKa JrrrHrBr,rcrr.rKa.
t
8. @nroroulrure u cnopeg6enoucroplrcKl4Te npoyqyBalra na ja:uxor 6nle no
cofJracHocT co omrTI4Te IrHTepecI4 Ha HayKara na XIX nex, co cBpreHocTa Ha rloBeKor Kolr
ce6eclr n xott coflcrBeHoro MI4I{aro.
Bo noqero<or na XX eer ce 3acr{nyBa rrHTepecor 3a [poyt{yBabe na ja:uxor u ce
jaeysa rHavaeH npecBpr. Hauecro crapnre jaznqn w ucropltcKl4or pareoj Ha ja:lrqlrre.
npeAMeror Ha r{HTepec Ha HayKara :a ja:lrror ce HacoqyBa KoH xHBt4or ja:lrx. xoH
Syurqzonr.rparrero na jasr.mor r.r KoH HeroBara crpyKTypa.
Onoj :uauaeu npecBpr Bo nayrara sa jaszKor ce [oBp3yBa
co vMero Ha rxBajqapcKnor rrHrnucr (Depqltnang ge Cocup (1857
1913). Ilpexy HeroBara reopuja ra ja:llxor, Jll{HrBr,rcrr.rKara ce
uagnojyna og $ulronorr{ara u ce npercraByBa KaKo HayKa co [pe-
qv:no za6pan npegMer Ha [poyrryBalbe Ir co [peIII43Ha Mero-
go:roruja.
Bcyuruoc'r, eAHa AI4crIrrnJrI4Ha craHyBa HayKa Bo BLrcrIrHcKa
cMr,rcJla, Torarrr Kora npeql,I3Ho r(e ru onpegenrr [peqMeror 14
MeroAr.rre Ha cBoero [poytlyBal+'e r-r lie ocrrapu pe3ynrarrr oA
oco6en rnrepec 3a rloBerrrrBoro.
{oserosuor jasrr, ceraro, e cnoxeHa nojana nonp:ana co noeer(e gejHocrra ua
qoBeKoT: co Mr4cJrelr,eTo Ir co ApyflrTe ncuxoQr.rsuoloflrKlr npoqecrr Bo rloBeKoBrror opra-
Hr43aM, co KyJrrypara r.r co Apyrltre $oprrau ua [3pa3yBarr'e r{ Ha rBopeme Ha rroBeKor I4TH.
Onue gejnocru Bo roJIeMa Mepa ce o6ycnonenlt og jaslrxot raxo nojana cBp3aHa co
rroBeKor, na fo olroBapyBaJre HefoBoro flpoyqyBarse.
Hayxara ea jasuxor, no3nara rroA rrMero or[rrra JrrrHfBltcrl{Kat ce o{opruyna xaxo
HayKa, rr3qe:ryBaj(n ro jaruxor xaxo noce6en npeAMer lra I{HTepec' He3aBI{cHo oA Apyrnre
uonexonn qejnocru.
Ifen ua nayrara :a ja:uror (na ollrrrara JrI,IHrBI4cruxa) e ga ro npoyrlyBa rIoBeKoBI'ror
jarux noonurro, oAHocHo onrrrrl,ITe, 3aeAulrtlKrrre (ynunepaa;rnure) cnojcroa na jatfiKor KaKo
nojaua cup:aHa co qoBeKor I,r co t{oBeKoBara gejnocr.
flpoyvynan ara Bo ofiIrrrara Jrr{HrBI{crLrKa rlpercraByBaar ocHoBa 3a onl{IllyBarbe Ha
pasruvnure jasfiqlr Bo cBeror.
IIPEIMET r4 3AAAr{I4 HA HAyKATA 3'A. JA3I4KOT
OoroseH fipegMer Ha HayKara aa jasr,rror e rroBeKoBl4or ja:ltr. llueno, raa ro
lpoyrryBa qoBeKoBr4oT jasur ne:anucno oA Apyfr,rre Qaxropz, oAHocHo KaKo cl4creM co
concTBeHa cTpyKT)?4.
flpr.moa, KaKo ocHoBHH 3alaqll Ha HayKara 3a ja3[Kor ce janyeaar: npftpoAara Ha
ja:uxor, crpyxrypara ua jarnxor, {yux4uonupanero na jasuxor Il Meronr{Te Ha rlpoyqy-
narrero na ja:uxor.
@epduuaud de Cocup
9. flpupoqara ua jasrmor qoafa go rr3pa3 npeKy Hetosure oco6eHocru KaKr) crlcreM
3Haqr{, KaKo cpeAcrBo 3a ornrrrerie uefy lyiero u KaKo cpegcrBo 3a t4cKa}KyBabe
i]OBCKOBIITE MIICJIII.
Ja:nxor uua :naKoBHa, orrrrrecrBeHa rr flcrlxuqxa npupoAa,
3H:lrOsHara npHpola HA jalr.tKoT ce 3nc Uu) Ba Bpt nl)xHutrrruT Ha c !,1{r l . ,r'rrr,,
rlp3 IrpcTcTaByBarseTo r.{a AaAeH npeAMeT r.rnr4 Ha lla/leHzl nojlel ,r7t c.t.Bilp
' "-
rir c I,r :lr,tt:H
3IJA K.
Ccl nouou na jaslrunlrre 3Haldt rloBeKOT nocrilB),Bl oAH(rc Mcr !r{, !,ttor oA
e IRiTPHOCTII IUl(r rO OnKpy)KyBa. KtKO tt Oq CAojoT lt, tCIeH CBdT l.i ( Ci.Itrr;,r;1 l;1s1r691
3a uoneror,.ja:nxor e 6urno cnojcreo co Koe cs frrJnuKyBa op /Ip],fr.{Te xrrnlr cvru tccr.Ba.
Lloaexor e no coc'loj6a nocrojano /la co3A:lBa Hotsx r rronrl ja:w'rHrr iHilrlrl I rlir tl.r
ynorpe6yea Bo orrtureriero co /lplrll nyre Bo prMKfiTe Ha qoBe(oBltrc i:lcltrl4l(r,1.
Moxsocrure ua ,rueexoeuorjaJlK cc HeorpaH q( H,4.
flpery ynorpe6ara na jarrror Bo qoBeKoBnre 3aegHr{qrr qoaia qo r{3pa3 onurrecr-
BeHara lpnpoAa Ha ja3r.{Kor. Mefy ja:lxor ll onlrrecrBoro [ocror.t 3aeMeH o/{Hoc. HeN{a
ja:lrx 6e: onulrccrBo rr HeMa onurecrno 6e:ja:nr. Coja:uxor uoncKor ro ocrtsapyua cnojo-r
on[ITecrBeH )<rrno'r. l,IcroopeueHo. ro ocrBapyBa lr ceojor ncr.rxuqKu xr{Bor rrpeKy oAHocor
Mefy ja3uKor It MIIcJIeIiero- Co ja:uror rroBeKor fI{ IrcKa)KyBa cBoI4Te MrrcJrH lr norpe6lr.
Ja:lrxor My oBo3Mo>KyBa caMocrojHo Aa ro aHaJtu3rlpa! Aa ro npoyqyBa rr Aa ro o6onulr.yea
cBeToT rxro fo onKpyxyBa.
llpery npcxara ua jaslrxor a Mr.rcJrertero noafa Ao u3pa3 ncr.rxzqKara flpfipoga Ha
ja:uxor.
Og nplrpoqara ua ja:lmor lpou:JretyBa HeroBara ynorpe6a, oqnocHo ABere ocHoBHr4
@ynrqlril najasuror raro cnojcrBo Ha qoBeKor: xoMylrKarr{BHara n cno:Hajnara Qyuxquja
Tue, ucro 'raxa, ce Bo recHa BpcKa co qpyrure $yrxqr.ru na iaalmor raKo rroBeKoBa oco6enocr:
o6eqr.lrynavxara, co xoja eAr,rHKr4Te ce noBp3yBaar uefy ce6e Bo [aAeH KoJreKTr.rB
npexy ja:zxor;
- KyJrrypnarq co Koja reHepaq[r4Te eAHa Ha Apyra Bo HelpeKr{Hara Hr.r3a rr.r [peAaBaar
IIt4 Br.rJrr43aqrrcKlrre BpeAHocrrr Ha rloBeIIrrBoro co floMolx Ha ja3]rKor;
cuu6o.:ruuuar4 npeKy Koja ryfero ro naofaar cnoero Mecro Bo AaAeHa 3aeAufqa rr
rIM ce oBo3Mor(yBa Aa ce Ir3pa3ar Ha onIrITecrBeH 14 Ha HaIIvoHaneH nJIaH ([peKy oBaa
Qynxqzja ja:llror ce npercraByBa KaKo 6zres 6ener na naqlrjara);
ecrercxar4 npexy roja nr ocreapyBaar cBor4Te vyncrna :a y6aeoro r4 3aAoBoJrcrBara
o71 Hero (lpeKy onaa Qyuxquja r{oBeKor rr{ pa3BnBa nnreparypara r{ Apyrr{Te yuernocur)
IITH.
flpoyuynanero Ha crpyKrypara na ja:uxor e ao recHa BpcKa co qeQnnupanero na
ja:lrror KaKo cucreM oI 3HarIu.
tr4nreHo, ce roj ja:rlx ce onhuyBa KaKo eAv ncrBo oA ABe paMnr.rfira:
pnMHHlrrre Ha.Sopr,ra z
ljilMHrnure rraYo4pxnua.
ou
tiil
10. Ja:r.rxor, 3Harrll, rrMa cnoja Qoplra: jaaz.rnu eA[HI4q[ o[ KoI{ e cocraBeH: rJracoBrr,
:6oponu rn peveHurlu 1a cBoja coApxnga : eAr{Hr4rlrr rrrro ucKaxyBaar 3Har{er6e.
I,Isqnojynanero na $oplrara rl Ha coApxr4uara na jaeraxor oBo3Mo)KyBa npeqrr3err
onzc na ja:raror npexy noce6nra nr4HrBracrrrrrKlr Ar,IcqIrnJII,IHIr:
- {oneruxa, roja ro npoyqyBa paMHr.rrxrero na o6pa:ynarre Lr Ha I,I3roBop Ha
TJIACOBIITE;
Sono.noruja, xoja ru npoyuyra rJracoBI,{Te KaKo cMlrcJropa3JrI4 KyBaqKI4 elIrHI4IIIr;
-ruop{olornja, roja ro npoyrryBa paMur{rrrrero na Sopvrlrre na s6oponzre;
-crrETaKca, roja ro npoyvyna rou6unraparrero Ha s6oponr.rre no s6oponnra qe:rocru
(a6opoenu cocranu, pevenuqra);
-nexcuxo.nornja, Koja ro llpoy'ryna jasuror oq rneAHa roqKa Ha HeroBr,ror peqHI,IrrKIr
cocTaB;
-:6opoo6paryrnEs, KOe fr.r npoytlyBa HarIr4HI,ITe Ha Ir3BeAyBarbe Ha 36oponrare;
- ceMaHTrrr(a, roja ro npoyvyBa 3HaqeEero, r,{TH.
Onucor Ha jasuKor npeKy oAAeJrHrr JrrrHrBr4crr4qKrr lficqrrnJrr.rur4 e ocHoBeH MeroA Bo
OTIIIITATA JII4HTBIdCTPIKA.
Toj rpruyna og ja:rE<or Booflrrrro, KaKo ct4creM co corrcrBeHa crpyKTypa, r4 ce
rrpr4MeHyBa eps crare ja:uqz Bo cBeror.
Jrr4HfBr4CTr4KATA r4 [PyfI4TE HAyKr4
Jllrnrs[crl,rKara ce 3acHoByBa Bp3 rroBeKoBara cfioco6nocr sa gaeltro onurren e. Co
Toa, Taa ce [oBp3yBa co [pyrr4Te nayrra vuj npegMer Ha rrpoyrryBane ce rroBeKor rr HeroBara
gejuocr:, KaKo rr co HayKrlre vuj npegrr.rer Ha vHTepec e xouynuraqlrjara (v no norecua lr eo
notllprpoKa cvncaa).
Onue npoyvynan a ce o6egr.tryBaar Bo eAHa onrrrra HayKa, rro3uara nol rrMero
cerr.ruonorlrja ra:u{ ceMrroTr4Ka, vnj npequer na [poyr{yBarr,e ce 3Haqr.rre.
Ceuuo.nornjara (cenrnoruxara) e orrrrrra flayKa 3a 3flaqr.ITe.
Taa rz npoyvyna cr.rre Br{AoBr4 3HarI[ rnro ce ynorpe6ynaar Bo ofirrrrecrBoro. Onaa
HayKa, r4c1'o KaKo rr onrrrrara Jrr{HrBr4crr4Ka, ce rroBp3yBa co @eppunanA ge Cocup. Cnopeg
uero, jaanxor e uajconpurenuor crrcreM oA 3Earlrr Bo ogHoc Ha Apyrr{Te cr{creMr,r oA 3Harlr4.
flpoyvy'ran ara Bo or rrrara JIr4rrrBr{crI,IKa, 3}rarll4, ce HaAoBp3yBaat ua $r.r:ro:rourxr.rre
lpoyrryBarsa Ha qoBeKoBaTa KyJrTlpa rr ce [oBp3yBaaT co npoyrryBarbaTa Ha crrTe Br4[oBr4
3Harlrr rrrro rlr ynorpe6yna voBeKor Bo ofirrrrecrBoro.
Bpcxara ua nunrBr4crr,{Kara co Apyrr.rre HayKr4 ce cregr.r npexy nej3r4Hrlor oAnoc co:
a) nayxrare rrrro ro [poyqyBaar qoBeKor KaKo opranrr3aM: arrponolorrajara, 6ra0-
:rorujaT a (oco6eno nej:r.nrr.rre gacqrrrrJrr4urr: anarorur.rjara. $lrsraonorujara, a 3aeAHo co Hea rr
co aKycrrrKara, KaKo Arrcq[[Jrr,rna na Qlralrrara);
I
11. 6) uayrttre rrrro ro [poyqyBaar Mrrcnertero raj .roneror z Bo BpcKa co roa rrpeHe_
cyBalsero na uu$oprraqzr: $u:ro:oSuja'ra, ncuxolorujara (oco6eno: coqraja-'rna'ra ncruo-
lorrzja), norr.rKara (oco6eno: Soprranuara norura), xaro r.r rra6epue.rlrxara n HayKara rrrro
ce janyea noq nejauna 3aKpr{Jra: reopr{ara na rzn$oplraqnjara;
r) nayrzre urro ja npoyvynaar aKTr4Bnocra Ha rloBeKor Bo orrrrrrecrBoro: coqr{o-
rorrajara, uayrara 3a Jrrrreparypara, ecrerr,rKara, ernolorujara, lrcroprajar:a, apxeolorlrjara
ITTH.
Bpcxara r'.refy oBr.re HayKrr, 3Harru, ce ocrBap)tsa npexy ceur,ro:rorzjara (ceulrorurara)
KaKO OrrrxTa HayKa 3a cLITe BI,IAOBI4 3lraqr,I 3a OlrrrrTelbe.
Ta<a, onurrenero Bo llorecua cMI4cJra e ocHoBeH rrpeAMer Ha npoyqvBalse Ha
coquja:ruara ncuxolorr{a roja npuru xnacra$r.rxaquja na cr4Te BnAoBr4 olturer+,e rraefynyiero,
Ha Jrr{HrBI4CTrrKara roja ro npoyvyBa orlrxrelbero co vone<onuor ja3]lK KaKo cr4creM oA 3HaqLI
14 Ha Apyfr4Te uayra uro ja npoyqyBaar reopeuxara gejHocr Ha qoBeKor Bo orr recrBoro.
Onurtegero Bo fiorxr4poKa cMr4cJra e ocHoBeH npeAMer ua xn6epuerr.r<ara. Taa e
onrrrra HayKa roja ru npoyvyBa npoqecr.rre Ha oAHocr{ rr BpcKr.r vrefy:ryfero, flprrpo[ara rr
MaIrII4Hlrre u fo HacoqyBa cnojor r,rnrepec KoB y[paByBal$eTo co MaIITI4H]rte. Onutren e.ro,
r{cro raKa, e npoq.na60ven npeAMer Ha fipoyqyBarr,e n Ha Apyfrrre HayKu rxro ce janyeaaT
nog uej:uua 3aKpr{Jra (og reoplrjara na rauQopuaqzjara, xoja rn lpoyrryBa rpoqecr{Te Ha
[cupa(arse, ua fipeHecyBar$e H Ha rrpHMal+,e Ha r,ru$opvaqnjara na Ao MeHauueHror. roj ro
rlpoyqyBa BoclocraByBariero ranQoprr.raqlrcra BpcKa Mefy ABa ciac,reua og snaqr.r).
Ceur,ronorrajara (celrr.rorn<ara), lar, ru o6egrmyBa npoyr{yBarf,ara Ha cr4re cr4creMrr
oA 3Har{rr co Kor4 ce ocrBapyBa onurrerre. cnopeg oBaa HayKa, cexoj'crEcreu og 3Haqr4 co Kot4
ce ocTBapyBa o[[rTerse ce HapeKyBa ll: r . :
flonpsaHocra Ha JrlrHrBr4crr4Kara co Apyrr4Te nayru oco6euo goafa go r43pa3 npeKy
I4HTepAI4CI{[[nI{HapHocra Ha HayKr4Te - eAHa oA ocHoBHI4Te KapaKTepI,IcrrrKI{ Ira paseojor na
coBpeMeHlrre Hayrn. I4t.reuo. Kora ABe uayxr,r (e ro npo4na60var npeAMeror Ha cnojor
znr:epec u (e uajAar 3aeAHrrqKr4 npeAMer Ha r,rHTepec, Torau Ha rpaur.rqrare rrefy qBere HayKA
(e ce pa:elre r.rHTepArrcqrrlJrrrgapHa HayKa. Tara, co npogna6o.rynanero Ha vHTepecr{Te Ha
[poyrryBarrero Ha nrl HrBrrcrrrKara (asuxor uua onrxrecrBeHa npr.rpo4a) u Ha coqraonorr{ara
(6zrua oco6euocr Ha ceKoe olrurecrBo, na u Ha cexola ofirxrecrBeHa rpyna e jaarror) ce
paenzra noce6na HayqHa Ar{cr{I4nJII4Ha - coqr{onrznfBlrcrrzKara.
GorEornmrncnrrmajrryoyqyrorpcnra wiy itlryrot nqGI,flmroottrnslrtrnt
Karo pesynrar Ha r4HTepArrcqrrlnr,r'apHrrre npoyrryBaisa uefv lusrwrc,a rrKara u
Apyrrrre HayKrl ce janyeaa'r none(e gracqunJrr4Hrr, KaKo ruro ce, Ha [pr4Mep: ncr.rxoJrr{Hf-
BI,ICTIIKATA, CTHOJII,IH|BI,ICTIIKATA, HEBPOJIIIHTBI,ICTI,IKATA I4 APYTI,I,
[CXXO:rrfrtrCrf,XtTt ro npoyqyBa oAHocoT uefy jasuuuoro oAHecvBarbe 14
MeHTaJrHr.rTe flpoqecr4 III"o Ce OCHOBa Ha TOa OUHeCyBaILe.
12. Errro.rlrlltnucrlNxara to npoyqyBa oIIHocor Melv Ja3rrKor I{ Kynrypara Ha cpe'quHara
no xoja ce ynorpe6yna roi ja:ur.
HenpornrrrnlrcrlrKara ce 3aHI'IlvIaBa co $ynrqr'rou n palrero Hzt oHlle qenTpu Ha
rroBer(oBlro'r HepBeH clrcreN,I rrlTo oBo3rlo)KyBaar vcaoil nau'e r'r ynolpe6zr na ja:u<o'r.
ktqd u sadaqu
i. TpaAullnjara Ha crapI4Te fpaMa'rI{KlI oco6euo ce 3agpiKana Bo 141'Iurr'ara Ha
rpilN{aTlrl(lrTe nonulr. Taxa, no nOeelieTO eBpoIIcKIr ja:uqu, rue IIJI1{ ce npe3eMeHII o/I
naTr{Hcr(l.r01, ja311K, !t]1r, lax, 6yxua:ruo ce npelleAeHu. cnopequ.rr.r cnegHuBe npllN{epl{ oA
Uaxeqoncx O.l ja3IIK CO COOABeTHlITe oA na'f 14HcKllOT Llnll, naK, O/q aHfn rIcKlIoT, repMaHcKI'loT
r,r cppauqycxltor. Haeequ I{ Apyfu MaKeAoHcKll rpaMarI4rIKu nouMI'I lr cflopeglr fl] co
crpaucxure ja:ttt-u.r rxro rlr ytllrtx.
2. I(on paronr.lcu ja npercranyBaar ocHoBara Ha cJIoBeHcKara Qlno:roruja? Ha xoj
ja::rrr cc Hanrr[ratu.t rIIe? I(axos BIIA nHTepaTypa npeTcTaByBaaT HxjcTapnTe c]roBeHcKll
paxonrrcr.r?
3. Cb uo XIV BeK paKonl{cl'Ire cc nlllryBare Ha IlepraMcHr ulro ce u:pa6oryBan oA
pa3irrrrrHr.I Br4]loBrl rr.r.aBeHa xo>xlL, roja n:rageTeJ[lTe lrntr HapoAoT o6nuno nu ia nogapyaalc
Ha Mar{acTt{pn're tr Ha npenuulyBartr{Te, a Tue Bo 3HaK Ha 6:raroqapHocT fu cnoN,lHyBane Bo
cBOtrTe 3:lnrIcLI. O6lIpu Ce Aa oTKpI{eu Ha KaKOB BI4A KO)l{21 ce HanI{[IaHu ABa IllcTa Ol
6llrolcl(lror rpuoA, Kot{ Ha nperurxyBairor My flr [oIapun HeKojcI4 HuKona, cuu Ha llnpoc,
CIIopeA cne[H}IoB 3ilflltc: Nl ll<o^,4 nHPotoBd thlNd E>KE [lH A0NEIE OiI. (dxl ld .ll .
^lltThl<()y
([oN,rour: Eir<e 3Haqu uJTo] x e Ao6IteHo oA I-x u npeMl'tuyoa RoTa; .t e 5poi, cfiTe lIMeHKu ce
IaAeHr{ Bo rIa[e]KHa cPopnaa).
4. IIpBure paKonlrcu Ha xapTr{ja uo Maregonuja ce HaTT UIaHII BO xIV BeK.3anure-
.e c piti cc rl rrcropu.iar;r rrl xaprlrjlrl I xoMcur p:rj ir npc.tH.rcrl xa x:rp rttjar:r :l p;r;ooior
r{a rr[cNreHOcTa. lllro vttc:rlrur, KOu p?IKOII]tcll l{MaaT ItOrOIeMo 3uarle}5e sa rf tt:rolOrr'ijara:
nHrlc Lii ro ce Harrt{r]aHll Ha lrepf aMeHT ttln ua xaprnja? 3ourro?
10
MaKeAOHCKLT JIATI{HCKI,I AHIJIIICKI,l repMaHcKr.r Spauqycru
caMolJracKa
3AMEHKA
]Ipr.rAaBKa
TJIATOJI
vocalis
pronomen
adiectivum
verbum
vowel
pronoun
adjective
verb
Vokal
Pronomen
Adj ektiv
Verbum
vouelle
pronom
adjectif
verbe
13. 5. llorcern ce Ha 3Haerrara oq 6rro-roruja: rrl lo e rrpe/{N're r !i:r npoyrryBa}he rJn rHa-
rovujara n ua Q rr::rrol orujara? I(ou AcnoBrr o[ rror]cKoBrror oprarrrr3ilrr npc'fcraBvBaal'
npcAr{eT Hzr 3aeAHfilrKr.r r.rHTepcc Ha aua'rol'rrrja |a. rra sn:noloruja'r'a n Ha onllrf ilf it
,rr'r urnr.rcruxa? I(oja runrnnc'rrrlK:l AlrcllrrrJlrHa e eo Hljrccna BpcKa co cpn:lro.norujara l)
6. Cnopeq 3aegHlrqKrrre npoyqyBaria ua aurponororujara, na $n:uo:rornja'ra u na
ollIIJTaTa JTLIHfBI4CTT{Ka fracoBrlTe A, LL, y, ,M, H, LL, LLL, K, C Ce U3fOBapaaT pertrlcU BO Ctrl'ri
ja:uqu no ceeror. llorcerr.I ce Ha ocHoBHL{Te +)u3uoirorxKr,r KapaKTepr.Tc'l'rrKu Ha r.r3roBopor
Ha oD14e fracoBrr (cnopeg Mecroro Ha lr3foBopor r{ crropcg HaqlrHor r{a obpa3yBa}r,el'o).
7. florcerlr ce Ha 3Haerrara oq cpu:nxa: rxro e nlleglrcr r{a lpoyqvnarr,e rra
nxycruxara? I(oja,,rnnrsr'rcrra Lrra ArrcqrrrnnHx e eo uajrecHa epcKa co aKycrrrKara? Pa:lluc:rn.
Koja e ocuoBHara d)u3u.rKa glrueu:uja no xoja cc.;arynaar riracoBunre eguuuqu! Ilponeprr
ro roa np3 ocHol:l Ha Sele;,rex,ero Hl jlturor co nuNrour Hil cboHercKolo rllovro!
8. 3 anurepecrlpzrj ce urro e ocHoBeH npeAMer Ha 14HTepec ua ncnxolorrrjrla u oco-
6eno na coqllja,ruara rrcuxo:roruja! IIIro uuc:rr.rur: KaKBa e ynorlTa uaja:rrxor Bo npouoco'r
n:r uncres,ero'? 3a xoja cpyHrrlrjl Hr jir:uxor xaKo coojcrBo Ha rroBeKor oco6eHo ce lrHrcpe-
cnpa ncuxo,rorujara'?
9. 3annrepecupaj ce rrro g ocHoBeH rrpeANrcr Hul rJHTepec Ha nofuKara, oco6eHo Ha
(ropvarHarii lorlrxtrl lllro uuc:rlrur: urro e 3aeAHrrrrKo 3a [cr4xoJroruj a'ra, Qropua:rua'ra
itotltKa I,I orlrrTaTa :runrgucrt4xa?
10. Bp: ocHona Ha BpcKara veiy onmrara Jrr4HrBlrcrlrKa u Qoprnla:lrara torrrKa ce
co3AaAeHLI fioBelie HayqHu uporpaucru ja:lrqu. I4ueno, ocHoBa 3a cexoj eqeH rporpnrrcKr.r
ja:ur e npupoquuor ja3uK Ha rlouexor.,[aru rr.r ce rro3Harr4 r4Mr{rr,ara Hi] HeKor4 nporpaMcKr.l
jasuqu lt Aalrlr rr4 e rro3Hara HlrBHara npur'rena?
11. OA o6lacra Ha J.lorr4Kerra oco6eHo npeAr.r3Br.rKyBane uHTcpec raKaHaperreHUTe
JrornqKr.r rapaAoKur, og xon uajno:uar e rrpr4r,repor: Jctc na:tutu. O6jacun nzlnu e oBail
peqeHl4qa npaBlrJrHa: a) noru.rKn; 6) rparrrarn.rxlr.
12. BpcKara uefy ipopr,la,r urrr norxKa l onurara JrrrHrBricrr.rKa, Bcyrxrlocr, ce
ocrapyBa npeKy N{areMarrrKara, oco6eHo npeKy reopiljara Ha ruHo>xecrnara. Toa :lHaqrr AeKa
ccroja r'rarcrrarlr'rra pcrfrrHrurrja r,ru rala,ra vo)Ke Aa cc flpLBeAc ur nprponcu jlulr.
Cnopequ ja cleqHaua MareMarulrKa 3atla.ra (A) co Hej3r{Hr{or npeBoA Ha npr.rpogeu.jr:ux
(E). IIIro MrrcJru[r: r{Ma J]u 3aAarrara peuenue?
A. [aru e ]fHoxecrBoro Ha c!{Te MHo}KecrBa NlHo)KecrBo Ha caMoro ce6ectr?
B. EqeH 6ep6epuu Bo eAHo cero ru 6pr.r.rlr cure rrrro ne ce 6puuar cautr. ,{a:nr ce
6pu.ru 6ep6epuHor ce6ecu?
1l
14. 13. Hexcll ua'reM.lruqapv t4 rorrrqapr4, r{cro raKa, ce rro3Harr{ rrrcarenl4, rla Bo cBorrre
nl{TeparypHr4 Aena BMerHyBane MareMarr4rrKlr 3alaqu. Tara, ceraro, TIr e no3uara 3a,qarrara:
IIIro e saeqnuvro 3a raBpauor rr 3a Macara sa nuurynan e? 3naeur nr.r oq roja rnura e onaa
3aAa.qa.u raro r-nacra nejaunuor oqroeop?
14. Karo najnpocr npzuep sa rz6epueruqKr{ [pouec ce HaBeAyBa crpyjnoro xono.
3a ga ce co3gaAe crpyjno rono e norpe6no Aa ce rr3Bprxar noeefe npoqecl4 Ha oAHocIr Ii
npcxr,r r'aefy ryfero, [prrpoAara 14 MarrrrrHrrTe (ruro r.rlr ce no3HaTrr na cnequja:rr.rcrn og
pa3r[qHr4 uayxu), uo ceroj suae [a y[paByBa (ga ynorpe6yna), oguocro Aa BKJIyqI4 IrJrI4 Aa
racxnyvu crpyjno rono. Hanpanr.r cnopeg6a co ja:rzxor, ceroj qoBeK 3Hae Aa ro ynorpe6yna
jasraror ro cexojgueBuara rrpaKTr,rKa, Ho AaJrrr 3nae cexoj xaro Qyrrrquorurpa jasuxor v KaKBa
e neronara crpyrr:ypa?
15. Teopr.rjara ua nnQopuaqzjara rr4 npoyaryBa rrpoqecr4Te ua lrcnpa(an e, na
[peHecyBarre r Ea rpl{Mar5e na uu$opuaqujara. Cnopegu ro ocHoBHr{or r"ro4en (A) og
reopzjara ua uu$oprr.raqujara 3a crarr4crtrrrKo npeuecyBarbe Ha cI4rHaJIor oA eAHo Mecro,
zsnop na nnSoprr.raqrajara, go gpyro, qen na r.trQopr'.raqnjata (ueBopor r{ qerrra ce rexulrqKlr
cne4crra) co MoleJror :a rortryuuraquja (B) co rroMollr Ha ja:raror lreiy yveculrqure ro
ronopna'ra curyaquja:
tfrfiEmriffis&ffi&- I
|l0,5_,P.5r:*eG!E€*i!r4 j;ig; . t-
lEf#$8Sfifi1€EEA-+r , I
|$qtg*:rs:: is_iii:f"r:j
A.
B.
ffi
IE==E:':EE-]
-tffi,Ft
F.ffi-ffiffi::l
t2
15. 16. O6jacnz ro ocHoBHoro
"Bpgen
e og reopujara na unQoprr.ra 4uia"ta: fla ce Jtu6ee,
suauu da ce 6ude do6po uuQopuupau.
17. flpu npenecyname curnan (na nplrMep, Ha palr{o r{Jrz reJreBr.rsucrr cr.rrnar) uox<e
ga ce janr,r npevra (o6n.rHo rorur BpeMeHcKr{ ycJroBr4 r,rJrr,r BerrrrarrKa upevra) roja rie n:urjae
Bp3 KBaJrr{Teror Ha nprreMor ua un$opr.aaqlrjara, oAHocHo Bp3 ocrBapyBariero Ha KoMy-
nr.rraqr.rjara. Hanpanz cnopeg6a co ronopulr cr.rryarprr4 Bo Kor4 Moxar [a ce janar phslr.rvHr.r
BIrAoBr.r IIpeqKr4 (6yvana oA MarrrrrHr4, BpeBa, r,rcroBpeueno :6opyname ua none(e nuqa r.r
c:rr.rvno). Onr.ruru rarsa curyaqraja!
18. CoquorzurBrtcrvKara, ueiy qpyroro, ro flpoytryBa jarraxor Ha o[AeJrHr,r
ONIIITCCTBEHI{ I'PYNI4 IIIIU CAIIHKII CE MEfYCC6HO IIOBP3AHI4 BP3 OCHOBA HA PA3JII4qHII
Kpr{Tepr4yMr4 ([or, Bo3pacr, upo$ecuja u clr.rvno). Tara, Ha rrpflMep, nocrojar pa3Jrr.rKr4 Bo
jasirror, oco6eHo Bo JleKcr,rKara Ha rroMnaALITe Hac[peMa rrocraplrre reHepaq[rr, Ha
rrpercraBHr4r{r,rre o[ pa3rr,{rrHr4 npoSeclrn u crr,{rrHo. Haregra [prrMepv na a6oponn IIIro ce
oco6euo Kapa KTe p[crr4rrulr :a ja:nxo.r Ha Mnaqrrre neHec.
rlcTopr{cKll PA3BOJ HA MAKEAOHCKI{OT JA3IIK
MAKEIOHCKT4OT JA3r4K KAKO EAJIKAHCKLI JA3r4K
Bo crojor ucroprEcrra pasnrarox ja3r,rrlr4Te rrrro ce s6opynaar no nenocpegna 6llr:nna
ce u3Jro)<eHr,r ua iraeiyce6ulr pon pr4 ti BJrr4jaHr4ja.
Maregoucxuor jasux ce :6opyna Bo HenocpeAHa 6luezna co gpyrrare ja:raqra uro ce
a6opynaar ua Banranc<nor floJryocrpoB:
- CO TPTIKI4OT;
co apoMaHcKEoT, co MeTJIeHOpOMaHCKIIOT;
- co a:r6aucrraor;
co 6yrapcxlrot lr co cprrcKr,ror, oAHocHo co ueronnre jyrolrcroqHr4 roBopH.
I,laro npznaiaar Ha pa3Jrr,rrrHr.r [oArpy[r4 Ha r,rHgoerponcxoro j asurrHo ceMej crBo, oBrle
ja:uqu no<axyraar nonerie uefyce6Hr.r cosnafana, uajrranory no crpyKTypara Ha peqeHr.rqara
r.r Bo perIHIrKoT, a Bo noMaJra Mepa II Bo LI3|OBOpOT Ha fJIaCOBr4Te.
Ma<egoncxnor z qpyrure 6alraucrn jazutqu,ucro raKa, pa3Br,rJre none(e saegirzvrr.r
qprrr Bo Aonr4p co rlpcKr4or ja:zr, co ouren Ha HeroBoro noner(eeeroeHo npr4cycrBo Ha
BarxaHcxuor floJryocrpoB. Ona e oco6eno ta3pa3eHo eo :6oponnraor cocran.
t3
16. Toa ce go:rxu na ueiyce6noro o[IrITeIse na :6opyeavu're Ha oBrre J
a3I4III4 Bo MIl-
Haroro, npen cd, Ha ALrjaJIeKTHo paMHLIIrrre. TaKa, Ha npr4Mep, apoMaHcKltor I'r MerJIeHo-
poMaHcKlror oncrojynaar calro no roeopera QopIraa.
Zrraeno, Iueiyce6nure connafan'a najnpeo Aolxre Io [r3pa3 Bo guja:rexrure (no
HrlBHara roBopena $opua), a noroa ce olpa3lrJle r.r Bo JlllTeparlpHure (cranqapgnlrre) j asuryr.
Cenar, connafarsara rraeiy 6alxancrtlte jaazqn no [oroneMa Mepa ce KapaKTe-
pr4crdrrHr.r ra lwjalerrure Ha MaKeAoHcKLroT jarr,rr. KaKo 3a AfijareKTure Ha Epyll4Te
6anxaHcm ja:r.rll . orKonKy 3a craHgapquure ja:uqlr.
Connafarrara lrefy 6alxaucrr.me ja:lrqu ce HapeKyBaar 6a,txanuguu.
Bo nayrara sa jasuror, raxo uajrum.r'rnr.r 6anasn3Mr{ Bo MaKeAoHcKrror I'I Bo Apyrlrre
6anxancxu jasrarll4, ce cMeraar:
AHa,ruruqx{ HaqI{H Ha u3pa3yBalbe naAe)Kllr'l oliHjoct qoaeK' od uoeerc' Ha qoaeK'
uped uoeerc, co 4olerc, aa qo6eK u'rn. Ognocure Mefy 36opoB[Te Bo perreHuqara ce IrcKa-
xyBaar co noMorrr Ha cocraBr{ o[ npeAJro3r.r 14 eArra oflrrrra I4Mencra SopIvra.
Agarurzqrrnor HarII4H Ha r.r3pa3yBaIle nanexHll oAHocI4 e 6nrua oco6enocr na
ua<egoucruor jasltx. lllreno, raa e pe3ynrar Ha none(e npoqecu Bo rrcropl'rcKlror pasnoj na
MaKeuoHcKllor jasr.m rolr peAr43BI4KaJre r43MecryBal6e Ha craplror rl4n cxItTerv qKa
gernlrt..aqlrja KapaKTep[cr[qna 3a crapocJtoBeHcK[tor jaslx (ucraxyBarse Ha oAHocI4Te
r'.refy s6oporr.ne Bo peqeHlrqara rc rroMolrr Ha naAe)KHn $oprrlz). Oroj npoqec peql,{cr{ IIeiIocHo
e 3aBprrreH Bo MaKenoHcKr4or ja:ltx, KaKo L Bo 6yrapcrnor, AoAeKa Bo poMaHcKl{or,
apoMancKrror, MerJreHopoMaucKr4or, rpqKr{or ra ar6ancr[or o6ra'rHo ce ynorpe6yraar qne
rralexnr4 Qoprrala (egna noMI{HarIrBHo-aKy3arI,IBHa 14 eAHa fennrunno-garlrona).
{nencru nacraBy;li q.o6eKota, qo6eKoB, uoaercou-Ynotpe6ara na rplr nlt3lr qneHcKrr
HacTaBKr4 3a O[peAeJIyBaISe Ha rrMeHKaTa, KaKO U Ha Apyfr{Te rrMeHcKl4 38opoBr4, l4cTo TaKa,
e 6rErna oco6enocr Ha MaKeAoHcKr4or jasur. Llueno, eo crapocnoBencKt'tor ja:ux ueuano
noce6nr.r qJrencKr4 HacraBKI4, a 3a o[peAenyBarSe Ha I{MeHKara ce yno'rpe6yBaJla noKa3Ha
3aMeHKa no I4MeHKara: Y oBtKb rs. Oeaa ynorpe6a fipercraByBa oci{oBa 3a paenoj na
locrrIo3I4TI4BHr{ rrJreHcKlr HacraBKr4 Bo MaKeAoHcKIror ja:ur, KoI'I ce coBnaAHaJIe co cooA-
Berurrre vnencrra lrop$eMlr Bo Apyrrrre 6anrancxn ja:lrqu. Cenar, caMo Bo MaKeAoEcKllor
jasr.rx ce janyna 'rpoen rIJreH Bo noc, noeuquja, noAeKa 3a al6aucrlror, 3a poMalrcKr{or,
apOMaHcKrIOT II MeflIeHOpOMaHcKI4OT e KapaKTepUCTUr{Ua ynOrpe6ara n Ha IIpelO3l4TIIBeH
(npeg lrueurara) u ua nocrno:zrunen'uren. lpvruorja:ux nosnaBa caMo flpelo3r'rreH 1uIeH,
a no 6yrapcxuor r4Ma caMo eAeH qJIeH roj pasnlrxyna qbrira lr ryca $opua.
Ygnojyname ua [peAMeroT lo eudoe HoaeKoru. Osaa oco6eHocr e Bo recHa BpcKa
co o[peAeJryBal6eTo Ha T4MeHCKI'ITe S6OpOnU lrja onsa(a crpyxrlpaTa Ha [pocraTa peqeHI4IIa.
YgnojynaBero ua npeAMeror He 6Lrlo raparreplrcrr{qrlo 3a crapocnonencxuor ja3rrK, TyKy
l4
t
17. nocrefieHo ceJaByBaJro Bo LlcroprrcKr4or pa3Boj Ha MaKeAOHCKTTOT ja3I4K KaKO CoBlara]5e co
cooABerHr.rre MoAeJrrr Ha npocrara perreHr.rrla Bo Apyrrrre 6a:rxancrr.r jaslrqz.
Ynorpe6a rra Aa-Ko'crpyx4uu: fia ce auae Da ce uua. Onaa oco6enocr ce jasyaa
Havecro crap or llu$[Hurue. roj eo ogpeqeHa Mepa e 3aqyBaH Bo poMaHcKr,ror 1ao <oj ce
coBnaAHalra co fnaroJlcKara I4Meura) u no al6ancKI{oT, KaKo Ir Bo cpncxlror. tr{nQl{I{r{Tr{tsor,
BCyITIHOCT, e HeJrrrqHa DraroJrcra @opua, rapaKTeprrcrl,IqHa 3a crapocnoBeHcxraor jarzx, no
BO rrcropl{cKrzor pa:noj na rvraxegoncxlro'r ja3r4K HefoBara ynorpe6a ce 3aMeHyBaJra co Aa-
xoucrpyrqujaT a, KaKo 14 co rJraroJrcKa xM esxa: He tupe6a cederte, rupe6a pa6outeu,e.
O6pa:ynan e uqlro npeue co SopMll n3BeAeHr oA.Jraronor caxa: /e d ojdau, fte dojdeu,t,
fte dojde.AcT oprrcKr4, Bo MaKe[oncrzor jasux oq onr.re Qopuu e lr3BeAeHa rrecrzqxara (e co
xoja ce o6pasyBa rrAHoro, KaKo rr Mr4Haro-r4[Ho rd r4AHo npeKaxaHo BpeMe. Bo c,rapo-
croneucrlror ja3[K, r4AHo npeue najuecro ce ].rcKax<yBano co cerarrrHo BpeMe oA cBprxeHv
rJraroJrr{: 4<b npHAx jac dojdnn, Ho rr olr{cHo co rroMotrr Ha rJratorure HMTTH (t:r.ra), nrH
(seue, Sa(a), Xb-rtTH (caxa):
;outrx npHrH. ynorpe6ara Ha (popMt4 oA rraroror XbrtTH
ce coBna[Hana co ynorpe6ara na fJraroJrr4Te co ucro 3HarreFbe Bo gpJrur:e 6anraucru ja:uqrz,
na ce Hanoxr4Jra r{ Bo r.rcroprrcxraor pareoj Ha MaKeAOHCKr40r jaeUr. oBaa oco6eHocr e
KapaKTep[crrtHa 3a cr4Te 6anxaHcxr.r jaavrqu, ocBeH :a an6ancruor.
f.naroncxn KoncrpyKrlt{ll co cy"tt tr unt&M tr rJraror'rcxa np AaBKa: cyu dojdeu, u.uau
dojdeuo. onue roncrpyrqlrrz, oco6eno KoucrpyKrlr4r.rre co uJrLaM, ce KapaKTepr,rcrr4qHr.r 3a
cure 6arxaHcrr.r ja:zqrz, oceen sa 6yrapcruor. co ynorpe6ara Ha oBrre KoHcrpyKrlr.rrr, KaKo
lr co ynorpe6ara na Qoprrlrare oA Mt4Haroro onpeAereHo cBplreHo 14 Mr.rHaroro onpeleJreHo
HecBpIrIeHo BpeMe, MaKeAoHcruor jasr.rr uua MorxHe cJIo)<eH fJraroncKl4 cr4creM.
O6pasyname KoMrraparuB t{ cylepJrarnB xaj npuqanxnre co npercranxure rlo- r.r
naj-: uodoGap, uajdo6np. Crapocloneucxuor ja:rx ,*ral noce6su $opuu :a r{cKaxyBar6e
KoM[aparrrB co noMolx Ha HacraBKI4, Ho Bo Ircropi.rcxzor paanoj ce HaJIoxl,In aHaJrr4TI4qKr4or
uarruH Ha crcnelryBalse fia I]pr.rAaBKr{Te co rroNrotI] na vop$eulrre ri o- w nu j- npegnp]tIaBKara.
oeue Soplm ce coslafaar co cooABerHrrre aHaJrr{Tr.rarKu eopvu no gpyrnre 6alxancxn
ja:uqu.
cnopeq 3acrarreHocra, 6aaxauugrrrare uajvec'ro ce yuorpedynaar no uaKeAoHcKr4or
ja:nx. oco6eHo ao puja,rexrnre Ha MaKeEoHcKr4or jarrzx. a HajrurHory rH HMa Bo 3a aAHoro
MaKeAOHCKO HapeVje. Bo Tllrjalerrrrre, r{cro raKa, nonefe ce ynorpe6yna JreKcrlKa KapaKTe-
pncrrrqHa r{ 3a Apyfr4Te 6a.irxaucxz jasr.rqu. I4ueuo, Bo Ht{B ce cpe(ana 3aeAHr4rrKa JreKcrrKa
.rrllBp:raHa co i{aquHor Ha iKrlBoror Bo Mr4rraroro (ucxpana" }peA}Ealbe Ha troMor, o6lexa,
i5
18. croqapcrBo). Iloroneu ge:r oA oBaa JreKcr4Ka e og rypcrnorjaaur, uo ce cpertanaar s6opoeu
oq care 6anrancrrE jasuqu.
Bps oorona na ueiyce6uure connafau,a, ja:uqzre na Banxancrraor llo:ryocrpon
o6pasyraar ja:lrven cojys, nosnar Bo HayKara KaKo 6amancrra ja:lrveu cojy:. Kaxo rrrflrrrrur4
npercraBHrrrlr4 na 6anrancruor ja:nueu cojy: ce janyraar MaKeAoHcKnor, 6yrapcruor,
rpvxror, ar6aucKr4or 14 poMaucKuor jasur. Kon onoj cojys ce npuqpp{qtsaar ra jyror,rcrovnure
cpncKr{ roBopl{, KaKo 14 apoMaHcKrror 14 MerJreropoMancKrror, Kot4 ce ynorpe6ynaar caMo Bo
ronopena $opna.
MAKETOHCKZOT JA3I4K O[ XIV AO XVIII BEK
Bo zcropzjara na MaKe[oHcKrror ja:rax ce r{3AenyBaar ABa [epr{oAa:
- crapoMaKeAoucrlr (og IX go XVIII rer) r.r
HoBoMaKegorrcKra (og XIX ner nanalry).
CrapouaregoncKr,{or neprroA ce oAJrr4KyBa co ynorpe6ara na crapocronenc<nor ja:r.x
(og IX go XI ner) u na qpronnocronencrnor jaslrx (og XII go XVIII ner).
flepuogor og XII qo XVIII ner no jasrauen norJreA rrpercraB)tsa qenrrHa npexy roja
Mox<e Hayrruo Aa ce cJreArr pa3nojor na uaxe4onc<uor ja:ux.
Zrueno, og XII go XIIVXW BeK npogoJrxyBa craprror rr4n Ha MaKeAoHcxraor ja:rzx
KapaKTep[cr[qeH 3a crapoc]roBeHcKr4or rreprroA r4 [pr4cyreH Bo MaKeAoHcKara napujaura
Ha rlpKoBHocJrorencrraor jasur KaKo oApa3 Ha cocroj6ara eo uapoguuor ja:zx.
Mefyroa, oA XIV Ao XVI eex ne(e qenocro ce o$oprrayna coBpeMeHr,{or rr4n Ha
r'aaregoncxuor jasr.Kpevrncu no cr.rTe MaKeAoHcKr4 fonopra. onoj run KaKo oApa3 Ha HapoAHr4or
ja:ux ce raqnpcryBa Bo MaKeloucxara jarn,r ua npaxrrxa og XVI ao XVlll BeK r{ npercraByBa
go6pa ocnona sa o$opuynane Ha coBpeMeHr{or MaKeAoHcKrr JrrrreparypeH (craugapgeu)
jaelrr.
Ol XIV no XVII nex ce oQopuyar rr ce saqBpcryBo coBp€Mef,f,or rntr tra MaxeAotr-
cxnorjarrx,
OSoprrayoaue'ro Ha coBpeMeHlror rl4n rra MaKeAoHcKraor ja:r.rr 14 HeroBoro
3arlBpcryBarre oA XVI Ao XVIII ser ro cJrellrMe npeKy:
IIPOMEHII BO I{3f OBOPOT
- ynpocryBarie Ha BoKaJIHIror cncreu (no nonertero lraxeAoHcKrr roBopr4 6pojor na
caMorJracKl4Te oA 11 nocreleno ce narraaryra na 5);
- 3arlBpcryBarr.e Ha o[Hocor no :ny.rt ocr raj cornacKr,rre;
- HaJroxyBalse Ha TpeTocJroxeH aKrIeHT.
16
19. NPOMEHI,I BO f PAMATI{K ATA
- IIPCBJIAAYBAI'E HA 6ANKAHI,t3MHTC BO fPAMATI{qKAT CTPYKTYPA HA MAKEAOHCKI4OT
ja:l*, og rou HajauauajHa e saMeHara Ha crapr4or HaqIrH Ha rrcKaxyBar'e Ha rpaMarr4qKl4Te
OAHOCII CO NOMOIII HA NAAEXII CO HOBITOT HATIIIH HA I'CKAXYBAIbC CO IIOMOIII HA NPEAJIO3I4.
IIPOMEFIIT Bo 3BOPOOBPA3yBAILETO, Bo pEqHrrKor H Bo opA3EonofzJArA
- 3acrrneHa ynorpe6a na npogy<rznnu s6opoo6pa3yBarrKr4 MoAenr4 KapaKTepr,rcrr.rqHr4
:a napognuor jaslrr (nauecro crapocnoBeucKltre lroge;rlr);
- ynorpe6a na :6oponn r.r $paseolorrsMr.r oA 3aeAHuqxara 6a:rxaucra JreKcrrKa rr
Spaseolorlrja.
IIILIPEILE HA OyHKTII{r4TE HA HAPOAHI4OT JA3I4K
Kaxo aureparypeu (craugapgeu) ja:rar, qpronuocloBeHcKr4or Bo nepftoAor oA XII
go XVIII ner ce ynorpe6yeal caMo Bo nmlynaua eopua.
Toj ja sagp;xan ocHoBHara $ynrquja HacJreqeHa oA crapocJroBeucKr4or 14 6trn ja:r.rx
Ha 6oroc-nyx6ara.
tr{cronpeueuo, roj 6r.r,r jarrm na npeBoAHara Jrr4Teparypa, a nocrerreHo rroqHaJr Aa ce
ynorpe6ysa n <axo jarrr ua aqvnH ncrpaqnjara.
flpenoqnara .nureparypa 6lrla ucKryqr.rBo co perrrrr4o3Ha coApxr{Ha, a aAMr{Hr,rcrpa-
TrrBHara BJIacr 6una noepaana co IIpKoBHara.
flpo'rzpynan'ero 14 3roJreMyBarrero Ha $yuxqnnre na nrclreH,ror jag[r eo Mare-
qouzja, cenax, ue ce Bp3yBa 3a rIpKoBHocJroBeHcKt4 or, TyKy 3a MaKeAoHcKr{or Hapogenja:ur,
xoj o6llvno $yurquour.rpal no ronopeua Sopua.
Bo ruruyeaua SopMa, HapoAHr4or j a:r.rr goafa go r43pa3 npeKy rroegzuevnu oco6euocrz
urro ce cpe(aeaar Bo UpKoBHoc,roee ucrlror jarnx.
Oco6enocrvre og napogHnor jaar4K MorxHe paHo rroqHyBaar ga ce ynorpe6yraar ro
opufrrHallHr{ire 3arrrlcr.r Ha [penI4IXyBaqr.rTe.
Llr'reuo, ua Maprr'ruI4 Te Ha paKonrrcrr re rr,Ie ocraBaJre MorrrHe BnerrarJr trBv 3anrrc 3a
cnojara npenr.llynavxa gejnocr, KaKo I{ 6eneurru 3a rorarrrHlr HacraHr4.
Tara, qpronuocnoeencxuor ja:ax ja :agpxynan eymqujara Ha ja3rrK Ha rrpeBoAHara
Jllrreparypa' a MaKeaoHcKrzor Hapogen jarvrx ja npe:euan symqnjara na jaslrr na Jrr4qHv re
(uajvecro noercrra) r4cKaxyBar6a Ha npe''v rxyBaqrrre, o[HocHo ua ja:ur Ha opr4fr.rHaJrHara
ylueTHuqKa r14repaTypa.
Zcro tara, npe<y 6e:re'rxnre 3a rofarrlHr,rre Hacra'rr, oco6egocrure o[ HapoAHLIor
jasrr ce ynorpe6ynaae r{ Bo Jreronr4c'ara Jrr.rreparypa, <oja e oq oco6euo aru.r"ru" au
MaKeqoHcKara Har{HoHaJIHa ucropr.rja.
17
20. Ilpexy yuorpe6ara na oco6enocrrrre oA HapoAHuorja:m ro opuruHa"rflfiTe noercKll
ranrcu qoafa Ao r{3pa3 ecrercKara Qynxquja na ja:uxor, a [peKy unBnara ynorpe6a no
Jrerotrr{cHara Jrr{reparypa - o6eArrrryBaqKara.
MaxegoHcxllor HapoaeH ja:nx. ucro raKa- nocreneHo npe3eMa gen og SyHxlllljara
na jasur na aqr'aunuctpaqr! ara.
flpuroa, rpe6a qa ce zMa npeqBlrn flp]IcycrBoro ua ryfia aglcEuncrparrrBHl4 BJracrrr
no Mareqonlrja, KoIr KaKo aAMI4HLIcrparI4BeH ro HaJro>KyBane ceojor ja:ltx (rra:anrucrala
Brracr - rprrKrror, cpllcKara - cpncKara eapujaura Ha qpKoBHocJroBeHcKI4or, TypcKara -
rypc<lror).
Ho, no ogge:rnll npaBnoaAMr{Hl4crparrrBHlr reKcroBrl KaKBIT rrrro ce, Ha rIpI{Mep,
MaKeAOHCKITT9 rpaMOTI4, CO KOr4 Ce [OKa)KyBa r.rMoTHaTa concrBeHocr Ha MaKeAoHcKr{Te
MaHacrrrprr, ce HaManyBa ynorpe6ara Ha IIpKoBHocJIoBeHcKr4 or ja:ltx r,r ce 3aqBpcryBa
ynorpe6ara MaKeEoHcK14or naponeH jarrz x.
fpauorrme nanurxanrr Ha MaKeAoncru Hapogenja3IIK lo noKDKyBaar MaKeAoHcKI4or
ornop clpeMa ryiara qproenoaAMlrnlrcrparl4BHa BJracr. Enen oA uajy6aeure npr{Meprr 3a
roa e KaruuanoBara rpaMora oA fioqeroKor Ha XVI ser.
Car..roctojnoc'ra Ha MaKe[oHcKara IIpKBa Bo Mr{Haroro. npexy ynorpe6ara ua
MaKeAoHcKrroT Hapogenja:1ry oco6eto goafa go n3pa3 Bo MaKeAoHcKIITe K9AIIIIII - paKolI{cHI4
KHr,rrrz co sarfirct4 3a Aapr4TeJII,ITe Ha MaKeAoHcKr{Te Manacrl{pl4. Hajgo6ap npl4Mep 3a roa e
Tpecxanevrzor ro4nx.
Maregoucruor napogen jasrax, lrcto raxa, goafa qo r,r3pa3 Bo reKcroBr{ co npaKTvqHa
HaMeHa, lrrcMa 14 uefyce6nu goronopra ra lyfero (najuecro no rpronujata), raro r{ Bo Apyr[
3anr4crl CO pa3lrt4qeu KapaKTep, HaTIIICII Ha IIpKBL{ I4 MaHaCTI{pu II CJIIITIHO. OCseH ttIIO
olpa3yBaar ruavajwr oco6eHocru og parnojor Ha MaKeaoHcKl'lor ja:lrx. oBHe reKcroBI4
cogpxar r-r:navajnn rrogarol{I4 3a KyJITypHara ucropraja Ha MaKeAoHcKr4or HapoA, KaKo I4
6orar onouactuvxra uarepujan (nrrlrnna ua nyfe r'r ua uecra).
Ilpexy ynorpe6ara Ha MaKeAoHcxuor napogen ja3r{K Bo rpaMorr{Ter Bo xoAl{rlrrre I{
BO TeKCTOBT{Te CO npaKTr{qHa HaUena, nOXpaj oSequnynavrata, nocreneHo Aoaia qo urpa:
cuu6oruvuara Syuxquja na jaruror.
Illnpemero Ha +yHKrI[[Te Ha MaKeAoHcKIror napogeu jaeuK Bo noercKr'rre 3arIucII,
BO IIeTO[trCEIITe 6eneurXtt, BO tpaMOTI4Te, BO KOAI{IIIITe I4 BO TeKSTOBI4T9 CO [paKTVqHa
HaMeHa I4MaJrO CIOHTaH KapaKTep.
I4rraeuo, [I4cMeH jasur 6ntt IIpKoBHocnoBeHcKr{or, IIa [rllryBarrr4Te c[oHTaHo rII
yuo'rpe6ynane oco6euocrure Ha MaKeAoHcKI4or napogeu jasr'x.
Cnecrra ynorpe6a na ltaregoncxr'ror napo4en ja:r'IK KaKo nIrcMeH Aoaia Ao Ir3pa3 Bo
MaKeAOlrcKaTa AaMacKr{HapcKa JrI4Teparypa.
18
21. rA3rlKOT HA IAMACKVIHI4TE
I-{pxoeHoc;roneucxuor ja:ux lulrar napoqnoja3uqHa ocHoBa, Ho Bp3 jy>xHouaxe-
AOHCKT.TTe f OBOpX OA CTapOCnOBeHCKT4OT rreprrOA.
Bo rcror Ha pu'lr4cr4 cclyM Bc Ka (o.q IX go XVItso HapogHraor jltir.rx sacraua,re rrose(e
npoMcHr'r co KU14 Toj lHerrrrcJrHo cc oAAanc,rrrn oA cBojara craHAxp[143npaHa npojasa.
crapocnoBcHcKr4ornurcparypeHjrrrx.lr craua,r Bo H3BecHt Mcpl HctoBonHopar6rp,rus rl
coBpeMeHrrre reHepaqr{rr. Hanlerynarsero Ha HapogHoja3rr.rnure oco6enocrl{ Bo r{pKoBHo-
cJroBeHcKr4Te TeKcToBlr e nocTaneH npoqec.
flncuenuor jau{K noKax(yBa rlororeMa rpagr{{fionaJrHocr oA roBopnr{or.
llapareluo co rrr4cMeHara yno'rpe6a Ha r{pKoBHocnoBeuc ruor ja:zr. xaxo.ja:lm ua
r14c4cHocra nocrcncHo cc npojaByBa fi MarcAoHcKHor HapoqeH jarwx.
riucvcsara yno'rpc6a Ha MaKcgoHcKlror uapoqcu jarur ao onoj ncpnon cc oqnuKyBa
co gBe 6nrHrr oco6eHocrr4: cnoHTaHocr r{ cBecHocr. Cotoa ce o6e36egyBa pa:6llplueocr r.r
npucTanHocT Ha tIumyBaHure reKcroBrr.
Cnonranocra qoafa qo r.r3pa3 [peKy nocrerreHo BKnyaryBa]5e Hapoquoja:uunu
eJreMeHTrr Bo ja3r.{Kor Ha rrr{cMeHocra. llpuroa, o,qAeJrHri (o6llvno ueqoeolro pa:6up:iunu)
r{pKoBHocnoBeHcru jasr.rvnu oco6enoctu ce 3aMeHyBaar co jaruvHl.r oco6euocrlr urro ce
nopa36r{pnrrBr.r H noiacHr.r r{ 3a npelrrrxyBaqlrre rr 3a HapoAor. Toa :na.ru gexa ja:uror Ha
nr4cMeHocra Bo ocHoBa e l{pr<oBHocnoBeucrul co oco6esocrr.r oA HapogHuor ja:ur.
Onaa oco6enocr ce cpe(aea no l'raKegoHcKr{re paKofiucr.r oA XIV Ao XVi BeK, a oco6eHo
e r(apaKTepr4crr.ruua :a :6opuuqI{Te co MerrraHa coAp)Kr4Ha, og rou e Hajno:uar Traxseturuor
:5opnux.
Ho, eo nepr.roqor oI XVI [o XVIII eex oeaa nojana go6r,18a cBeceH Kapa<rep. CnecHoro
BK.lryqyBar+,e Ha oco6enocrure oA HapoAHnor ja:rx nocreneno ce Harc>KyBa Bo cpeArrHara
Ha XVI BeK co ojaBara Ha eAeH noce6en Br.rA Jrl4Teparypa, rro3Hara noA r{Mero AaMacr(r4-
napcxa. Bo onoj neplroqja:]uxor r{ noHaraMy Bo ocHoBa e qpKoBHocJtoBeHcKr{ co 3Haqr.rreJrHo
noro:relr 6poj oco6enocrr.r og uapogHl.ro'r ja:r.tr. Cnecnuor ognoc Ha nperrrlrxyBaqr.rre cnpeMa
ja:uxo'r Ha AaMacKLIHure ce 3a6ene)KyBa r4 Bo HacJroBure Ha ,qaMacKr4Hapcxnre veruea. Bo
noee(ero oA HUB ce HarnacyBa AeKa ce Harrrruarul na onmr jarnK ho wsurre,u e4sr4{ ). Co
oeaa onpege:r6a ce rrcraKHyBa onurouapogHara ylorpe6a Ha ja:rlror. Bo-noHosr.rre
AaMacKr4Hr.r, ja:uror ce o3HaqyBaJI KaKo npocr rrrro 3HarIeJIo HapoAeH. Bo corJracHocr co
rprrKr.ror z6op por.
'yapod (cnopeAu: eyfiupeu).lpvxr.ror:6op nylrapeu 3a o3rraqyBarre
HapoAeH jasux no npeMero Ha peHecancara ce ynorpe6ynaa r4 3a 3anaAr{oeBporrcKr.rre
uapoglu ja:uqu.
lauacrunure ce noyunu :6opnuqu no xoujacto e HauraceHo neKa ce Harrfirra'u Ha
uapo4eu jarux.
l9
t
22. Tue ce na4onp3yBaar Ha rlporroBeAuara Jll{Teparypa n ro go6tlle I{Mero cfiopen
HrrBurror aBTop, nponoBeAHr{Kor flauacrltr CryArm, roj ce salaraJr cBorrre npofioBeAl4 Aa rrl
go6rloxu [o Hapo,qor. na rn Hannrrlan Ha uoeorpvxtt jarxx.
flarracrnnnre, vlrj xac:ron Ha HoBorpqKlr jazax e Tecaypyc, atafaar lleiy npnrre
NeTIATCHI,I KHI4|I4 BO BI43AHTIICKATA JIIITCPATYPA.
Hajnpeo, rue 6ute HaMeHerI4 3a ql4Tar6e rio IlpKBLrre, Ho MotrrHe 6pso ce pacfipo-
crpaHrrJre r{ HaABop og qpxeara. I4MeHo, ocBel{ qpKoBHIr rlponoBeAl{, Trre coApxeJle npv Ka3urr,
JIerenqr4, ofil{clt Ha HacraHrr II JlIrqHocrrr cBp3aHI4 sa xpucrujaucreoro, KaKo n ronKyBart'a Ha
nonaToql{ oq nonefe HayKI,I Bo cofnacHocT co rorarrrHrror IIoTJIeA Ha ceeror. co HacJroBor
Tecaypyc, BcyllrHocr, ce HarJracyBa HI4BHara ynorpe6a, ocBeH KaKo r{erl{Bo HaMeHero 3a
rrr4Ta16e, rr KaKo cBoeBLIAeH peqHr4K 3a npeBoA oA craporpqKl'I (<axo jaaur Ha aHTI4qKara
nrmeparypa) u cpeguorpurn (raro ja:lrx ua qpKoBHara Jlureparypa) na uonorpuxu.
flauac<unure, noA HacJroB Corcpoeuurue, pequcr{ BeAHarrl no H[BHoro neqare]be Ha
nonorpvrujasrEK ce npeBegeHrr Bo MareqoHr{a na IIpKoBHocJIoBencru ja:ur co oco6esocru
oq napoqnuor ja3nK rr ce rlrpeJre rrpeKy paKo[r4culr KHI,IrIr. Co nrlsHzolr N{axeAoHcKI4 HacJroB
Coxpoeuu.twe jacHo ce HarJIacyBa 3naalelbero [rro My ce AaBa Ha Hapognuor jastlx, oco6eno
I{a JreKcr{Kara, KaKo cBoeBr4AHo Hapoguo 6orarcrno. Tlte ja HagonoJrHyBaar npa3HrrHara oA
Apyr Br4A cBeroBlra nr.rreparypa, roja eo eanagnoeBportcKr.{Te :eujlr ne(e ce rxr4peJra Ha
napogen jaanr.
Bo XVI uex no Enpora [peBJraAyBa crpeMexor qa ce yuorpe6yBaar 3arraqHo-
eBporrcKrrre uapoquujasuqu xaxo jaruqu lra Jrureparypara ll Aa ce rl3Al{rlryBaar Ha crenen
Ha Jrr{Teparypnr{ (cran4apqnn) ja:uqu. Onoj crpeMex e KJryqHa oco6enocr Ha eBporlcKara
penecaHca rr naofa cnoj peaJreH oApa3 no jasuxor Ha MaKeAoHcKIrre AaMacKI{I r.
Co jaauror Ha [aMacKIrIrr{Te Bo MaKeAoHcKr4Te IIpKoBHocJroBeHcKI4 rerctonu jacno
ce rrocraByBa oAHocor Mefy IIpKoBHocroBeHcKr{or Lr HapoAHr{or jaeux ra ce pa3rpaHl4rlyBa
Hr4BHara yflorpe6a: qpxoenocnonencxuor jasrax ce ynorpe6yna ro qurarn oq Cneroro rlttcMo
r.{ oA Apyrrrre qpKoBHIr KHrrrI4, a HapoAHI4or ja:rar npenlaqyBa Bo roJlKyBalrara rr Bo
KoMeHTaprrre Ha qurauare. Tara, flpeKy IlpKoBHocloneucrnorjaslrr ce o6elex]'ra Br{coKlror
erprr Ha rr3pa3yBarre, a npeKy Hapogulror - Hr.rcKl4or. Toa uplrgonecyBa 3a crvJlcKara
pa3HoBrrArrocr na ja:lrxor rr 3a 3Haq[TeJIHo rrporrrupyBalre na ynorpe6ara Ha napoghr'rot
jaaux. I{cronper'.reuo, co jaslxor Ha AaMacKr4HI4re ce npuru us6op Ha Il3pa3Hr4Te cpeAcrBa Ha
rraaregoucruor ja3r4K, fipu urro qpKoBHocJIoBeHcKara JIeKcIrKa ce 3aMeHyBa co HapoAHa'
flpennmynaur.rre Ha AaMacKr4Hrrre cBecHo r,rHTepBeHI4paJIe Bo reKcror, He caMo Bo
oqnoc na jasr.rcor ryKy 14 Bo oAuoc Ha conp)Kr,rHara. Taxa, galracruHltre oA XVIII z og XIX
BeK He ce o6fiqeH flpenuc oA rlocrap paKonl4c, TyKy ce npepacKaxaul{ 14 cKyceHI4 Bep3IrIr.
floee(ero oA Hr,rB rlenocHo ce oAAaneqeHIr og ceojara qpKoBHocJroBeHcKa rIpeAJIoIIrKa I{ ce
Hafir4rrranrr Ha MaKeAoHcKr.r Hapogen ja:ux co ua:r 6poj IdpKoBHocJroBeHI43MIr.
20
23. flplr npepacxarxyBarr,ero I,t npu cKparyBarr,ero Ha AaMacxuHr.rre qoaia qo n:pa:
TBopeqxara cJro6oAa Ha rrpe[fi[ryBaqr{Te r{ Bo norneq na ja:lrxor r{ Bo norlreA Ha Jrurepa-
rypaTa.
Vaxeqoucxara AaMacKr.r-
HApCKa nr{TepaTyna r{va qon-
ra"'rpqBeKoBHa rpaquqlrja.
Hajno:nar MaKeAoHcKH Aa-
lacKHH e KpH u ucr lror qa-
MacK H. Toj cnara Mer) Haj-
craplrre lr najo6eunure qa-
MaCKITHI{ 14 HerrOCpeAHO fO
cJretrr{ TeKcToT Ha fprlKnol
opr{frrHaJr. flonoetrre gauac-
Kr.THrr ce Kycr{, a HeKoIt oA HrrB
ce o6u.rHu :6opnuqr co pae-
ruqHa conpxr4Ha. TaKa, co
oBa r{Me ce onQa(aar cure
paKolrrcHrr 36opHr.rqv Hanr.r-
rxaHr4 Ha HapoAeHja3uK. flpr4-
TOa, 3a pa3nr4Ka oA npBrrTe
AAMACKIIHI4, KOII CE HAIIIIII HII
Ha rIpKoBHocJroBeHcKrr ja3r4K
co oco6eHocrrr oA HapoAHr.ror
jasux, noclegnrrre ce Hanr4-
IIIaHI{ I{a rIICT MaKeAOHCKU
HapoAeH roBop.
Jaguxor Ha AaMacK[-
rrure fo o3rraqyBa npeMllHor
OA IIpK0BHOC!'IOB€HCKI{ Bo Ma-
KeAoHcKr{ Hapoqeu ja:ux,
r
!
Kputtucrcu dauacrcuu
21
24. h,
{e-ce- jo u;/2- ,a ft4d.laaL lre t-a^n 6fe'tt^- . -
tlLL7o -!u,.eo*E L4t
.m 'ua
^o*J X7,. c.a<
7 aa-M. k i t^-4cJ,i ,_
i ro.s^"(a* o n,
m*o, i -'nY
.7"Q+t ;+'rn^(*-- r;
7 ijaa1
Cv7" n.cJ 7
ay'r'. a'{ ttowzz; an4 em'z-, i r.n/.
d; e' Ba ,(a,/ale46 rate mz rraEe ,- t1 .tLt' tli'
Ac e'. efrg tt2- Tv4eatz- :Xe-/rte1ftL -A rzV<- //-.
ttrro, i. reo i. tloot.exz-
7nf fa-n,a:e- rw:
A^e.T f,-t6q.- e Ar-a m!A'74 e-tt Cce, t(at'La. 1o aau,^
bli,r4z, ,eq,L- ,rq 4-'{*q , tlcicaq Uy ea.7a-*+
It".- tlet'o Co cm aa)l,.a- a odc-r"- fi+h74"az .
fp.tu rto af rozi u az, I e.*z f7{a4 71.r- EeJ-
Ie:r* Y^Tn" XFa.t t-hz cz , t{aa*(y Xy--
6. h a orq&ta Ce- izozT e.A<, ,fr47k t2ry.
u^!y/o^i Ce,* i n. uxe 7 a, i m o. t-i , t1o',i
4 o at a a< z p.,, r*t-[
7 ru r .-f,. itt"t e (.t c/u ro-z_
er.t<n x ln 4t"t; , a o 1o f e,7 e ,rfefa v(,t- -
fr^A"AZ 7e
crFtt| TrDQttT fe "a-o n e-.nz- i c.u<-
/o
,F'L fV e Tvftt Es t' t z_ 6r,'
,0,*1ro.ru
ti i aaar-oo Ef w t+r< k-,
lboqfL', €+qJ e. ,la- rqAo u A-p- lQf, a rqooi .-
o6ifia fio mial'aa i aa+tt- /o. a{oAaaro
u'c.a 40A^ i cai na,./t1- fif 274.-aA-4.:4
?tt'r.{- f7i "^.
(",.6"-.te tn
^{"
i tu-e-/roq k
Epxdaucrcu dauacrcuu
MAKEAOHCKIIOT JA3ZK BO NPBATA fIO]IOBI4HA
. HAXIXBEK
flpnara rroJroBr4Ha na XIX sex ro o3uarlyBa fior{eroKor rra HoBoMaKeAoHcKIlor rre-
pr{oA o[ pasrojor ua MaKeAoHcKrror III4oMeH ll Jrl,ITeparypen jasur. Bo onoj neplt og pevncu
rleJrocHo e HaMaJreHa ynorpe6ara Ha qpKoBHocJroBeHcKI4or jasur no Maxegour.rja ra ce
aQr.rpvnpa ynorpe6ara Ha MaKeAoHcKr4or napogeu jarHx.
22
25. I]pxonnocrioneucruor ja:rlr j a 3aApxa:r caMo ynorpe6ara xaxo j asrm na qpronuoro
neeue. 14 Toa npeKy ynorpe6a Ha pycKn neqareHl4 KHt4ru. KoI{ tu 3aMeHnJIe AororatuHllTe
paKo[zcHLI KHrrr[ mro ce yfiorpe6ynale no rrlareAoHcKl4Te rIpKBr.r z uauaculpu. Toa, ceKaKe
ce oqpa3r,rno u nps ynorpe6ara sa oco6esocrr4Te Ha HapoAHt4or jatnr no r{pKoBuara
nrrrepaTypa.
Og gpyra crpana, ce 3acriJryBa Blujanxero oq coceAHrrre HapoAr,{, rprrKt4 or, cp[cKr4or
u 6yrapcKuor, Korr flpeKy pa3nr.rrrHu $opulr (qp<ea, rproeuja, o6paaoeanze lrrn.) rlr
HaMerHyBaar cBor.rre jaaraqu nps Maregonqlrre.
Onaa clrryaquja ce ycnoxHyBa rE co ynorpe6ara Ha rypcKt4or jaaur<, npeg cd raro
j a:ux na agruznucrpaqujara.
Tpe6a ga ce r4Ma npeABr4A,qeKa Bo oeoj nepzoq MaKeAoHcKr4or Hapog e Bo cBorrre
erHlrqKu rpaH14uH eo Typcxara 14 vnepuja. xoja He HaJrara Hu BepcKa Hujarrvua qovruaqraja
u roja uy Ao3BoJryBa Ha MaKenoucKoro HaceJreHr.re penarrrBHa c,:ro6oga no ynorpe6ara Ha
ja:lmor u na pelurr.rjara. Cocequnre napogu ja :loynorpe6ynaar 3a cBor{ rleJrr4 oBaa
curya4uja r{ ro 3acr.rnyBaar cnojor unrepec no Mareqouuja.
tr{croepeueno, no oeoj neplrog ce o$opMyBa MaKeEoHcKoro rpafancxo olrrrrecrBo,
Koe LIHcLIcrr4pa na cnoja calrocrojnocr, npeg cd, Ha caMocroeH MaKeAoHcKr4 na3ap. Bo
ocrBapyBalr,ero Ha cBor4re uenl,l Bo rproenjara roa rprHyBa roKVy oll ja:rxor ll og
o6pasonauuero, npeKy lraManyBan e ua ynorpe6ara Ha coceAHrr re jarzqz, npeo Ha rpqKr.ror,
roj ce natrernyBan KaKo 3aeAHurrKu ja:lrx na rproelrjara, ua o6pa:onanvrero u Ha
npanocraenara 6orocly;x6a no Typcrara I4rranepnja, a floroa rr Ha cpncrraor ia na 6yrapcKr.ror.
Bo taroe on[recrBeH KoHTeKcr Bo npBara rronoBlrHa Ha XIX BeK crauyBa aKTyeJrHo
rrparrranero aa nuclrenuor jaanx no MaregoHuja. Toa e oco6eso aKTyenHo no ynorpe6ara
Ha [pBr4Te rreqareHrr l_lpKoBHocJroBeucKrr Kr{rrrrr og Pyc[ja, KaKo rr rro Henpu$a(arrero na
cocegnure ja:nqu raro jaslrqlr Ha olrrrrecrBeuara cpeqrrHa Bo MareqoHr{a.
3Ha,r re,'reH npr.rnoHec Bo palBpcKara Ha oBaa jaauuHa curyaunja [aBaar rrpBr{Te
MaKeAOHCKI4 IIItCaTeJrr{.
rIofJIE[r4TE 3A JA3]IKOT HA IIPBZTE
MAKEIOHCKUm4CNtF,Itl.4
flpeure MaKeAoHcKr,r nucareJrr{, Joaxuu Kpvoncxlr u Knpurr flejvnaonr.rri, ja
3aqBpcryBaar cBoj ara ylrora no o$opruynarrero na Br,rAor Ha rrr4cMeulror ja:r.rr no Maregonuja
lpeKy aBTopIrTeToT Ha rreqaTeHaTa KHrrra.
I4ueno, rveja npuQar?aar nja nponoDKyBaar BocraHoBeHara Mareqoucra rpagnquja
3a rrpemrxyBart e AaMacKrrHapcKa :rrareparypa, ja npe3eMaaT Bp3 ce6bcr4 yroraTa Ha AaMac-
Kr4Hapr4Te u ia :aqrpcryr'aar co Haner{areHrrre Kur.rru co Korr ce o6e:6eqyna rrrr,rpoK Kpyr
rI[TATCIU.
23
26. flpzroa, 3a pa3JrI,IKa oA rlperrl rryBaql4Te Ha paKorrl4cHvre AaMacKI4Hll og XVIII eex,
Kor4, rJraBHo, nr4lrryBaJle Ha oAAeJrHr{ MaKeloHcKrr roBopl4. tue ja npourupyBaar HaporHo-
jaauvnara ocnoBa Bo cBoI4Te nerrareHll KHI,Irr4, r,{uajfu.r ja npuroa npeqnzq norpe6ara Kulrrara
Aa ce [r4rrryBa Ha napogen jasr.rx lrro (e 6uge Aocraneu Ao IIom{poK Kpyr qlrrarenr.{.
Tara, npn rrr4lxyBarrero Ha HapoAeH jasux Kpvoncrr'r rra ynorpe6yBaJr ceBepo-
r4croqHl4Te MaKeAoHcKIr roBopll, no nHecyean ujaguqnu oco6euoctz cnojcrnenu :a aanaqH Te
MaKeAorrcKr{ roBopn. Hapognara ocHoBa, rraK, Ha jasn<o'r ua flejvnnonu( ce o$opMyBa Bp3
HeroBr{or poAeH TeroBcKIr roBop co 3HaqLITeJreH 6poj oco6enocrlr oA Apyrrrre MaKeAoHcKr4
foBopII.
Coja:uxor ua npBrlTe MaKeAoHcKIt fleqareHrr Knurr.r na Kpuoncxu u na [Iejuunonui
ce o6er6eqyna rrrfipoKa napognojarravna ocHoBa lra MaxeAoHcxltor nltcMerr ja:ux' ce
o6e:6eqyna coBpeMeHfior rlln Ha MaxeAoHcxtor jarux r,t ce orBopa rlaror 3a o{opuyname
Ha Mar(eAoHcKnor.rrureparypeu jasux.
Ka<o c;reg6eruql{ Ha AaMacKr4uaprrre, TIre ro 3agpxyBaar onuocor qpKoBrro-
c,roneucxujarur - napoqenjarux. flputoa, nacycure Ha qpKoBHocnoneucrn ja lux ce qltrarlr
oA qpKoBHvTe KI{r4rI4, 3HarIU, He Ce aBTOpCKrr TeKCT Ha rrpBI4Te MaKeAOHCKI4 IIICaTeJTI{, a
HapoAurror jasm ce ynorpe6yna Bo Hr{BHIrre o6jacryrana 14 KoMeHTapfi raxo ja:ur na
Hr4BHr{Te aBTopcKr{ TeKcrou.r. Taxa, qpxoBuocnoBeHcKl4or jasur ja npeaeua Symqnjara na
Br,rcoK crl4Jr, a napogulror jasr,rK Ha HIr3oK crl4Jr Ha v3pa3yBarr'e.
flpu ynorpe6ara Ha MaKeAoHcKr.rot napoqen jarlrx, Kpuoncrn ra flejvltronu(, ocneu
napognoj a:u.rrure rBpa3Hr4 cpeAcrBa, Kopr{crene It rypUr,I3Mr{, rIo3HarI4 Bo HapoAHI4Te loBopl{,
ra co nlrn o6jacnyBare [ypr4 u aIIcrpaKTH]r noI'IMl4 H coApxI4HI'r oA xpncrnjancrara per,urnja.
tr4lreno, flofoJreM AeJr oA IIpKoBHocJIoBeHcKara rpaMarlrKa rr JreKcI'IKa eefe He urvr 6ule
lo3HaTr4 Ha MaKeloHcKI,ITe rlr.rrarelu, na ce jauynana norpe6a rlre qa ce o6jaclrar co a6oponu
uno 6r,rne no axrtt nua yrorpe6a uefy rraaregoncrr.rre pogenu :6opynavra. Taxa, no Aenara Ha
Kpuorcxu u ua flejvr.rnoera( ce nocraByBa rrapanera rraefy sa6opanenara onurrocJloBeHcKa
JIeKCLTKa r,r aKTyeJrHara 6alragcra nexcura. Osaa napaJleJla ie noclyxn 3a noBTopHo
BKIyrryBaI6e Ha CTapII MaKeAoHCKLt :6Oponlr BO peqHIlKoT Ha COBpeMeHI4OT MaKeAOHCKI{
jasur. Co roa ce orBopa npoqecor Ha r.r3AlrrHyBarbe Ha MaKeAoHcKuo'r ja:ur Ha paHr Ha
Jrr.rreparypeu jaar.rr napa:reluo co npoqeclrre Ha craHAapArr3aqlrja ua qpyrure croBeI{cKI4
nnreparypnn ja:uqlt.
,[enoto ua Kpvoncrlt r,r flejulrrrogzti urr.la:ro cBov [pI4Bp3aHl4qn uefy rnraxeqoncrure
rrr.{TareJrr{, KaKo r4 cBot4 a@uplraropv u cneA6entlqu.
Tara, Teoqocuj Clar'autcru no flpegroropor Ha KHI,Irara Yuteweuue ZpeuHu-+t Ha
Kr.rpun flejvuuonnri qara :uauajna aQupltaqraja na norJleAr{Te rr Ha craBoBr'rre 3a ynorpe6ara
Ha MaKeAoHcKr.ror uapogen jasr.rx xaro jasnx Ha Jltrreparypara I'I 3a HeroBoro 3Harrelse 3a
KyJrTypHoro [pocBeryBalse Ha MaKeAOHCKI'IOT HapOA.
24
27. Y,lorara Ha Teo4ctcuj Cnnaurcrn Bo NfaKe[oHc]<oro KlJT)'pHo n fipocBerHo rr3,qr.ri.r{v-
eaH'e oco6eHt) loafa Ao lr3pa3 npeKy oTBopuuseTo Hrr pBaTa Mar{elloHcKa neLl:].{ }illr(a Bo
Colyu, najaxruBH14or i,raKeqoHcKt{ KynrvpeH qeHTap Bo roa Bpetre.
-lbj cc:a:r:rla:r';a
n('laTerr'e npirKTrl'rHIr TcKCt I rB Ha pa rdup,rus ja rll.
Bo ne.rarnuqara na CuHalrrcxr. ocBeH KHr{rara ua Krlpr.r:r llejunHonu(. ,r3.[ervBititr
oA rreqar yurrc HeKonKy KHr{fr't Ha MxKc[o]rcKr4 ja:ux. og Kor.r eAHu lfirraar ocoSelro 3Harrer$e
:Ja ocaNroc'f oJ yBar;eTo Ha
NtilxcAoHcKI,Iol' IIa3ap, a
[pyf Ir 3a Ma KeIoHcKoTO
o6par:oeanne. Bnpouelr,
uaj n:rycrparneeH npr.{Mep
Ha riarox614r'e 3il orBopalLe
yrlll/'rl{lxTa Ha MaKeIoHcKr.r
jazux e TnStu4a ue paa.ja og
IIpBnOT yrrr.{Ter'l Ha N4aKe-
goHcxu ja:r.rx JopgaH Xagr.r
KoucrasrnHoe-IJnHor, o6-
janeHa rorr'ry BO rrpBara
Nf aKeAoHcKil IIcTIaTHnI{il Bo
Co,ryH eo I E4 I roguHa.
CnopeJl ja:;uror sa Ta6-
au4a uepeujn jacuo ce :a-
5e:rexvea qera IJllHol ra-
ro ia:ur Ha o6pa3oBaHrero
ro yrrorpe6vear NtaKeAoH-
cruor ja:ux.
tr{:lqtrrHl'aaj(lr rcr
MaKeAoHcKtror ja:nr xaro
ja:ux ua o6pa:oaanuero,
Iniror ce 3aJrafaJI N,raKe-
,qoHcKrror ja:ur ga ro qoc-
TUrHe paMHr{rrrTeTo Ha rro-
pa3BI{eHLtTe CJ.tOBeHCKII II C-
uenn jasuqu oA Toa BpeMe.
,
'ry.'!-o - gin'
. ff'f;uttiirmr'"; -
*-*;*3'#w
n3rircr
.j-c
#
#
-4?
&
s
(Doi octLtt,ura od nopullou!l ]ut ,,yuaulettue,pctLIH!.t,r '
')(
28. Fu€
.rt
nomoftH
^ofy*
gS*nuz e: c: Hr 3ls,r-
Bl'rtr, a grq,nin ropsAylt tflo aATz
rrrinw no3rxrnHu rixw KMi'rHHt.t
'
s(63. ,run BtAt'rz. xrrixa e
A ro
'rrnAmo 'te ltr rrrosar3'34 EH:rorye,
'rinw nnn { *n ,yo crru c, cosgi,t t sx{nz
6a x6imo r $A utNtclMo oBtxz NA A-
,nn-"'r'rn,i Htr nAuJA ,r'A r AA rvr8 inm rr1
fHc.rMA fib''rixz g,"" 4i l-o *tni-'rn-
A1o.,
+A ?i,mr,u.. gpl,'ri 'rori II6nn ixw
{ no6.rnixw co riSda 'ra, nixz 698riri
x,lr/'rz se,ri'rz 3a ,qpb'ro"'rorci llong
t,
treAHT3 r KAKOBU rAoEAfS €ilrb H |rolt
Ilinr nnHi.rg qrmiT z ,ui;Eun ro 'ri-
Murr 6r,ii fl,inz c€ 3asArATz., intr
ttt.'
f,Agc nonri,rur 3tMAtrx €jvrz gtl'I',e
nrr*t rrxiT x 3 n,igl, co ri6r'xu i
$gfrio'rz II6nz co
"Sp$Y
cn 3tni'r,z'
rAK^T8 AKW MY HT NAAlrHIUb
'
KOH
li** ,r^,i*r x.ii 6gsroiYr, ic^Hfu-
AAMz'
}r
26
(bonoarLnt;u Ha c ipouurg tu ,,Oi.nadnto"
30. kwduutada4u
1. flpoquraj ro cJreAHr{oB rr3BaloK oA KaruManosata rpaMora, no xoja nuuryea:a
concrBcHocra ua 3orparfcrr.ror MaHacrt4p u roveurnpcj ro jarrxor sa xoi c HanuruaHa:
rd<b noMHTAHX [rNo|G) lr.Acro AATH MOEL-l0y MONACT]|pOy, Nh OyEOhrX rE OT KAt€'f t3d,
<,rNo cllruE np'tsx<A€ oyrrdB'llNo H <dnp'BT,ANo or ct'6oPb (rr cBEltlrENNHbl ndrPl4pxhl l-l (,)r
6^drov€cTHrjbrH rldpH, Nb AdAox Hr, NdAB0pb ll€cTo, GAHKG) sorh H<SOAH.
(rpancxpnnqlrja: jac nouucrnx rrHoro Mecro Aarlr MoeMoy MoHacrrrpy, no y6ojax ce
or KJrerBa, gauo 6erue npe>Kge ycraBeHo rr 3anpereuo or co6op or cBerrrreHrr rrarpajapxu u
or 6raro.recrunu qapu, Iro AaAox uM HaABop Mecro, eJII4Ko 6or lrsno;ru)
aano - 1udejtiu, pende - uopaHo, yculaoeHo LI 3aupeu-L'Ho - stt6pouetuo, enuxo
K0Jt K.V, tJBOJl!l- dOJSO"',l tt
Cnopegu ja QopMara Id<b co crapocnoBeHcrata (2oprla a4b I'I co coBpeMeHara $oprr,Ia
jac.
Cnopegn rlt {roprllrre uonic"cttx u dadox co cooABerHrr conpeuenu cfopr'ru.
2. KonreHrr.rpaj ro cJreAHLroB lI3BaAoK on Kaluuanonara rpaMora 3a I'Ic'l'opr{ara Ha
MllKCtrOHCr()lOT HapOE:
i nose ,r'b; a4r' orpdAHT t.,t€c-ro tr,rrtNoBd tE,,tHt'-,toBd p axa (u uoaenex ns olpodutu 'nectuo
.loat-ro,str Centt,uoect Pexa - u uapedtta joc da ce olpudu necluotuo Joauo,:o Ce"utuotlu Perca).
IIIro l,ntclltur, 3orxro eAHo rrcro N{ecro ce BrrKa.llo I,l Joanoea It CeruN'rosa Pera?
l(ovcHr nplj ro roa o! acncKr Hr Lrcropttjara Ha MaKeloHcKtlor Hlpoql ( [lo4otu: npo'ruraj
fo B'fopuor Aen oA cneAnaTa :aqaua.)
3. flpeuosnaj ro o6e:ny'rynau'ero Ha 3ByqHIITe corJracKu na xpajor ua :6opor ao
npnrvrepure og TpecKaBeqKI{oT KoArlK:
Ge,ro rann.raHn qHBAHKB HcMAHA's EGK'L nhca wqa taur9na no,u
nca ,r,rnnou's IIHHHK x<Hfo q lApAaHe HA qena'l"h na r8r,auo
Kaxo cc BnKaJI TarKoro Ha hcvrtl,r-5cr? lllro ceeloq oeoj npr'rvcp:a ncropnjara
Ha MaKeIIOHCKnOT UapOg?
4. O6ju."" ja uruclara ua lartacruu Cryqnr: Hepna6pawtotu a6op od unpodottt
upLrneztt Ho 3tua.LdlueH uaeop od rcoi uurcoi ue notrce da ce uaiuc.
5. llpeno:naj rI4 clrHoHrrMure Bo cneAHIroB npuMop oA MaKeroHcKllor flarrlacxuu:
(^)r ro[]ErxrEE shrBdET rroyAEN0, (nr croyAENo ron o .
28
31. 6' Cn"q"""":6oponn ce cpe(anaar Bo MaKeAoHcKr4or AaMacKrrH; rne ir npunaiaar
Ha 3aeAHl4qKara 6a:rraucra neKcrrKa, na ce' KapaKTepucruqHu :a cltte 6a,rraHcrlr ja:nqlr,
6e:pas:ru.ruo Ha Hr.TBHoro noreKJro: dptaru, cu,repHa,6y6ai, durce"c, caunp, caudanu, Qtypxtt,
Qytua, rpyctuau. O6r.rgu ce ga ro nporonKyBarx HrrBHoro 3Haqen,e lr ynorpe6a!
7. Cnop"g" ro jaalrxor Ha rrocraprrre s6opruqz co pa3nr4r{Ha coApxr4Ha co jaruror
Ha AaMacKIrH14?e:
BbnporHxb xE npoAauttx-raro X^tsht yIoBtyE KoyAt Ecrb noy-rb Nd HopAdNb.
(Tlr<neumu :6opnux)
T4r.ro BbnpocHIb EAHNoro v^ostxa: KoH noy-rb XoAHTb Na HopAdNb. (Kpunncrlr
gauacrzn)
(ssnpocH;s - npaurae, noyrs - nar)
8. KoueHurpaj ro oguocor rr.reiy qpKoBHocnoBeHcKrlor 14 HapoAHr{or jasur no npulrepu
oA AaMacKr.rHr,r oA Kpajor Ha XVIII BeK:
6EUr€ NE<o€ l.,or.rvE oT ro^oyNd fp4Ad, HMENEM NCCTOpb .
oy NEROE BpEMrd ROr4 6H^'b qdpb AHG)KIHTHA,N'b oy pHr.l'b. ('N 6HAA NEBEpNHKb, [rNOl-Oy
N4
XpHcr-,ANH AocdAoyd^'r, , rH BEpr€lR KEAE NErod ee pa . (Ter:orcrr,r qarraacrzu, rpaj na XVIII
eex)
9' Oconper,ren" rrr cneAHr,rBe npr4Mepr4 oq Kpirrucxnor qaMacKrrH:
.tra xe o9e'tcru u8nq,a rcoa .tTo 'r'Bop?rr6, A€cHHqa 'rBoa.
A.les r4ap8 €c norqiosxs. Iaro rln ec qaps e.uc't;1 getpen
d.rure nn KTo He KpcrHT c€, Hc cnace.r c€
.flolrou: oVstcrs - ao3Hae. TBopHTh - npaBu. noAoscNb - cJrhqeH.Aulre - aKo.
' 10. Bo fipr.rMepor ,il,a xannranm c€ wr 4dpcKne rpdn€qbr, Jla HAcHTH.r.r ca cB
Ll,apcKhrmn nHttlTan H s6oponure nannranl{ u Hdcn'rua,t rnr.raar racro:ttaqerbe, a rr3pa3or wr
qApcKHc rp4n€qa oAroBapa Ha c'r qapcK6tMH rrHrrr'ra^ H. (36oporure Hannranru (ranxrarr.r)
rr nHttlTA.uH (nnurra) I4Maar rrcra ocHoBa KaKo I4 coBpeMeHr4Te 36opoBr4 uuuta 6anu.{ra v
uuja"narc).llpernlrxyBarror, Bcylxuocr, [Banarr,r noBTopr4Jr r4cr r.rcKas. Oconpervrenu ro co cBor.r
s6opoeu!
11'O6jacuu ja ynorpe6ara Ha AaMacKr4nor KaKo peqHr,rK oA rlpr(oBHocJroBencKr{ Ha
napogenjasur npeKy flprrMepor: t4por-rb Errb rop€ulrHNd oKoAo c ppqa Qapoctu - lopetuutuna
oKony cpLtet o).36opor japocut r,rMaJr ancrpaKTHo 3Haqer6e. O6ugu ce ga ro o6jacnr.rur co
cror.r s6opoez!
29
32. 12. O6jacun ro noyrrHuor KapaKTep Ha AaNIacKLtH Te npeKy cnellHlloB npllN'lep:
orpoyE NHr<orAd T.ariHrrb NE H[-,rdrb . dur-l'€ tihtEtlll l AENcch 4dy'I'l)d 'rE l
l l;Aoy€Tl'
(orpove - Aere, durr€ aKo, ribrrH - 6ue, reua, rlli^otid'rtl - 6axHysa).
13. flpeno:Haj rL{ HeonxoAHnre qpKoBHocnoBe}In3N'lI{ Bo cneIIHlIoB llprlN'lep oA eIe}I
AilMrcK14H Hir MaKCqOHCKl,f HapOpCU jarrrr:
Heioaaruo uuuxT Lumo u-naqeurc LLactcutc, o trrH( MILL, c"leau ceZa tto ttda dtt tts6tttsttttt
upoccdHuute Doyttttt, tt 60 npcnutt d!.'tt li {)(KpctHct!t K L'!, tttt o -ntt! KLDfl'vBntt!t .t!tt07r)y
uotuu... (Bp><paH cKrr AaMacKI{H)
Hacnporrl gujareKTHara $opua noru (oq uuja.rr<lIor ronop) naneguja cooABerHara
nureparypHa q)opMa.
14. llorceru ce oq lrcropujara ua 6a:rrancxure HapoArI: Kolr 6anKaHcKI{ HapoAlI npBo
ce ocJro6oArrJre og Typcrara I4llnepuja? Halpaun cnopeq6a co xcroplrcKllre oKoJlllocr Bo
Korr co Haoia Ma<cqonr,rja Bo npBara noJroBLIHa na XIX eex. Kou ge,rollr oll EanKaHcKuor
lloryocrpoe cd yure ce Bo paMK Te na Typcxara tr4unepnja lo cpeAnHara sa XIX nex?
15. O6uAu ce Aa ro o6jacHlnu 3Haqel6ero Ha rloABJrealeHrrre 36opoBu (Typqnsutl) no
cJleAHrrBe npr{N,repu oA JoaKuM Kp.toscru q 3aMeHI'I rn co :60pon1I co 1'1c'fo 3Halle]be oll
MaKeAOHcKuOT cTaHIapAeH ja3LIK:
3aluoaa cue cuute xpLLcmuaHu donsttuu dn carcaue. aLrLLtmo HaLtIa JEttacttu tttt uu ne6o.
Tauo ke da cLte xueu rso ae.muja u 6esrcouewtttjtt aercu, a oade c'ue cyplyn.
tr4 ceZa u"ua dtse ute,ta na ue6o, Xpttcutoc tt upecajatuuja BolopodLttqtr.'ftrc ce ua cuae
xpl.LcruLlaHu yp eK.
Tue uun1tr u moao aLLHo LLLLuo cue Lllt.ne 66 xecau, LuLLe ceto ke dn ce y'tttuatu c)ct atL
zopnut u ny.nuL
BepyeattLe 6ea ruy6e sauttuo He e cKpLrLuHo rtu y1odutLrca Eotnuju caiauruTo Bacutttriu
aapadu no juuutn dytua.
A uxo ctrotttt',uottnt pyKIt do ztt uoctttut xt ruuattt,l, o uttc outtt"t t'tttt" tI 7tl PyKltt!t(
LL Hocelue tu.
Mucau-n tutuo da yuuutq da ce rcypi y'urca oru utoi u"ten.
Y uectuo aoaouo Hapua, ruauo rue'!t BeJlttKl p(Ku, - y tuoca ceno 6un edeu'rc"toaerc
6oZaut, uuaa nuoZy uatveftapu, tL uuan edeu upoiLrH, .44Hozy speue uy paSottttt"t, u zttTttt"tytsu'n
iocuodnpo.
14 doj)r'c"Lt(pn, KoKo alrcna . pItKoIItc (tu1ttttrtrto,
O c,uepme, crupaulHuLr tuaou xttnaruu!
O cuepule, u cmapu u MnodLL ce,rcLu, dpo6ttut, xuv ue trcn"tuut!
30
33. 16. flpenos'aj ja lr roueirrlrpaj ja ynorpe6ara u Ha rypqrr3Mr4 r.r Ha onrxrocnoBe'cKrr
:6oponu no r{crr{ nprrMepn og Joaxlru Kpvorcru:
Uuto utauo eudex u cLtyuax, o qedo fpuZopue, ue e rca6uLt da ruu ucrcaxan edno uo
eduo, u ue e eo3wo)tHo da ce ucrcauce.
Cua1a rcoja cedu ua uucutuj eoadyx, ua xy6a6a xaaa, uoadpaea 6uea.
!ee xu"cjadu eojuutqu, cejneuu, uyea"tu Xpucuta rcola 6un y Zpo6 aarcouan.
M trxnu"t io 5 etr d aaa dy uuauu, cu.peu dj oe o
"t
u.
llnduan y saeucut, Darc cu uoduiua"t cpt4euto ua Topdocut, ua rltody"t,tyrc, ua cuxa,,t da
6ude Eoz.
17. O6uln ce Bo cnegHr.rBe npuMepn qa ja npeno:Haeu napaneJrHara ynorpeoa Ha
IIpKoBHOCJTOBeHCKLI I4Ila MaKeAOHCKTT rpaMarur{Kl4 Qoplrn rE s6oponz co Itcro 3Haqerse Bo
I{cTa perreHIIqa:
Bepyjyu4 aua ne suajaut y KoZo sepyeaut.
Irolnedaj coc o'tutue rau 3nwruo upedcruojaul 6esqeut, 6ea6poj, opxaHte"xu coc zo",LeM
cnpnx u yJ{ac.
IloT"tedaj ua decuo u Ha,leao deru 5eaaeru, nnoiy ue,coee4u zpeuHuu u ipaeeduuu
arrojatu coc cu-tpax JloJlqnw.
O uydo! O aydece!
Jn cau tue coJooJt. jaJe cau ute co[ueopua.
O do6pouta dyruu! O lo"ceua i)o6puua na dyuaruo necxasanuaja, uruo ue uone da
ce ucrcaltce! .
Cercu Henoeerc rcoj e 6otatu, oH e "Ma,4eHoK Ha dyxoauuj eoapacru, 6oj.
18. Kouenrzpaj ja napanennara ynorpe6a Ha rlpKoBuocJroBeHcKr4or jazux u wa
napogauor ja:uK Bo cJre[Hr.rBe [pr4Mepr4 oA Kpvoncru:
I'ltre 6o xoututeut dywy c6ojy cuacruu uozy6uut jy. Tonrcoeauue- Toea e; rcoj wtae da
cu dptnu utyaa dywarua ua paxatu, ou te dn ja uoZy6u y eeqHa,lyrca.
,,Kopeu ecen s",tuu cpe6pomy6ue ecru, u,toa fte peHeut, - Ha csuute
"xouloutue KopeHout
My e mauax, HeHacuruKa, oru Hero da us6aauru uac Xpttctuoc Eol, auuu.
19. Cnope4lr ro reKcror ua K. flejvuuonn( co rercr na reroBcKrr foBop:
A uue u upa'HuKout ruruo I, cr,Lyxcu.r4e eduaut y Zoduuarun, u Hero trcupucluojHo Zo
cJ'ry)tLt.Me, a ue uo60tttuo, 6nu ua deuoru eapduue da ce ouueuo, da crcarcano, da a6ecye.uo.
(flejunuonuri)
Eta. dojdu, uue ke we JeMeJio. e-^4a He,4,ta o aeu. anptmo ,.teurcrt. tie uoqexaut, ke
uoqeKaru da za ceapuuo ueurcauta u fte u.tu iiadeuo (conpetreH 3a[r{c Ha reroncxu roeop).
3l
34. Kolr oco6enocrrr Ha reroBcKl{or roBop ce cpefanaar no ja:uxor Ha flejqllHoBrl(?
Haneglr rr cooqeernure $opuu oA nrrreparypHl{or jaalm. Koja oq nrzn ce cpe(ana no jaarnxor
na flejv ra uosat?
2g. l4synoj ru qpKoBHocJroBeHlr3Mrrre oA cJregHune cruxoeu oq Hagrpo6nuor narnuc
na K. flej.rlrnonuf< n o6uyu ce Aa ro onpeAeJrlru Hr{BHoro 3ga'{erbe:
Teap4e ny ueToeo poxdeuue
Ilpeuucu.ta u Xu'taudap uocw.pu{eHue
"Ietuorc uy e Hezoo aocuunoHue.
[f od u"toqaea HcToo uo.tusoHue.
3a qa ro llpercraBll cnojor >xunoren nar, Ilej'ruuonlr( ynorpe6yna qpKoBHocJro-
BeHr4 3Mrr. 3ourto'?
Z:gnoj ro qpKoBHocJIoBeHr43Mor Irrro ce ynorpe6yna II AeHec Bo MaKeAoHcKnor
crauqapgen jasur. Cnopegz ro sHarleH,ero co Koe e ynorpe6eu no Harrrrcor co coBpeMeuoro
3HaqeII'e.
O6jacnz ro ognocor rrefy Qopuure neioo u ueTodo KaKo oAHoc lrefy uaggujanexrua
i.r glrj anertra Sopua.
Cnopegu ro ja:uro'r co xoj llejuuttosu( LIN{ ce o6pa(a na c"'IegHrrre reHepaqrrr{ co
ja:lrror Ha xoj orreKyBa rue ga s6opyraar:
Monuru aac, 6pafta uezou my6uuuja,
Xo utj aruuuj a up ouutuautu cui a,
,Qa peverue: BoZ da 6u 7o uqocmthl,
3epe y 7po6 t4peutue 7u Toctuun.
Konenrnpaj ja ry:nypnara Syxxquja na ja:uror na Hagrpo6uraor Harnuc na flej-
.{r,rgoenll.
21. Bo clegirnon u:ragon oq flpeAroBopor KoH Yuteuteuue lperuuuu,T. Cunaurcru,
cottcrBeHl{Kor Ha fipBara MaKeAoHcKa rlerlarHrrr{a, nurxyBa 3a ynorara na napopnlo't jaalrr
Bo Jrrrreparypara. Korrenrtlpaj rI,I HeroBrror norJIeA t{ HeroBl4or craB 3a ynorpe6ara na
napognnor jasux.
Eee rcmyu.q.ruo omlopyem cepd4euto 6alae, He K"'t'y'l out 3"1amo u"'tu cpe6po, uo
rcayu od treneao u qur'IuK, ,[u.to da ue ce suu; oruu cpe6potuo u snautowo ecut
'veKo
u ce aLLe
cKopo. Ho NeJr oiuo co ttunuK He ce aue. Kota da e eclu outaopout, (upeq ofuKJby+out on
a,4aruo u"lu otu cpe6po, rua da ue uotte Kos,rezoru, ctLpeu cepd4euto uoe, da outeopu, uuto
Mu ecu,t ruaKol otueop (rcmyv)? Herca ecut od uu,4ltK u )teJ'Le3o, rua da otuaopu Kos'Lezoru, wa
da ne ecu,t ota cpe6po u 3,lauto tt da ne uolre da outsopu cepd4euto Ha upocluuow He"IoeeK.
32
35. 22. Cnopegu ro rcnyuotu od anauto u cpe1po:a roj a6opyna Clrsalrrcrra co 3aue-
qawenuoltt usaop za xoj 36opyBa flauacrun Crynur (eugu npanan e 6poj 4).
23. Korraelrrrpaj ro 3uaqerrero Ha MaKeAoHcKara nevarnraqa na TeoAocr.rj Cznanrcrtt
ro Conylr 3a rfi[perrero Ha KHr{rr4Te Ha MaKeAoHcKr4 uapogeH jaarar.
24. O6jacnu ro craeor na l.hauor sa noce6es rr.raxegoucxra ja:rx no nacraeara. Cuo-
pegr'r ro jasrEror na Ta6nr-rqa nepnaja na fluuor co cooABerHr,ror reKcr Ha cpnc<lr jasi.rx na
flocurej O6pagoera(:
Utntor: Out 6o7a 6oj ce, otu uajzoneu 4ap u focuodap u Cyduja
O6pa4owr(: Bola 6oj ce, rcao uajeehela 4apa u locuodapa, u cydujy.
25. Korueur'paj ro ucra;rynarre:ro Ha K. flejvnnonur( 3a HeroBoro o6pasoeauue:
He yuuxo"u Bo HuKoe utKoJto, Hu ua pacutexo"v eo nircuja uanau.tu uawezo jaaurca utt
so uanaruu uyttcduja eepu.
O6jacurE ja roprcra oA HacraBara na ryf jasra< cnopeA r4cKaxynanara na fplrrop
flpnraven go nerogara Aaruo6uoipaQuja:
Cercoj uac ce cocnoeue od decemuHa t1opoau xou nu y Hue (y.reHuquu.te), Huwy
tuoi (yautne"tou't) .uotcerue da uu zu o6jacuu Ha Hautuout najvuu jaaurc. Moxeute da cu
3aMucnume rcarcea 6etue Kopucuta od tuarceutue yuuute"tu. IrI Denec it ce uydau ua caojau,ta
u'tpue"xu6ocm ruwo dottru ioduuu cyu to lioceutyea"n yuunurutuetuo 6ea da pas6upaJw pequcu
uuututo.
Iloutlucora Ha Kupu,t IIejvunoeuft
-t-t
36. MOP(DOJIOTMJA
flenor og nayrara aa jaszxor urro ru [poyrryBa $opr'.rure na s6opoBr4Te, npaBr.rnara
3a HI{BHoro rpalerre I{ HIrBHrdre rpaMarl{rrKu 3Haqeu,a ce HapeKyBa moptfrororuja. Toa e
cJro)KeH 36op oA rprrKo noreKro. Koj Mox<eMe na ro [peBeAeMe KaKo HayKa 3a OopMlrTe.
Oraa nayra ce r,{HTepecupa aa rpag6ara (crpyxrypara) Ha 36opoBrrre, KaKo rr 3a Hr.rBHr.rre
onmrrr, ancrpaKTHrr (rpaMarr{qKr4) 3raqerr,a cnopeA Korr ce o6eqlrnyeaar Bo rpynr4. Co
oqAenHoro, KoHKperHoro 3Harrerre Ha eAeH 36op ce 3aHuMaBa reKcrrKoJrorujara 3o recna
BpcKa co Mop+oJrornjaTa I4 JreKcuronorujara e :6opoo6pa:r'uarberoXoe Bo [oHoBo BpeMe
craHyBa oAAeJrHa HayKa. 3aAarra Ha oBaa Arrcq[[Jrrrua e Aa ro lpoyrryBa r,r3Be[yBa]iero Ha
36opoBr4Te.
Mop$ocun'raxcaTaFaK, ce 3aHI4MaBa co ynorpe6ara na :6opoutre Bo peqeHI4IIara.
TIOITM 3AMOPOEMA, BI4,UOBI4 MOPOEMII
36opor e u:rpageH o[ HeKoJrKy pa3Jrr qHr.r eJreMenru. Hexolr og HrrB rrMaar 3Haqerle, a
HeKor{ EeMaar. [a ro lmyc'rpupaMe oBa Ha rrpr4Mepor co 36opor fiuenap. Hero uo)KeMe Aa
fo pacqJreHr{Me Ha cJreAHr.rBe Tpr.r Haqr4Hr,{:
a) u+.t+ e+ n+ a+p (Hr3a oA rJracoBr4/SoHeMrr),
6) uue + "tap (uusa oq c:roroez) ra
B) uqe"x + ap (Hv3a oA 3HarreucKu AeroBr.r HaperreHr,r Mop$eMr4).
Bo npnlror ra no nropr.ror cJryqaj ce Ao6r,rBaar gJreMeHTr4 6e3 3uaqene, AoAeKa Bo rperr,ror
cnyqaj Ha [eJ]oBr4Te MoxeMe [a xM npr4rn4ttteMe 3HaqeH,e. n noxpaj H[BHara Hecal,,rocrojua
ynorpe6a (Bo perrurrKor Ha MaKeAoHcKr4or ja3uK He ce 3acrarrenr4 xaro s6oponu rTqeJtv ap).
Bo o6ltror fiven ro [peno3HaBaMe ocuoBHr{or 36op
"g"xa,
a ap, Koe ce cpettana xaxo
cocTaBeH AeJr Ha MHofy 36opoBt4. Hajqecro o3HaqyBa nr4rle oA MarxKr4 rroJr Koe Bprrrrr HeKaKBa
AetHoc'r Q)u6dp, suAap, nes,ap).
34
37. ,[e:rouEr:e na a6opor ruro ce 6es 3HaqeH'e (uaconnre/eoneMr{Te rr croronure) rz
lpoyrryBa {oneruxara/{ononorlrjara a AeJroBr.rre co 3Harrerre (rraop$elo.rre) ce [peAMer
Ha npoyrryBae e H2 ruopQororujar4
Hajuarure 3HaqeHcKr4 eArrHr4r{r,r oA Kor,r ce cocror.r eqeu :6op ce Br.rKaar uopSeult go
genor aa $onerrrKara ce peqe Ae<a $ouelrzre ce najlraru jasravurE egr.rulrqr.r 6es concrBeHo
3Haqet5e.
Hexon a6oponn colp>Kar car{o eAHa rr.rop$eua, a HeKor4 r4Maar nBe unu nose(e. Ha
np.: r6opor snd ce cocro[ caMo oA egua uopSeua, a no s6opowrre sud-otu, sud-oau., sud-
oau-tue, sud-ap, sud-ap-cutao, sud-a, ce I43AeJryBaar noee(e gHa.reHcKr4 AeJIOBT{ rrITO Ce
o6egrauynaar ra na eAeH r,rJrrr Ha Apyr Harrr4H ro cosganaar s6opor t4Jrr.{ HeroBara eopva.
Bo ropenanegenvBe npr4Mepr4 Moxe [a ce sa6e:rexn gera ce noBTopyBa eAeH ,rcr Aen
sud. Ee: nero qpyrr{Te AeJIoBr{ He lro;rar ga o6paayraar: s6op rrro rie 14Nla neraxso 3Harrer6e.
Toj ocuonen 14 3aAoJr)Kr4TeJreH Aen rrrro ce janyna raj care rrcroKopeHcKrr s6oponlr ce nuxa
orIIrrr Aer(KopeH, ropencra uopQeua). Bo uero no uajonilr nug ce coApxr4 3Har{eriero rxro
fI4 rroBp3yBa cpoguzre s6oponr.r. Onoj gen e uocr.rreJr Ha ocHoBHoro (nercra.rro) :HarreBe rra
a6opor. Omlrzor AeJr vJrr4 Kopeno'r e ja4po na :6opor rou Koe ce npr4qpyxyBaar Apyrr{Te
cocraBHr4 AenoBr. 3aroa s6opor lroxe ga 6nge cBe[eH caMo Ha Kopeucra rvropQeMa, Ho rre rr
Ha AoAaAeHara( a{uxcnarq cflopeA JrarlrrrcKuor s6op affixus _ gogageu). Cnopeqlr rn, ua
lpr{Mep, sud u uatlt co sud-ap v uara-HuK- AQurcuzre ruop$eturz -ap a -nut He Moxar Aa
crojar car'rra. Hacnporz [orHo3HarrHure, cnyx6enzre :6oponz ce jaeynaar xa<o KopeHcKr.r
KoH Hr{B He ce AoAaBaar Apyria lrop@errru; Tr,re ce eAHoMopeelrcxr.r: arco, 6ea, dypu, co.
Aro ja cnopeqr.rlre ur.r:ara o4 :6opoensud, suda, sudap, suduwrue co ttu.jata sud, sudoeu,
sudout, sudoe, sudoaurae n cn. (cr.rre npor{3Jre3eHr.r oA eAeH 3aeAHr4rrKn 360p), Mox<eMe Aa
sa6ere)Kr.rr4e AeKa Bo rrpBara Hrr3a HeKopeHcKrrre rvrop$euu cnyxar 3a rr3BeAyBarbe HoBrr
s6oponu co HoBo 3Harrelse Bo oAHoc ua t6opor szd, a Bo tsTopara HIr3a oBr4e eJIeMeHTI4 He
o6pa:ynaar nonr,r s6oponu, ryxy ja ueuyraar carr.ro $opuar:a Ha ocHoBHrlor :6op sad.
flpoara rpyna
^aop$euz
gs r6opoo6pa3yBaqKr(r,r3BeA6enra), a oHr4e oA BTopara ce
{opn.roo6paryeaqKu Bo npBara rpyna norpaj -a. -op, -ululue.ce BKryqyBaar w -uux, -ute"t.
-tte, -uqa, -cu.tao, -4uja, -4e, -e4uyp.B;: BTopara rpyna c e javynaat -u, -a, -olu, -06, _oH, _otu,
-je. -ja u pp.
loqaqeulrre rr.ropQeun (aQurcllre) cnopel Meororo, Bo onHoc Ha ocHoBHara
(ropencra) uop@eua, Moxar Aa 6rrqar rrpercraBKtr (npe$u<cr) u HacraBKr(cy{rurcu).
llpercranxara cror.r npeA KopeHor rrJrn [peA Apyra npercraBxa: pa6ou,tu - uspa6otutt,
douspajoruu. Hacraerata crorr rlo Kopeqor I{J]r4 3aA Apyra HacraBKa: cmo' - cmoJtocu,
cruonap, cLuo"xapcKu, cuto,napcrcuotu. flocrojar ABa BrrAa HacraBKr.r: Sopuoo6pa:ynauxry
r6opoo6paryna'rxq
Bo uayrara :a jaeuxor npnzre ce BrrKaar OreKcuBH(oA Snexcllja --npolleua) ulu
caMo HacraBKI{ a BToprrTe cy{uxc4
35
38. flpn onpeqe.nyearrero Ha rpaMarurrKure KapaKrepr.rcr[Ku Ha Heroj :6op ce xopncru
I{ TepMIIHoT 3aBprnOK Co nero ce osHaqyBa nocneAHI{oT IIJIII [ocJleAHure r:racOeu nO S6OpOt,
Ha npr{Mep: 6 so aa5, eBouune, cfrsopaDoctu Il cJr.3aBprroKor e Ba)KeH rroKa3aren, [peA
cd, 3a poAor Ha lrMeHKrrre. Taxa, axo eAHa r4MeHKa rlMa 3aBprnoK 4, ce BKJryqyBa. Hajqecro,
Bo rrMeHKr.rre oA )KeHcKr.r poA, aKo 3aBprxyBa Ha cornacra, naj.recro e co rpaMarrrrrKr.{ MarrrKrr
pon r4rH.
36opoo6pa:ynavrlrre vopSeurr, KaKo rr KopeHcKure, ce Hocr,rreJrn Ha JreKcuqKoro
3Har{eme, a yrraryBaar n Ha rpaMarur{Koro. Ha lprrMep! ap eo :6opor.sz;dap yxa;xyna na
HeKoro rrrro Bprxr{ o[pegeJreHa Aejnocr, eo c:ry.rajoe oHoj urro slrqa. Cnopeglr ylrre'. auuteKap,
6tt1auoruexap, ,vtopHap, uoru-uap, uyMap. tr4ero raxa, no onaa :6opoo6pa3yBaqKa Mop0eMa
(cyQirxc) lruaue lrnQopuaquja u 3a poAor (uauxn) lr:a 6pojor (egnuna). Oopuo-
o6pa:ynavxlrre l,ropQeltr ce cpencrBa 3a rrcKaxyBarle Ha rpaMaruqKr.rre 3Haqena:
orrpeAeJreHocra (sud-out),6pojor (sud-oaa), nperr.rero r;r Jrrrqero (suda-ne) uru.
3EOPOOOPMA
Bo ncxa:or eqeH :6op He nocrorr caMo Bo eAHa eAr{HcrBeHa $oplra, ryxy no none(e
Soprrrn co Kor{ ce npucrroco6yna xon qpyrrzre:6opoeu oKony Hero. PasruqHure $opuu no
Kor{ Mor<e ga ce janu egen s6op ce BrrKaar 36opo+opMg Tue ce Herosn KoHKperHrr
peaJrn3arlr.rrr Bo r{cKa3or, ua np., $opurlre: cHouom, cHouoa, cHotToH, cHouo6u, (gna) cuouu,
cuouje, cuouja, cHouoeLrtue, cHouolLrae, cHouosuHe ce s6opoQoprrru ua z6opot cuou.
Hajro:relr 6poj :6opoQopvu so Haruuor ja3uK 14Maar rJraroJrr{Te.
flonexoralr eqna r,ropQerr.ra, eo qonrlp co Apyrrr Mop$er'm, rro>re qa ce janu no gna lr:ru
noee(e nugoeu. Aro ru cnopegnre :6opo@opuure ira :6opor parca (parca - pa4e), raxo u
rr3BelyBarbara oguero Qtave, paueuv cn.),i<eeuA[Me AeKa Kopencxara uopQeuapar e1natrr
ce jaeyna KaKo paLl, a Apyrnar KaKo paLL.
Pa:rlr.rnlrre SopMLr Ha enHa Mop$eua ce nuxaar BaprrjaHrr.rlra rrcrara vopQerra. 3nawr
paLltr paH ce Bapujanru na uop$eMarapatc. Cnopegu yurre: -eeu/-oeueo rcnyaeett/rc"tyuoeu,
uomeatt/uottoeu.
Sadauu
1. Clegnlrre a6oponn rroqeJrri rr4 Ha cJroroBr{, a noroa z ua nropQer'.lu: aoda, parca,
paLreH, ,MopuLba, otHosu, pu6ap, yvuu,te"t, pa6otuuttrc, s6opyeau, meKtutu"1eL4, uomyenH'e.
Z. I431erv ro orrrrrr{or qe:r (ropenor) no:6oponnT e: etmap, ipaduute"x, zuruapucut,
u.Leop6a, cnyunulen, qucruotua, xepojcweo, ipejaa, 6ocutauqtuja, u"tadocut.
36
39. 3. Kou s6oponrr vMaar na rpajor $opuoo6pasynaqKrr, a Korr s6opoo6pasyravru
nop$enn: ruyr,tap, uytrapom, ury.Mapurue, uly apcutso, pudoeu, pudje, (dea) puda, pudoru,
p ud ecru, Krxy qallKa, Kny quH,a, rcny ve eu/rcnyuo eu?
4. l4sge.lu rra npercraBKrrre (npe@raxcz.re) ro s6oponure: copa6otunurc, upedioaop,
,tpadedo, ueupaeda, uodoQu4ep, 6ecrcpaj, y"ttupaaeyrc, uad1ucrcyu, upou.LusycnyZa, upuyteu,
upeaadoeo"ceu.
5. Kot4 oA HaBeAeHrrre s6oponr.r lruaar nonefe oA eAHa [percraBKa: paade"tu,
ucupovurua, uodaarcpuu, Apuuy Ka, uou.rKpe He, aatu cxpuea?
f. Koz s6oponu coqpxar r.r npe$urcuu lr cy$zxcruvopSe*ru.. 6ecrcyrtuurc, pa6outuux,
HaupcutoK, uoduopuu4a, 4eeieu4e. Helpenocut, upajoaur,ueycuex, ueuaptuue4?
7. On HaBeAeHure rnaronu o6pa:ynaj gpyrlr rnaroJrr4 co pa3Jrr{qHunperctaBKrl qurua,
pa6owu, 7"nedn. uuc"tu. ytu,6pou.
8. Ha6poj no ner r4MeHKr.r 14 r:raro:rn ur:o ja coApxar flpercraBKara pa3-.
9. O6jacnil ja pa3Jrr4Kara Bo 3Haareriero Ha rJraroJrcrure qeojrrl: rlp eeedyaa - upueedyaa,
upeuuuysa - upuuuuyea, upedade - upudade, upecututHe - upucuturHe, upepedu - upupedu.
10. OA HaseAenr.rre npr4gaBKr4 o6pasynaj rJraroJrr4 co npeSlrxc uttu co cy$uxc: cutap,
cna6, 4pu, Hucut, 3eneH.
ll, KaKo rnagr4 ocHoBuara $opua og s6opoQopuzre'. HoJeLue, ouu, xejoeu, uu,1utba,
yHeHu4u, tueautpu, Hurua6"Me, dojDetue, odejftu?
12. VI3Aerv rr4 HacraBKrrre co fpaMarr,rrtKo 3HarreBe: qysap, qysapu, Z"tedau, lnedaj,
lne daqo ut, a"aed aurca, I,tedau,e.
13. OA ocuosHara $opua ua s6opor aoia ua6poj rlr a6opo$opulrre.
3EOPOBHII fPyIIn U IPAMATI4TIKI,I KATEIOPIruI
t
Pe.rnuxor ua ceroj jaaur e cocraneH oA roJreM 6poj a6oponr.r. tr4 norpaj Toa ruro
ceKoj oA 36opoB[Te npercraByBa oAAenHa eAnHKa, cnopeA HeKorr cBorr KapaKTepr4cruKrl
s6oponlrre ce rroBp3yBaar r'.refy ce6e, QoprrlrEpajfui noMaJrr.r riJrrr [oroJreMr4 rp1uu. Bo'egen
c:ryvaj ce o6egr.rnynaar cfiopeA HeKoe floolrrrro, 3aeAHr4qKo 3HarreBe, Bo Apyr - cnope[
$opr'rara, Bo rper - cnopeg cny;r6ara ro perreHurlara r4TH.
36oponrte tpynr4paHr4 Bp3 ocHoBa Ha HeKoj onrrrr, 3aegurrqKrz nplrsuaK ce Br4Kaar
:6oponnu rpyIII{ IrJrIr xrnq[ Bo HayKara 3a ja3rrKor nocrojar none(e xlacrEQr,rKaqr4r.r Ha
s6opoelrre Bo rpynr4, a najvec'ro ce npr4MeHyBaar: 3gaqeHcKa (ceManTrirrKa), foplra.nna
lvopQoloura) SyHKq[oHarEa(cr4HTaKc14qKa) Kracrr+!4KaU ja
l.3naqencxara r.nacr,rSzxaquja ua s6oponure e rro3Hara yrxre oA aHTr.rqKrror ne-
pLIoA. Co rroMaJrlr [poMeHtr r{ Ao[oJIHyBarta raa I4 lel{ecKa Baxn Bo HayKara :a jarrarot. 3a
ocHoBa, oBaa rnacu$uxaquja ja nua nnarpeurHarar cMr.rcJroBHara, 3HaqelrcKara crpana Ha
37
l
40. 36opoBvre. 36oponure ce rtracuQuqlEpaar Bp3 ocnoBa Ha HrrBHrrre onrrrrt4 JreKcr4qKr.r r4
rparuarr,rr{Ku 3HaqeFba. Toa ce uajonurr norrMcKr.r r.rJrn xareroprjarHr 3Haqe}ba nprl Kor4 ce
3aHeMapyBa [oce6noro, coflcrBeuo :naverre na s6opot.
Cnopeg oroj upucran. Bo MaKeAoHcKr.ror jatr,rx ce r.rsAenyBaar eAlruaecer :6opornu
rpym (wracu): uLaeurcu, upudaercu, 6poeeu, saueurcu, ,,4atonu, tplutoau, upednoau, cspaHut4u,
HecruuvKu, useu4u u uoda,auu a6opoeu.
3a a6oponnara lpyfia u"i'teHKu 3aeAHI4rrKo e roa IrITo r.rMenyBaar rrolrM 3a )<I4Bo
cylxrecrBo, 3a npeAMer r4Jrri sa nojanz u gejcrna c$arenlr olpeAMereHo. floxpaj ourrnoro
JIeKCIIqKO 3Haqel6e OnpeAMeTeHOCT, T,IMeHKIITe I4MaaT LI OnrrrTr{ rpaMaTI,IrtKIt 3HarIeBa, a Bo
naurraor jasur roa ce poAor, 6pojor u oflpeAeJrenocra.
Ilpudaaxuu.te o6pasynaar noce6sa rpyla Bp3 ocHoBa Ha r4cKa{<yBarsero KapaKTe-
pt4cTvKa Ha HeKoro I4JII,I Ha HeIIITO.
3auenrcuute [percraByBaar oAAeJrHa :6oponna rpyrra cnopel Hr4BHoro cnojcreo sa
o3HarryBalr'e nrll 3a flocoqyBarr,e Jrr4rla, npequeru lrlu nojanz.
Co gsaqerrero na na6pojlzno roJu4qecrBo ce o[nrrKyBaar 6poeeutue.
Bps ocrona Ha rrpr{3HaKor upoqec (gejcrno/pa6ora lrnra cocroj6a) ce rr3gerryBaar
t"xaZo"xuu.te.
OcuosBoro 3Haqerle Ha upuaoauute e oKoJrHocr Bo roja ce npurra neroe gejcrno.
Ha uped,aosurue, ceplHu4uute v qectuuHrcurue He IlM ce npranulxyBaar HIrKaKBr4
JreKcrrrrKr4 3uaqerla. Co nrm ue Moxe Aa ce rr3pa3rr oAAeneH nolru, 6lrgejft.r He o3HaqyBaar
Herrrro rrrro [ocrol4 Bo peaJlHocra. 3aroa T
ue ce necalrocrojru, rroMorrrHlr s6oponr.r co xou
ce II3pa3yBaaT oAAenHr.r fpaMaTr{rrKr4 3Haqelsa.
Ilped"cosuute cJryx<ar 3a r43pa3yBarr,e pa3ruqHr4 ognocu uefy a6oponure. flonpsy-
Bauero Ha:6oposrte. Ha r6opounlrre cocraB[ h Ha peqeHltultre ro Bprxar c6pJHu4ume.
rlecwu'trcurue ce nprlrtrrrno pa3HopoAHa rpyna co xoja ce r-rtpasynaar pa3JrrrqHr.r rpaMarrrrrKrr
3uaqeu,a rr $ymqzlr (repgeee, oApeKyBarr,e, racr:axnynar+,e r.r cl.).
Co useu4urue HenocpeAHo ce rr3pa3yBaar rryBcrBa, ce o6pnyna BHrrMaHr4e r4Jrr{ ce
r.rMr{TrrpaaT pa3Hrr 3Byqn.
Co aodanuuu.Le a6opoeu ce 3a3eMa corlcrBeH craB KoH Ka)<aHoro.
2. Mop{o.nourxara r:racr.rQzraquja ja serr.ra npeABrr[ MeHnr4Bocra/ HeMeurvsocra Ha
:6oporure. Bps ocnona Ha roa AaJrr4 ja .nenynaar ra:rz ue ja MeuyBaar cnojara $oplra eo
r4cKa3or, clrte s6opoarE ce AeJrar Ha ABe roJIeMI4 fpytIl4: Menn[sI*I HgMsHn[sHMeurueure
ce nojanynaar Bo pa3rr4rrnr,r Sopulr ua vcKa3or. Ha np., :6opo'r Monua Mo>r<e Aa rr4 rrMa
@opuu're: "uo,xueoru, JtroJxu6o6, ,uo,auaoH, ttor,tu6u, (gna) uonuea, Monueuute v Ep.
Hertennraer,rre s6oponu ceroraur ce nojanynaar Bo eAHa ucra $oplra. Tarnlr:6opotu ce na
fip., atco, 6apeu, 6ea, KaKo, coceJua r Ap.
Bo MenJrus[re :6oponu cnafaar: urteHKu, upudaercu, 6poeau, saneurcu tr znazonu.
Hetrresrllnrl ce: upu,xo3u, uped,aoau, cspaHu4u, Hecmu.rttu, ueauqu u uodaLtuu a6opoau.
38
41. floqer6ara Ha s6oporm.rre rpynr4 Ha MeHJrr{Bn rr HeMeHJrr4Brr ne uoxe ga 6zge ceKora,'r
nocJreA'a 3aroa rxro r'rMa rzcKJryvoqr.r. Ha nprauep, raj Hexora npr.r.noau rarr.ra QopMr4 3a crefieH
(do"ty - uodony, uajdony) r4 3a ofipeAeJreu ocr: (uerco,trcy - uerconrcyute). Og gpyra crpaua,
rraK, fJrafoJrcKr'rre [pr4AaBKn BO [Ma-*o'crpyKqr4r.rre cra'yBaar ne*rewnunu (uuau odeuo ,
uuaue odeuo) n cn-
3. Kora ce r4Ma npeABr{A eymqrEjara (cnyz<6ara ) na r6opoezre Bo peqeHr4rlara, ce
:6opyea 3a crr'Ta(c[qKa <nacusraraqzja ua:6tponnre. Bo peveulrqara ner<ou s6oponu
Moxar !a 6r.rgar uejsznn onAeJrHr4, cauocrojur.r qJre'oBr4, na vMaar cryx6a, Ea nprrMep, Ha
noAMer, [pr4poK, [peAMer, atpu6yr 14 Ap., a [pyfrr He Moxar ga 6ugar
"o
,u*"u c,nyx6a,
TyKy Moxar Aa fr' noBp3yBaar rne cauocrojHr4 neJroBr.r, Aa noMaraar Bo r'3pa3yBarsero Ha
pa3nr4q'r'rre og'ocra rr.refy nne. 3navu, Tr'e ce ,,Bo o'yx6a.. ua s60poevrre ro" ,o*u, gu
6zgar calrocrojHr4 AeJroBr{ Ha peqeHr4r{ara.
co nucrngcra cauocrojuocr ce u3[eJryBaar I4MeHXr4Te, fJrafoJrl4Te I,I [eJr o[ 3aMeHKr4Te
(zueHcrrrre), a gpyrzre carrrocrojnra a60poer.r lruaar orpaur.rqeHa c[HTaKCr4qKa He3aBr.rcHocr.
flpranagnocra na egeu s6op eo neroja s6opou"u
"pynu
uajycneurro ce ofipeAerryBa
aKo ce r4Maar [penBr'rA cr4Te rpr4 fiprrcrarrpr r4 aKo He ce pa3fJreAyBa a60por r.rso.nzpaHo, TyKy
BO paMKI,ITe Ha peqeHurlaTa.
fparr.rarrzvrure 3naqer+ a ua a6opoelrre, rorz o6uquo ce Br.rKaa? y xareropfijarHy ce
r'rcKaxyBaar co noce6''r'r fpaMarI4rIKI4 CpeAcrBa. Toa ce noontutrr, arIcrpaKTHI4 3Haqe'ua
clopeA Kor4 pa3,nzvnlr :60pon'ce o6egrzuynaar Bo oAleJr'r4 fpynr4 r,rJrr.r KJracr' Bp3 .cHoBa Ha
HeKOrr rrcropoAHr4 nojanr'r. Ha npzuep, flraroJr4Te, KOr' rr4 t4 3AeJryBa no"rot au q"j"ruo, r4Maar
uoce6nr' rpauarr,vxrE cpeAcrna (uacraerr.r), co <or4 ce yKDKyBa Ha BpeMero Ha Bprxelsero Ha
gejcreoto no oAroc Ha BpeMero Ha coomrrrvBarrero - Toa e r.n. rireropuia B-peMf
Sadaqu
1. Onpegelra na <oja:6oporua rpyna i npr.rnafaar a6oporrare Bo reKcror:
1ecno od io"turue "xuwu4u ce cmpKana rca.ueu. He suaeja da",tu uercoj uaeuduux ce
ucneHruepu",l da ja cne'u HusHauto uaHuK'u",tu dueojape4 ao cKoK uped xypruyu 6ela uo
6ecuau'tu4a. ()opedoru He tnpenaute. 6ueute co tteuyeHu uuocutu - J6opo6uu.te ce HedocLuojHu
.]a LroaeK, uofla uoeefte o 6op4u uyutrcurue uu ce upatuu. Kapuuu.te uyrcaa ot) upat u rcaeweu.
Cera eefte uurcoj ue zu rcaueute da ce upedadau.L, uarco c,yxom u.+t ce uJocutpy,aute aa tuylroeu.
Knorc - rcnorc - rc"7oK, u uaK tuutuuna, jad, zptt"nueen uparc, tteKopu. (Cn. Janercxu)
2Bo ropnnor .reKcr He ce aacraneura :6opoBr4 o,q ABe 36opoBun rpyru.r. Oq xolr?
3llpu,rot:6op no HaBeAeHvor reKcr (decno)e rprrrror. Onoj :6.,p ruoxe ga np'rnafa
r Ha npyra a6oponna rpyna (rpr.rAaBKz). Haeegn enua peqenr4ila ao xoja decao rtl orane
rrprrAaBKa.
4[a;ru noc.neqnnor s6op no rercr or (.re^opu) e trMeHKa r.'rlr uraroJr? Hanegr.r peveHraqra
rc xolr onoj s6op rie ce ynorpe6z raKo r4MeHKa r.r KaKo rJraroJr.
39
42. m M E H K r4 (CyIICTAHTI{BI{1)
tr4lrenxrare ce s6opoer.r co KoIr ce o3HaqyBaar cyllrrecrBa (uacutaenurc, uutu4a),
npel}{eru (KHuZa, uuuuja), nojaBII rr [or4MII (ceeut"nuua, co,"ted6a).
flollrr.ror sa onpeAMereHocr e ocnoseH 6erer Ha r4MeHKr,rre.
IIo rpaqzquja uMeHKrrre ce AeJrar rra onrxrr{ rr concrBeuu.
tr4uenynarero Ha cyrrlTecrBara, npeAMerr,rre ra nojaeure co 3aeAHurrKr,r onrrrrrr
KapaKTeprrcrr{Kr{ ce Bprrrr,r co olrrrr{Te r4MeHKu. Co HuB ce o3HaqyBa:
OAAeneH BIIA npeAMerlr. cylxrecrBa r.r nojaBrr. KaKo 14 eAeH npercraBHrrK Ha rrcrrror
BvA. Ha [pl4Mep, co 36opo't Krtyua ce o3uarryBa cexoja xnyna noourrrro, Ho rr elua KoHKperHa
KJryna.
- Mnoxecrso oA eguopolrrr [peAMerr4 Korr npercraByBaar rlerocr, 36rrp Bo Koj He ce
rr3AeJryBa oAAeneH npegMer eo e6upot. Tarnu lrvenxlr ce, Ha rrprrMep: uace"teutrc, ue6e"t,
.r"xeHctaao. Co egnzncxa Soprr,ra nae o3rarryBaar MHo)KecrBo. Bo rpalra.rlrxara ce BrrKaar
36npull (KoreKTI4BHIr) I4MeHKII.
- Marepr{a:r, cocras: eoda, 3.aauto, uecoK, rueftep u gp. Toa ce uarepujarnrr r4MeHKr4.
I{uenynan ero Ha eAr4HeqH{ (unylr.eugyalluu) npegueru rrJrrr cyrrrrecrBa ce Bprx[ co
concrBeH[Te uueuru. Tlre o6nrHo npercraeyaaat:
urr,run a ua nyfe (Ho t4 HuBHr4 [peKapr4, nceBAoHrrMnu ut.): Jaua, Maprco, Cutpaurcatua,
Tapaau;
reorpa$cru uuurca: Buctupa, Ile"talouuja;
[pa3Hr{qrr: B otrurc, Be"ui d eu ;
- rrupre)a Ha rrucrrrryqr{[: Muuucutepcuteo aa o6pasoeaHue u Haytca ua Peuy6,turca
Maxedouuja;
- r.rMr.rr$a Ha o6jeKTr4 oA pa3n[qeu nug'. fpadetrua opZauuaa4trja ,, fpauuru", Texcutuneu
rco ud uuau.t,, Te ute rcc ", C
"cau,t
rcap uut4a,, Kp tut " u pp. ;
- IlMIrrLa Ha yMerHr4arKr{ Aerra: pacKa3(or) ,,,Aosje", pouan(or) ,, [Iupej" ucn.
tr4lrenrlrre Mo)Kar Aa ce pa3nrrKyBaar Bo oAHoc Ha MoxHocra/HeMoxHocra 3a Aorrup
Ha TOa IrITO tO LIMeHyBaaT.
Konxpernure rrMeHKrr lrMeHyBaar lraTepnjannu rlpeAMeTIr r cyurtecrna: de u.te, ne6ed,
Mpa6KA, UeCOrc, eeW.
Ancrpaxrnure (lrlrorenlrre) I4MeHKrr rrMeHyBaar Herrrro rrrro He Moxe Aa ce Aonpe,
BITIII{ u cJI.: aucuutHa. uwpuHo. utnza. xpa6pocut.
40
I Cnopeq raruncroro substantivum.
43. IPAMATI,{TIKI,I KATEIOPI4I,I KAJ I4MEHKTITE
3a uuenxure Bo Mar<eAoHcKlror jaur ce cBojcrBeHLI Kareroprrl4Te: poq, 6poj rl
orrpeAejrerrocT.
Bo ogqennlr clyqar{ r4Ma ocrarorlrr oq Qopuure sa rareropujara nagex<. Toa ce rarnz
Qoplru na s6opoeure Kaj Kov co noce6nu HacraBKrr ce r{cKaxyBa HrrBHara $ynrquja no
peqeHr4qara. Bo nallnror ja:uK BaKBr4Te fianexHr,r Qopulr ueroraru 6lr:re soo6uqaer{ Haqr4H
Ha r,r3pa3yBarl'e Ha $yrrqr.rlrre. flenecra oure Sopur.r rrz cpeliae alre cauo raj nexorr rrMeHKr{
on MarrrKrr rr oA )KeHcKr,r poA co Boxa.rlrnua cny>r6a (fip.: 6utte, 6paute, rcyne, nattty, deeojrco,
ssndo), a coceMa perKo co Apytr4 crpK6r.r, Ha npr{Mep - npeAMercra. Cnopegr: fo eudoe
Ilefrpefra/I.Ieaaa/Ioeana, so u: fo eudoe llefrpe/Ileary'Josan. Ooue naqexnu eopr,.ur
r{cqe3HyBaar oA Har[r4or jaam, 6uqejr(u ce Kopr,rcrar npyru Harrr4Hv 3a r{3pa3yBa}r,e Ha
Synrquure (co npeqlo:a, co peqor ua s6opour.re r.r gp.).
POIOT HA I4MEHKT4TE
lpauaria.rrara <areropr{a pon r{Ma ocuooa, npeq cd, Bo pa3JrrrqHr.roT lol ua:ryiero ll
Ha xr4BorHr4Te (MarxKr.r rr xeHcKlr), a lroxe ga 6r.rAe 14 HeoripeAeJren (nlr uauKu, urr xeHcKrr
cpegeu) xaj MaJrr.{Te xvBr.r cyusrecrya (uaue, uu"te, upace).-tpe6a qa ce lpaen pa:lrlra *reiy
npnpoqHr4or r{ rpaMarr.IrrKr4or poA, 3aroa IrITo qecronarl4 Tr.re He ce connaiaar:. fpaMarIIqKr.ror
POA I,IMA CBOJ U3PA3 KAJ CI,ITC I{MEHKI4, 6CA OMEg HA TOA AAJII,I I{MEHYBA HEIIITO XI4BO I{JII4
Hexr,rBo. Pae: r<ynar+'ero Ha poAor xaj lrlrenxnre 3a rrpeAMerrr lr nojarra (xon ueuaar
npupogen pog) ce [paBr.r clopeA 3aBprxoqr,rre Ha rrMeHKr4Te 3a xlrBt4 cyrxrecrBa.
flo npaeulo, cexoja mleura Bo Harrrror ja:zr uy fipr4naia Ha eAeH oA Tprrre poAa:
Marrrxr4 xeHcKIl tr cpeAen
Pogor eo MaKeAoHcKlror jaslrr goafa [o rr3pa3 Bo e[HrrHcKlrre cpopulr; cnopegr, na
nput'rep sa6, 6pnda, orco, uacnpetta: sa6tL, 6padtt, ouu. Bo wox<r.ruara poAor ro onpeAenyBaMe
cnopeA coogBernure $opulr eo eAHr{Ha.
Itluenrute on Ma KIt poA Bo eAHI{Ha 3aBprxyBaar Ha cofJTacKa n:rr,t na ueroja og
caMornacKLITe.
Onurlrre LrMeHKrr trlTo o3HaqyBaar Jrrrqa 3aBp[yBaar Ha corJ]acKa (yaurue,t, veannp),
ua -a (a'tctdttrca, cyduja), ua -o (cu,tpurco, tuaturco), aa -e (ayjue), a coceMa perKrr u
HeKapaKTepr{crrrrrHrr 3a MaKeAoncru.lor ja:ur ce 3aBprxoqrrre -rr (rcy"tul) u -y (fypyr).
i Bo xullAy-ja3tKor oooj :6op :rtaur 2n6oaHuK. k, Harutlor ja3I'II< e npfiMefi co 3rlarretie roctq *rLr eo3aLL,
o11[ocuo uae,rLeu pa6owHuK (Bo VItlt.',ja,Kurra, Jarronrja u tr4ugode:uja).
3
fypy c ucpoy.rurel Bo xunAyr{3Mor, qecro rroqxryBaa KaKo 6oxocrao.
4l
44. Jlnqsnre lruulr,a oA MarnKI4 poA r{Maar 3aBpIDorIu ua cortacxa (Joean),ua -o (Sdpaerco,
Jaurco), ua -a (I,I"tuja, Hurco"aa),ua -e (Jaue, Mutupe), ua -u (fopiu, Metuodu).
Ogqe:rru ulteuxrr co rpaMarl4rrKrr MarrrKI4 poA ce oAHecyBaar I'I Ha nrrqa oA xeHcKr4 noJr
(Ha np Mep: 6o3oLr, HayLrHuK. percraop).
I,Iuenxr.[e og xenc<u pog najvecro 3aBpuryBaar na -a. Egex nouan AeJr l4Maar 3aBprnoK
Ha cornacHa rpyna (padoctu, unadoctu) I4JIIT Ha cornacKa (uow, uponetu). Bo naruuor jaszr
xe HcK ure Jrr.rr{Hr4 14 M 14 Fba. noxpaj ua :anpuroKor -a. qecro 3a BpuyBa at u ua -e ("rluae. Mape,
Hade). Ilrrtuure vMI4Iba oA ryfo norexno ce npuQa(aar u co neroj Apyr 3aBpIxoK (6eLu ,
14 uec7.
tr4turewrule uuduaudya, "tuunocu-, uepcoHo. ctupanxa, IlaKo ce co rpaMar[t{Klr )r<eHcKI4
poA, ce oAHecyBaaT Ha Jri.rqa oA ABara rIoJIa.
I4rr.reu<lrr:e og cpegen poq najvecro rrr r{Maar 3aBprnoqlrre -o Il -ea KoneHo, oKo' 'ttope,
utute. Oltllmure I{MeIrKr{.rxro o3uaqyBaar nzqe (xa<o: "uoJtte, Mo"Mtre, uatte) ce oA cpeleu
pog. Heron I4MeHKrr og ryfo norer:ro IrMaar 14 npyru 3aBprxoqu. Cnopegr'r: u.raKcu, Jtcupu,
uutuepejy.
Bo nerou clyvalr noctoll <one6alse Bo poAoBara flplrrlaAHocr Ha IIMeHKI4Te, KaKo, Ha
tpnwep,xaj uecoK-uecoKout/uecoxrua, ueuen-ueuenout/ ueuenrua,ltap:raporu/waputa, 6ap-
eapout/aaptua. Tue ce qeopogoBlr, I{ oA MaITIKIT Ir oA )(eHcKIr poA.
EPOJOT HA I4MEHKI4TE
Co xareropzjara 6poj ce npanu pa:nzra rr.refy eAI4HI4qHocr r{ MHoxecrBo oA rrpe[Merll
v:llt Jt {ta, nojanu u c:r. Egunnara, no [paBr4no, o3HarryBa eAeH [peAMer, a Mnot<rrnara -
nose(e og r4MeHyBaHI,ITe npelMerl'I- luqa urr nojaaN.
Heroraur eguuircrara Soprraa ra IIMeHKara Moxe Aa o3HaqyBa Muoxecrno. Cnopegu
ua tp.'. Konrcy ned podadgetue? / Konrcy nedoeu upodadoerae? 4c"ro tara, ulaa rrMeHKrr Bo
MHoxvHcKr{ Qopuz xou ce oAHecyBaar 14 Ha eAeH u na none(e rrpelMsru: HoJ{uqu, oHuna,
Qapueprcu (egr*r lr:rn nose(e).
Herolr rarr.resru ce janynaar n eo eAHr4HcKa Ir Bo Muoxuuc<a $oprta, 3Haqu, ce MeHyBaar
no 6poj, Apyru ce janynaar caMo no egnr-rucxa SopMa, a rperr{ caMo Bo MHo)<I{HcKa.
Co grere $oplrv, r4 eAHr4HcKa rr MHo)Kr{HcKa. ce janynaar onurrr{Te KoHKpernrr rrMeHKr4
r{ e[eH AeJr oA ancTpaKTHLITe IrMeIrKr{.
Kaxo eguuncrra, rro rrpaBr4no, ce ynorpe6ynaar:
- concrBeHrrre uueuxu (Bo jau, fupdap, Ma.oew). flo ucx:ry'Ior, oBI4e I{MeHKr{ Mox<e Aa
ce jana.r rr BO MHOXIIHcKa SOprraa; TOraU O3HarIyBaaT 1lrrlrr nOne(e lltqa CO I4CTO l4Me, uJrI4.
nar. cevejcreo rMeHyBaHo cnopeq ueroj HeroB qJIeH;
- r6upnme r{MeEKrr (ue6en, uaceneuue, ctuorca);
42
45. - Marepl{jaJrHure vtnenn (6aKap, uecorc, Luetep).I4c<nyvoqlr ce jaByBaar Kora rlMaar
3uarrerbe Ha oAAeirHr,r BnAoBrr ( H a npuuep, suHa, parcuu, rcn@urca) lrlu lr:uepeno KoJrr{qecrBo
(ra npurraep, dee/tupu auHa, paKuu, rcaQurua);
- Aeir oA alcrpaKTrrr{Te rrMeHKrr rora ce ynorpe6yBaar co HI4BIJoro ocHoBHo 3r{aqerbe
(u p o c e e tua, & e y d a,o u a an).
BT4AOBT4MHOXilIHA
Bo r'aaregoncrara rpaMarr4Ka ce pa3Jrr4KyBaar rprr Brrla MHo)<r4Ha: 06uqHa, n36pojaHa
],1l36vpl'.a.
Co o6u.rnara uno)Kr{Ha AaBaMe rrH+opMarlrlja [era cranyna s6op sa noee(e npeAMerr.r
r4Jrrz Jrr,qa rxro Moxe na ce 6pojar luuc.Lto, yHeHu4u, uerunu).
Co ur6pojauara Muoxr.rua ce yKa)KyBa Hajvecro Ha EBa vrtl Ha floBe(e flpenMerr{, Bo
onpeneJreuo, u36pojaHo Konr,FrecrBo (daa/rupu/ueru a6opa, rc"tyua). Onoj rfiq Mr{oxuHa ce
Bp3yBa I{ CO HeKOI{ KOJIIIqeCTBeHI4 IIpI4no3I4, Ha npl4Mep, CO HeKoJxKy.
Co s6npnara MHor<r{Ha ce HafJlacyBa AeKa eAHo MHo)KecrBo ce fJtega KaKo qeJrocr, a
He KaKo cyMa oA r,r36pojrr4Br4 enelreurra. Cnopegu'. rcopeu,e/rcopeu,a, ,nucje/,oucja.
O6r.r.{Hara u e6{pHara MHoxr4Ha ja ilua raj unexKnre oA cvre rpr.r poqa, a u:6pojanara
MHOXI4Ha e KapaKTepr4CTUrrHa CaMO 3a I4MeHKE OA MarrrKn pOA IXTO 3aBpIXyBaaT Ha COfJraCKa
BO e[Hr{Ha.
O6[qHara MHoxr{Ha Kaj r,rMeHKnre oA Marnxn poA ce o6pa3yBa co HacraBKrrre: --.r,
4au/1su,-4rtu (46qu). Co nacranxara -u Muoxr.rHa o6pasycaar none(eclo)<Hrrre, rroperKo
eAHocJroxHVTe r4MeHKrr: l"4.edaq - znedaqu, poduwao - podumenu, Kou, - KoH.u, tpcut -
upcwu. Hacrasxata -eeu./-oau ja HMaar eAHocJro)KH Te MeHKl.t: 6poj -dpoeeu. rcej*rcejoau.
cluo"l - cmo"xoau. Co -squ (-oeryu) MHo){<rrHa o6pa3yBaar JrrrrrHrzre vMvrla (JaHest1u,
Iletupeequ) u polHr{HcKr.rre ulr.er^ru (dedoetqu, crupuKos4u, t ueutuuoet4u).
Mno>r<iancxlrre Q opuv setLrpo6u, oluoau, 6pafta, nyie ce ucxlyuoqu og noo6lrvaenuor
Harrrrn Ha o6pa3yBarbe MHor<rrHa xaj uueuxlrr:e oA MarxKrl poA.
Kaj ln'.renrure oA )<eHcKtr pog o6r{qHara MHo){ ,rHa ce o6pa3yta co HacraBKara --r, :
6ecLt - eecmu, Zuunaauja - Zu./,tHa3uu, ututr4a - uutu4Lt I4cr:ry.ror ce Qop*wte pa4e, uose
(ogparca, HoZa) v KpsoeLt (og xpa).
I4r'.rerrlEre og cpegen pog o6nvuara MHoxr4Ha ja npaBar co 4,4rba rr fioperKo co-Jr.'
,p,xo - zp"xa, ceJl.o - cena, 6pen4e - spe"^tutba. uuJte - urtnutua, oKo - oqu. floce6sa Qoplta e
de4a (oy de[te).
Zuenxr.rre eo n:6pojaua Mnoxrrua ceKoram ogar co ueroj 6poj ultr co KoJrr4qecrBen
npMror, a ce o6pa3yBaar co HacraBKara -J : daa/utpu/ uerco"trcy dena, Knyqa, qaca..
Oopurare 3a 36rrpna MHoxvHa rr{ rrMaar HaeraBKvre je, ja, a nonerora tv4.afra;
"xucru - nucje, pud - pudje/pudutuuta, xpaj - rcpauututa.
43
46. Tpe6a qa ce ulra [pelBI4A AeKa Bo MHory cryrlau MHot<I4HcKara HacraBKa He ce AoAaBa
HelocpeAr{o Ha eAHIlHcKara $opua na IrMeHKara, TyKy Ha nejsltrzor ocHoBeH (xopeucrlt)
IeJr, rrprl rxro ce jaeyeaar lr pa:lu.*ru Qonercru u uop$o:rouxlr trpoMeHrr. Cnopegu ua np.
6e"te| - 6e,nesu, B"tae - B"tacu, ttucut - nucje, upedorc - uped1u, yso * yruu fi cr.
OIPEIEJIEHOCTA HA I,IMEHKIITE
Eqen oq najxapaKTeprrcrlrrlHlrre u najnpeno:narnuenre 6eae:lr Ha uareqoncrlror ja:ur
ce coApxlr Bo Harlr.rnor It Bo cpeAcrBara 3a r{3pa3yBarse ua rareropnja'ra onpeAeJrenocr.
Co egna onttna uMeHKa MoxeMe He caMo Ia [MeHyBaMe enHo MHo){<ecrBo o[ lrcroponHr{
npeAMerlr, cyllrrecrBa, nojanu u cn., TyKy Ir Aa r{3AenrrMe caMo eAeH qreH, [percraBHr'{K Ha
Toa MHoxecrBo. Bo ja:lrror nocrojar rpauarlruKrr cpeAcrBa (nacranru) co Korr MoxeMe Aa
rr3AeJrrrMe, a co roa ra uo6lucry Aa olpegeJrltMe, rpeno3HaeMe ueroj npeglret oq noRe(e
TaKBrr rrcropoAHr4 npeIMerII, I rrr, rraK, eAeH noABr4n, rloArpyna oq ne<oja rpyna [pegMerz.
Tlre cpegcrna ce B[Kaar qJreHcK[ IracraBxn (u,ren),
Co v:reuynarrero ce I43pa3yBa onpeAeJreHocra, a co HerrneHyBarbero ce rr3pa3yBa
HeorrpeAeJreHocra.
Axo npercranyBa onllrrara IrMeHKa o[peAeJreH, rr3AeJreH, rro3Har npelMer, nej:e ir ce
AoAaBa eAHa oA cneAHVBe qJreHcKrr HacraBxlr (uopQer.all):
-oru -tait -fro -fie
-oa -aa -ao -6e
-olt -Hs -ll.o -He
Ynorpe6ara Ha qrencKure HacraBKIr 3aBr4crr on 3aBplroKor 14 o[ poAor lr 6pojot ua
IIMCHKATA.
Hacrar,rule --ou.t, -os, -oH ce AouaBaar Ha eAlrr.rHcrrare Qopur'r na I{MeHK[Te oA MarxKll
poA rrrro 3aBplxyBaar Ha cortacra (uoeeKou't, 40seKo6, uoeexou).
Hacraerlrire -ttt a, -6a, -HaI trMaar:
- clrre I{MeHKI4 on xeHcKrr pon Bo eguuua (rcnulauta, KHuZasa, rcuuZaun, upo"teruuta .),
- r{MeHKIire on MarrrKLI poA co 3aBputoK Ha -a Bo eAHrrHa (cydujauta, cydujaeo,
cydujana...),
- MHo)<r{HcKI4Te Qopuu na -a unu -uba Ha rtMeHKI4Te oA cpeAeH poy(ce'tawa' cenaaa,
cenaua, j azuuruarua...),
- a6upnortroxl,IHcKl4Te Sopltrl na -ia u uutua (uepiatua, uepia6a' uepiaHa,
pttdttwruauta...).
l{acranrute ruo, -eo, Ho ce noAaBaar Ha:
- cIITe r{MeHKIr oA cpeAeH poA Bo eAHIrHa luoneulo, uoneao, uoneHo, deu'teuto...),
- IrMeHKrrre oA MaIxKr4 po! Bo eAHrrHa Ha-o v4 (dedou'to, au.taueuto...),
44
47. - 36r4pHoMHo>KuHcKr,rre 0opMII Ha -je (HLr6jeuto, cHoujeruo..-),
- MHo)<riHcKara $opua ,tyi.e (,tyietuo, nyieao, ,tyleuo).
g,reHcrcure HacraBK -utc. -se. -He f v ulaar ct4Te t{MeHKt4.Kotr npaBar MHox}4Ha co
-Lt v -oeu/-eeu (cruonoeurue, 6poeeutue, Macuute, ouurue...) 14 MHo>KrrHcKI,ITe @op:v'u pu4e,
uoae (pa4erue, Ho3etue).
r{:rencxlrte uacraexlr, noxpaj onrxroro. Bpuar t{ npocropno onpege,nyname. Ba<eoro
flpocropHo orrpeAeJlyBa]be ce Bprrr{, [pen cd, co Hrr3r{Te -oa, aa, Bo,-aer-oH, Ha, -Ho,
He, Ho rr co Hrr3ara -ou.4 -wa, tuo. ule. xora s6opyea.ror fo r{Ma npeABIII onHocor co
coroBoprr{Kor, ua rrp. flaj uu ja rcnuiafra (raa urro e go re6e).
Hu:ara 06... ce ynorpe6yna sa npeqMerrr 6lncru go ouoj ruro s6opyna: Tu ja
uodapyeau rcauiaod ([rro ja Ap>Kartr), auuzara-ou... 3a oAAaJreqeHr.r npeAMerrr oU 36opyBaqor,
Ho rxro Mo)Ke roj ga ru Br.rAr.r r.r Aa ru noraxe: laj utL ja rnuiana (Taa rrrTo e nolaneKy oA
re6e u og lleue).
Onunu're KoHKperHrr rrMeHKIt Moxar Aa rr,r rrMaar cI4Te qneHcKLI HII3I4.
AncrpaxrHllre ltveurn Hajuecro ce BplyBaar co nuzara -ofr.
Jlltqttlme r:rMlrrra, co IroMaJrr{ r{cKnyqoqrr, He ce qneHyBaar 3aroa rrrro rIIe Be(e ce
orrpeAenenr.T, 6rgejful osHar{yBaar oflpegeneHrr nr4Ila IrITo rr.r Hocar rlre I{Mrrria. Kora ce
r{neHyBaH[, ce rrcKaxyBa rroce6en oguoc ron nile. Cnopeqlr: Jluneuto, hlaperuo, Hadeuto.
feorpaQcrlrre IIMLII+,a Bo oAHoc Ha qJlelryBariero ce AeJrar Ha ABe rpyrur: Ha rr.{e rrrro
ce vleuynaar (6 allnaHou4 Podouutue) uua rrre rrrro He ce rrJr euyvaar (Mapuoso, pHa fopa).
leorpaQcrure r.rMrrrta oA BTopara rpyna, aKo ce co qlreH ( Ha np., Crcouieao),
rprrBHecyBaar rroce6eH craB Ha 36opynavor. Cnopegr.r: Crcoujeeo eo uocnedno epeue nuoZy
ce paay6aau.
3ada"u
l. OnpeAelu eo roja rpyna (concrneHrr, orrrrrr4, 36r.rpHr.r, lrarepujalnu) npunaiaar
clrenHlrBq rrMeHKrr: eaepo, oltu,xa, tr4ean, jaattrc, uuc"ta, Ilupuu, uace"16a, ynu.4a, a6op, uecox,
t!,LrcHKtr. uede"t. intuo, uepLouan, opuJ. qena. Ko,ttuu)en.
2. Kor.r uveHru ce KoHKperH14. a KoIr ancrpaKTHti: Opy?op. s?4Hociu. uqerta. Ko un(..
yctua, uo6eda, 5atrcou, y6aauua, narca, fupdap, deonuquocut?
3. Ha xoj oA rpzre rpaMarr.rqKrr poga r"ry nplrnaiaar HaBeAeHrtTe rrM euun: ueuten, cyduja,
cmpuKo, Mape, ITeutpe, oqu, "lu.lHocru, unadocu4 uu"xurba, uonue, upo"teu44aeru, odeu,e,
notu, do2oeop?
4. Kou o[ uaeeaeHr4Te MeHKr,t noKa)KyBaar xole6ame Bo poAoBara npynral.locr: uoru.
uafu, ltod, ullom, Ka'x, eap, )ttoJ't, coJl, r1pos, eceH, ueuen, uecorc, ctupae? Ilo6apaj noMorx Bo
flpaeonr.rcor lralr ro flpanonlrcurror pequrrK Ha MaKegoHcKr,ror nrrrepa.rypeu jarnr.
45
48. 5. O6pasynaj $oprralr sa o6r,rvna, s6tpra u us6pojana MHoxIrHa oL u:ol,eluK "rel. cHou,
xnac, pud, .aucu.r, rcopeu, da6.
6. Karo rnacra Soprvrata ga o6[.rHa MI{oxI{Ha Ha rrMeHKlrre: riec, npH, rcpnde4,
ztwaaeujo. uu.le, cp4e, epa6e4, uuuro. "^4uHucnep. oxu.rep. 4enutap, para, yao. jynax. qoeex?
Koz $ouercru n uop$orolrxu flpoMer .r Moxelx Aa nperro3Hae[I npu o6paayear*,eto ua
MHoxrrucKr,rre Sopr,az raj ua6pojauure lrlrenru?
7. Cocranr.r no elua perleHuqa no roja (e ru ynorpe6ulr Qopuzre na na6pojanara
MHo)KrrHa sa ceroja oq naneneHlrre I4MeHKI{: upcut, KJry,I, ped, peuuur, rcpaj, "te6.
8. Karo r;racar Qoprure sa o6lrvaata uno>xrana raj cJIeAHI4Be I4MeHKu og ryf npousnes:
carco, uruutepejy, 6uQe, arcul, ,aaea6o, u'ta6y, peauue, xupu?
9. KoIa oA HaBeAeHI4Te LIMeHKTT Mo)Ke Aa ce rlJreHyBaar co cr{Te qJreHcKI,I uopQerr.rla
(nacranxlr): rua6na, deule, ce,oo, padocut, uecHa, c'4aaa, Il'tuu'a, Manetu, Ea"trcau?
10. I{sge,nn r}r oA TeKcror rrMeHKI4Te co Korr Bo rlJrerryBauara $oplra ce rrcKa)KyBa
noce6en ognoc na a6opynavot:
,{a utu rcatrau derca upetuunadHe ucmypu cuneu dotrd u Oxpudoe cutaHa 3a nurcade.
Co Baceilto u uejsuuutue dpyZaprcu deuota 7o . tuHaB"Me uped tueneeuaop. f"ledaeue ci u
cetutuo, a uajuuoZy od ouue tuuaucxuue cepuu; wtuo da ulu rcattyeau, lruea docada!
ll. Co ron.r:renyBaHlr rrMeHKr,r Bo reKcror ce Bprxl4 rrpocropno onpeqenyear+,e?
Ea6a Auua ueuaue cperta da cu 2u usZneda de4arua csouu da tuxenu, da ce sapadyaa,
uo, aatuoa uarc, Tocuod od dpya ctupaHa naeputu padocut eo rcyrtau'ta. I'I eau,toa ua 6a6a
Auua cp4euto e uonuo co padocru. Ke dojdau, cuurco, ruutou ue caKarue. Kaj wulo culaua
padocrua eo rcyftaea uoja, uuocan derca uou uu ctue. Karco od cp4eao da nu ctae orurcuuatuu.
(P. Kpre)
12. florpaj pogor r.r 6pojo'r na IrMeHKara, AaJrI4 e Baxlro ylrrre Herrrro sa lr:6opor ua
qJreHcKaTa Hacraera? ogronopor fo AaBaaT HaBeAeHnTe rureHyBawt $opt"tu: uau'touL uomtuo,
pacmeJtcout, rcopanow, rcnacjetuo, "ty6.euto, deuteuto, qu'rKoruo, coLtuta, eoieodauta, uadercuta,
xyftatua. uo,,rurbana, uatuuu.t ru a uta.
BOKATIIBHI{ (DOPMTI HA IIMEHKI{TE
Henocpequo o6pafane KoH HeKoro I4JrIr HerrITo, najvecro KoH qoBeqKo cyrrrrecrBo,
MOXe Aa Ce npaBlr, rraeiy qpyroro, r,r co noce6r l s6opoSoplfii ua uMeHKr'rre,T.H. BoKar[BHI{
$op*ru . flpery nun cnoj nspas naofa o6pafanero unu xateropr{araaner. Taa ce ocrnapyna
co noce6na usronaquja r.r co rpaMarr{qKl4 I{acrasr[. Boxalllsuara nu'ronaqr{a e HeonxoArla
46
49. 3a oBaa cJry)(6a Ha rrMeHK{Te, a HacraBKLITe ce 3acTaIIeH[ caMo Kaj AeJl on fiI{B, npel cd Kaj
oHrre rrrro rrMeHyBaar qoBeqKrr cyrxrecrBa (najrco, 6paute, Tocuoduue). Boxarlrnuu Qopulr
MO)KaT Aa rrMaaT r4 I4MeHKrrTe rXTO O3HarryBaaT HerrrTO HelKrrBO, aKO rro rraT Ha
nepcoHra$a raur.rja uM ce npr,rnlruyea cnojcreo ua coroBopHHK Bo onurelsero (Md xedouu jo.
aenjo, Bapdape).
Kaj zrrenrrare ou MarxKrr poA $oplrar:a :a o6pa(an e ce o6paeyna co HacraBKr4Te -y rr
-e. Ynorpe6a'ra Ha oBrre ABe HacraBKrr Bo HeKor,r cnyrrau He e AoBonHo pa3rpaHurreHa, rra
eAHa rrMeHKa Mo>Ke Aa r.rMa ABe paMHonpaBHrr BoKarlrnua $opl,ru, na fiprrMep: 6patue - 6paruy,
csalue - c6a-uy, 4ape 4apy, osHape osLrapy. Hacraexara -y norrecro ce cpe(aea xaj
eAHocJro)KHr4re, a --e raj nonefecJroxHvre ITMeHKI4 (rcpajy, natry, Kou,y, Kpruy, upoQecope,
Itpe utce dauteae, yvuwe"ne).
JlllvHure rrMrrria rrrro sanpurynaar na caMorJracKa (Hurco"ta, Muprco, Iletupe, fopiu)
HeMaar BoKarLIBnu $oprr.ru, a oulre Ixro 3aBplxyBaar Ha cofJracKa I{Maar BoKarIrBHa HacraBKa
-e (fopane, 3opaue, Joeaue).
I4rrenrure og xeHcKrr poA, rrcro raKa, rrMaar ABe BoKarr{BHrr HacraBKrr: -e u -o. flpnara
HacraBKa rroqecro ja uuaar noner?ec:ro>rnure ralreHKr{ Ha -r{qa (Mu"tu4e, Maputqe, uteQu4e)
r{ Ha -Ka (Jaurce, Ctuanrce, dorcruoprce, upujarue"nxe), AoAeKa Apyrvre rrMeHKr4 Ha -a rrMaar
eo<armnu QopMrr co HacraBKara -o (aajrco, ayjuo, fteprco)-
tr4uenxlrre oA ){<eHcKr.r pon rxro 3aBprrryBaar Ha colJracKa (my6oe, padoctu) Heuaar
BoKarr4BHrr Soprru, a ueo6uqnn ce o6pasynamara co HacraBKr4 rn xaj najrolelruor AeJr oA
[operKl4Te r,rJrr4 rroHoBr{Te >KeHcKtrrrutrtuarr.a-a og ryio norer:ro (AQpoduuta, A"terccauDpa,
Kopue"tuja, Cuuorua).
I4uenxure oA cpeAeu poA HeMaar rpaMarr4qKrl HacraBK[ 3a HIrBHara BoKarIrBHa
$ymquja.
BoxarusHnre Qopuu ua HMeHKr4Te. noxpaj ocronnara Symquja Ha HenocpeAHo
o6paian e sapaqr4 BocnocraByBarbe rloqereH KoHTaKT co coroBopHl,tKor, Moxe Aa ce Kopltcrar
r.r 3a npyfIl qeJrlr. Ha nplruep, ueKoMy Mecro co r4Me, rrpe3rrMe, poAHr4HcKo r4Me 14 cJr., Mo)<eMe
Aa My ce o6parurre co: dyuto, cp4e, J",tawo, zpeLuHu4e, 6aJ,ruupy, caruaHo IarH. Co sara
rrera$opravno ynorpe6elrlrre a6oponn sa o6pa(ame noce6no ce ucraKHyBa Harxrror rryBcrBeH
L1II4 OIIeHyBarIKr4 OAHOC KOH CO|OBOpHTTKOT.
Sadavu
1. Karo r:racar BoKarr.rBHr.rre $opuz og ITMeHKI4Te: uou, 6pauL rcyu, ayjrco, Ilewrco,
Httrcota, ,Qejau, Muprca, deaojrca, Cutojaurca, 4peua, Candpa, Eeutu, deu,te, eaepo?
2. Haeequ HeKoJrKy npxMepr4 Ha BoKarrrBHrr Qopr'.m co Korr ce rrcKaxyBa [o3t4TrrBeH
rryBcrBeH oAHoc KoH coroBopHIrKoT.
47
