The document contains a 28 question unit test covering topics in biology including DNA, RNA, cellular respiration, protein synthesis, and gel electrophoresis. Questions cover the basic structure of DNA and RNA, the process of DNA replication, the genetic code, transcription and translation, cellular respiration, gel electrophoresis and analyzing DNA fragments to compare genetic variation. The test assesses understanding of key concepts and processes in molecular biology, genetics and biochemistry.

1. UNIT 6 TEST
1. Which of the following is NOT true for DNA?
A. made of repeating subunits called nucleotides
B. contains codes for your genes
C. contains adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine
D. regenerates itself right after a cell divides into new cells
2. DNA is composed of monomers. The monomer has 3 parts. One of the 3
parts is a nitrogen base. Which of the following answers below are the
correct nitrogen bases for DNA?
A. Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
B. Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, and Cytosine
C. Adenine, Phosphate, Sugar, Deoxyribose
D. Adenine, Guanine, Carbohydrate, Nucleotide
3. The diagram represents DNA Replication. What is the
last step of DNA replication?
A. The two deoxyribonucleic acid strands unwind and unzip with
the help of DNA helicase.
B. Two identical strands of DNA are formed and they will separate
from each other.
C. DNA polymerase checks the two DNA strands for mistakes.
D. New nucleotides pair with the separated strands.
4. Identify the process illustrated in the
diagram.
A. glycolysis
B. facilitated diffusion
C. DNA replication
D. protein synthesis

2. 5. Refer to the diagram in question 4. What is the purpose of this process?
A. to create polypeptides and eventually proteins for gene expression
B. to copy original DNA strands into complementary strands
C. to generate and release energy producing compounds (ATP)
D. to regulate the internal environment of the cell
6. Refer to the chart. The triplet codes found in this chart apply to
_____________.
A. humans only
B. plants and animals
C. prokaryotes
D. all living things
7. What determines the traits of an organism?
A. relation of AT to CG base pairs
B. number of nitrogen bases in RNA
C. presence of ribose or deoxyribose in a nucleic acid
D. sequence of nitrogen bases in DNA
8. A linear code of 3 sequential bases on one side of a DNA
molecule is a ________.
A. base pair
B. codon
C. amino acid
D. gene

3. 9. What is the diagram above demonstrating?
A. Kreb Cycle
B. Cellular Respiration
C. Photosynthesis
D. Translation
10. The process of converting food energy into chemical energy takes place
in which of the following cell organelles?
A. Ribosome
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Mitochondria
D. Cytoplasm
11. What are the reactants in cellular respiration?
A. Carbon dioxide and glucose
B. Carbon dioxide and oxygen
C. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
D. Oxygen and glucose

4. 12. Which of the cycles in cellular respiration produces the greatest amount
of energy?
A. Electron transport chain
B. Kreb cycle
C. Glycolysis
D. Fermentation
13. The diagram above demonstrates?
A. Eukaryotic cell – aerobic
B. Eukaryotic cell - anaerobic
C. Prokaryotic cell – aerobic
D. Prokaryotic cell – anaerobic
14. All organisms on earth are composed of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA).
DNA is composed of a monomer. This monomer is made of 3 parts. What
are the 3 parts of DNA’s monomer?
A. Protein, Lipid, Carbohydrate
B. Protein, Lipid, Sugar
C. Phosphate, Ribose, Nitrogen Base
D. Phosphate, Deoxyribose, Nitrogen Base
15. Unlike DNA, RNA contains
a. Adenine. c. Phosphate groups.
b. Uracil. d. Thymine.
OXYGEN

5. 16. Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?
a. ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine
b. deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine
c. phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine
d. phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine
17. Which type(s) of RNA is (are) involved in protein synthesis?
a. transfer RNA only
b. messenger RNA only
c. ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only
d. messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
18. What is produced during transcription?
a. RNA molecules c. RNA polymerase
b. DNA molecules d. proteins
A codon chart is shown above
19. Which of these changes to the DNA triplet 3’ GCT 5’ will affect the protein
produced?
A. GTT B. TCT C. TCC D. GCA

6. 20. During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed
a. That is complementary to both strands of DNA.
b. That is identical to part of a single strand of DNA.
c. That is double-stranded.
d. Inside the nucleus.
A section of a nucleic acid is shown below.
21. The process represented in the diagram produces a molecule that is complementary
to the template strand of DNA. What type of molecule is produced?
A. New DNA B. Polypeptide
B. Messenger RNA D. Carbohydrate

7. 22. Use the diagram above. Which of the samples (A-F) is the same person?
A. A, B
B. A, C
C. A, D
D. None of the samples are the same; therefore none of the samples are the same person
23. Which one of the suspects matches the semen found at the crime scene?
A. Suspect #1
B. Suspect #2
C. Suspect #3
D. None of the suspects

8. 24. What is mixed with the DNA to make DNA fragments ready to be placed
in the well of the gel.
A. Bleach
B. Restriction Enzyme
C. E. coli
D. RNA polymerase
25. Analyzing DNA by gel electrophoresis allows researchers to
A. Identify similarities and differences in the genomes of species
B. Determine if an allele is dominate or recessive
C. Compare phenotypes of different organisms
D. Make RNA from DNA
26. What type of mutation is the following
Original: ACTACTACTGGGAGT
Mutated: ACTACTACTGGAAGT
a. inversion c. Deletion
b. insertion d. Substitution
27. Which of the following is NEVER a frame shift mutation?
a. substitution c. deletion
b. insertion
28. A mutation that affects only a single nucleotide is called:
a. regional mutation c. site mutation
b. point mutation d. frame mutation

9. ANSWER DOCUMENT
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