oracle foreign key primary key constraints performance tuning MTS IOT 9i block size backup rman corrupted column drop rename recovery controlfile backup clone architecture database archives export dump dmp duplicate rows extents segments fragmentation hot cold blobs migration tablespace locally managed redo undo new features rollback ora-1555 shrink free space user password link TNS tnsnames.ora listener java shutdown sequence

1. Autonumber fields Administration Tips
Autonumber fields in Oracle
Microsoft Access allows a column in a table to be declared as an 'autonumber' field, which
guarantees uniqueness for every row inserted (what I believe is termed a 'synthetic'
primary key), although you can also use it in any column, even if it isn't the primary key of
the table. SQL Server has something very similar, called 'increment'.
The question arises: is there such a feature in Oracle? To which the reply is "no, but you
can fudge it".
In Oracle, you are going to need to access a Sequence, which will generate the unique
numbers for you. The basic command would be:
CREATE SEQUENCE SEQ_BLAH;
But that's not enough: you probably want the next sequence number to be extracted and
inserted automatically whenever a new record is inserted. For that, you'll have to create a
trigger on the relevant table, like this:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER BLAH_AUTO
BEFORE INSERT ON TABLE_NAME
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
SELECT SEQ_BLAH.NEXTVAL
INTO :NEW.COLUMN_NAME FROM DUAL;
END;
/
The trigger will fire any time you try to insert a new record into table table_name, and
will grab the next number from the seq_blah sequence we created earlier. It assigns that
to the relevant column as its new value (even if one is manually supplied by the User -the
sequence value overrides anything a User submits).
One thing to watch out for: because of the way Oracle caches sequences, it is NOT
guaranteed that all autonumbers generated in this way will be in sequence without a any
gaps. In other words, a subsequent select on the relevant table might reveal auto-
generated numbers to be 1,2,4,6,7,11 and so on. All numbers are guaranteed unique, but
you can do nothing about the potential gaps. If that's a problem for you, you'll have to
think of another method (such as a separate table containing the seed number from which
inserts select the next number and increment it -if the original insert fails, the update to
the seed number fails. This method introduces potentially awful contention, locking and
performance issues, however). Otherwise, this rough-and-ready fudge will do the trick.
Copyright © Howard Rogers 2001 10/17/2001 Page 1 of 1