This document provides an overview of approaches to translation studies, including both prescriptive and descriptive approaches. It discusses some of the key figures and events in the development of translation studies as a field, including the Second Congress of Slavists in Moscow in 1958, which is considered the starting point for Translation Studies as an academic discipline. It also summarizes some of the main concepts and debates in translation studies, such as domestication versus foreignization strategies, and the work of scholars like Eugene Nida, Gideon Toury, and others who advanced descriptive translation studies.

1. Olga Łabendowicz, MA
Approaches
to
Translation

2. Prescriptive TSPrescriptive TS
Descriptive TSDescriptive TS
Once upon aOnce upon a
time...time...

3. Second Congress ofSecond Congress of
Slavists in MoscowSlavists in Moscow
(1958)(1958)
Zdrastwujtie,
Translation
Studies!
21 centuries21 centuries
have passed...have passed...

4. 1950s-1970s1950s-1970s
Jean-Paul Vinay
+
Jean Darbelnet
John C. CatfordEugene Nida
Jirí Levý
Anton Popovic
+
František Miko
James S Holmes
(1972)
Copenhagen

5. 19951995
Gideon TouryGideon Toury
Descriptive
Translation Studies
and beyond
'the need
to consider translations
“facts of the target culture”
for
the purposes of research'
Descriptive
Translation Studies
and beyond

6. Foreignization vs domesticationForeignization vs domestication
Foreignization:
– Direct transfer (eg. Council of Europe => Rada Europy)
– Periphrasis (międzynarodowa organizacja rządowa
skupiająca (…) )
– Footnotes (Council of Europe*)
Domestication:
– Equivalence (eg. Ziploc=>Jan Niezbędny)
– Adaptation (Regis, Kelly? Matt, Katie, Al? => Bolek i Lolek,
Kasia i Tomek)
Omission (neither)
-------------------
* międzynarodowa organizacja rządowa skupiająca (…)

7. I Always make translation soundI Always make translation sound
naturalnatural

8. II Abide by the SkoposII Abide by the Skopos

9. III stick to the originalIII stick to the original
as much as possibleas much as possible

10. IV whenever necessary, try toIV whenever necessary, try to
find equivalentsfind equivalents

11. V If there are no equivalents,V If there are no equivalents,
paraphraseparaphrase

12. VI Adaptation can be an optionVI Adaptation can be an option

13. VII or adding a footnoteVII or adding a footnote

14. VIII Remember, you may translateVIII Remember, you may translate
directlydirectly

15. IX If all of the above would beIX If all of the above would be
confusing, omitconfusing, omit

16. X AlwaysX Always trust your guttrust your gut

17. DIY #1DIY #1
Meet the ‘Radical Brownies’ – girl scouts for the modern age
(excerpt)
Not all girl scouts are concerned with peddling shortbread cookies.
There’s one troop of young girls in Oakland that discusses
matters of racial inequality
and wear brown berets in an homage to radical civil rights groups.
The girls, ages 8-12, are part of the “Radical Brownies,”
an edgier, younger version of the Girl Scouts,
where girls earn badges for completing workshops on social protests,
and a beauty workshop that celebrate racial diversity.
(January 21 , 2015, Source: http://fusion.net/story/39637/meet-the-radical-brownies-girl-scouts-for-the-modern-age/)

18. DIY #2DIY #2
11 Piping Hot Facts About Pop-Tarts
(excerpt)
Kellogg’s Pop-Tarts are breakfast icons, but the company’s
cereal rival Post actually had the idea to make a toaster pastry first.
In early 1963, Post announced
a line of shelf-stable pastries called Country Squares
diners could heat up in their toasters. The idea was promising,
but Post had made a critical error
in its announcement: Country Squares were months away
from being ready to go to market.
(September 2, 2015, Source: http://mentalfloss.com/article/68039/11-piping-hot-facts-about-pop-tarts)

19. DIY #3DIY #3
The New Yorker

20. DIY #4DIY #4
The Guardian

21. DIY #5DIY #5

22. DIY #6DIY #6

23. ChecklistChecklist
I. Read the whole pieceI. Read the whole piece
before translatingbefore translating
II Find out what's the aimII Find out what's the aim
of the translationof the translation
III Dive right in (just goIII Dive right in (just go
for it!)for it!)
IV Use everything thatIV Use everything that
may help youmay help you
V Establish “milestones”V Establish “milestones”
and make breaksand make breaks
VI Don't procrastinateVI Don't procrastinate
VII Finish as fast asVII Finish as fast as
possible, despite thepossible, despite the
initial (possibly low)initial (possibly low)
qualityquality
VIII Leave the translationVIII Leave the translation
for a day “to breathe”for a day “to breathe”
IX Revise - proofread andIX Revise - proofread and
editedit
X Check your translationX Check your translation
form-wiseform-wise

25. See you nextSee you next
week!week!
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