2. Definition of oral communication
• Oral communication is that which is
established between two or more people, has
as a means of transmission the air and as a
code a language. Every time we communicate
we use a language. But a very particular way of
using language is oral communication that
corresponds to the exchange of information
between people without making use of writing,
signs, gestures or signals, but only using the
voice to transmit information.
3. Characteristics of oral communication
1. In oral language the message is received through the ear (the message is heard). In the language written by sight (the
message is read).
2. In oral language there are two or more people who interact in a specific place and time, therefore there is a response to the
messages delivered until one of the two decides to end the conversation. Unlike written communication where there is no
response from the language issuer (the receiver reads something that someone has issued).
3. It should be noted that one of the great characteristics of oral language is its spontaneity, which is immediate and
momentary, that is, it lasts only the moment it is issued and the messages sent are born at the time and have not been
programmed before. On the other hand, written communication is lasting as it can be maintained over time (in a book,
magazine, letter, life diary, etc.) and it is possible to correct as many times as necessary what is meant.
4. The messages issued in an oral communication are created from the context and situation in which the communicative act
takes place. Written communication does not require a context or a situation to be created.
•
4. Vices of oral communication
The communicative intention in every conversation is to issue a message. But many times, this message is not interpreted correctly by the
issuer because of the vices of language. To avoid them, we must know what they consist of and what they are, so that we can avoid them
and thus improve our oral expression, and achieve good communication.
Definition Of The Vices Of Diction: the vices of diction are those forms of construction or use of inappropriate vocabulary that can
hinder the correct interpretation of a message. It involves vocabulary, because it includes all the factors that alter the normal flow of
communication. Among them:
• DEQUEISM: Dequeism is a frequent inaccuracy in the use of transitive verbs of diction or thought: think, imagine, suppose, believe,
think, advise.
• COSISMO: It is a vice of construction that consists in abusing the use of the word "thing", due to poverty of vocabulary.
• BARBARISM: This vice consists of pronouncing the words wrong or using improper words. It is also abuse with foreign words.
• EUPHEMISM: This vice of language is to disguise with softness or ornaments what can be said with direct language.
5. Breathing in oral communication
• Clavicular: Clavicular breathing is very superficial. It is when air is taken and it stays at the
level of the clavicle. When we inhale we raise the shoulders and the clavicle, and plunge the
abdomen. A lot of effort is made but little air is obtained.
• Thoracic: It is done by expanding the chest and is another type of incomplete breathing.
The air enters a little more deeply than in the clavicular but it is not the most recommended,
especially if we want to relax, use the voice without getting tired and modulating.
• Diaphragmatic: This form of breathing allows us to speak clearly without getting tired and
without being afflicted. It is done by inspiring through the nose and depositing the air in the
abdomen to make the diaphragm muscle the support and we can ration the amount of air
we need to achieve the vibration of the vocal cords so that pleasant sounds are emitted and
not voices squeaky and temperate.
6. Breathing exercises for oral communication
There are many exercises to train breathing. They all have the same mechanics: inspire widely through the
nose, such as inhaling the perfume of a flower, so that the nostrils open, the ribs separate and the
diaphragm descends. Expiration can be faster, even violent or contained, retaining air and controlling its
expulsion. As an example:
Exercise 1
1. Lie on the floor on your back, with your spine straight, arms at your sides, placing a book on your belly.
2. In that position, breathe through your nose, trying to climb the book as much as possible.
3. Then, release the air by the mouth, little by little, counting mentally, until the book returns to its initial level.
4. Keep inspiring and exhaling, raising and lowering the book, increasing your account as much as you can.
Exercise 2
1. Initial position.
2. Close your mouth. Aspirate through the nose, slowly until completely filled lungs.
3. Retain the introduced air, mentally count from 1 to 7.
4. Exhale. Let the air out through the mouth VERY SLOW, directed towards the veil of the palate as a jjjjjjjjjj (alternated with u-shaped lips).
Breathe like this for a few minutes. Repeat these exercises a couple of times a day.
7. Intonation
The intonation is the quality of the language
composed by the succession of variations in the
tone of the voice that consists of the
characteristic musical line of each language,
region, person, affective state, expressive
intention, among others. It is the melodic curve
with which the linguistic units of a message are
pronounced, which allows the statements to be
delimited, integrated or distinguished.
8. Diction
• It is the way to use words to form sentences, either in spoken or written
form. There is talk of good diction when the use of these words is correct
and correct in the language to which they belong, without paying attention to
the content or meaning of what is expressed by the issuer. To have an
excellent diction it is necessary to pronounce correctly, accentuate with
elegance, phrase respecting the pauses and clarify the musical sounds. A
good voice broadcast is undoubtedly an extraordinary support for the
interpretation of music. When speaking, and especially when singing, it is
necessary to avoid the vices or defects of diction.
