2. Talk Flow!
Introduction to the Internet
Brief history
Explaining basic protocols
Naming on the net
HTML
Using search engines
Questions
3. What is the Internet?
A Network of Computer Networks
Started as early as the 1960s
Built to work even if a large part of the network
fails
Intranet is not the same as Internet
Decentralized Client – Server model
Supported by various gateways and high
speed backbone connections.
5. World Wide Web?
A part of the Internet
www1, www2 etc.,
Based on hypertext and hypertext transfer
protocol (HTML & HTTP)
Supports multiple media - Multimedia
Interactive, dynamic HTML
6. Who owns the Internet?
The Internet Corporation for Assigned
Names and Numbers (ICANN) oversees
registrations.
InterNIC—central service to reserve
domain names (lots of issues arising with
“cyberquatting…”
Whois – domain name lookup
7. Brief History of the Internet
1960s - Department of Defense initiative
ARPANET
1973 - ARPA launches the Internetting
Project to explore the possibilities of linking
networks
1980 – First Virus halts the Internet
1984 – DNS Introduced (Names rather than
numbers)
1999 – Internet Banking
8. Internet Milestones
1975 - Robert Kahn & Vinton Cerf – TCP/IP
1991 : Hypertext browsing software is proposed by
Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide
Web.
1993 : Mosaic, the first navigation browser to make
use of graphics and a point-and-click interface, is
developed by Marc Andreessen.
2004 - IPv6 protocol standard
9. Services through the net
Major services:
Email – Electronic Mail
FTP – File Transfer Protocol
Gopher
Newsgroups
Telnet – Remote session
WAIS – Wide Area Information System
WWW – World Wide Web
10. How to read an URL
http://www.crida.ernet.in/dcs/proposal.htm
http = the protocol
www = the host computer or server name
blast = third level domain
ncbl = second level domain
org = top level domain
sequence = directory name
virtual = file name
htm = file type / extension
11. Getting a Domain Name?
Top Domains:
edu – Educational Institutions
com – Company / Commercial Organizations
org – Non-profit Organizations
net – Network, network of sites
mil – Military Installations
gov – Government sites
Sub Domains:
in - India
jp - Japan
uk – United Kingdom
12. Identifying a PC on the Internet
IP Number
220.226.64.35
10.15.3.20 (Intranet, Local IP)
To find your IP number on Windows
Execute ipconfig on your command prompt – XP
winipcgf - 98
13. Bandwidth
Speed of data transfer through the network
Access through:
28.8 bps (bits per second) modem
56.6 modem
ISDN
T1/T3 – High speed
Cable
DSL
14. Hypertext
Hypertext, a method of preparing text that
allows readers to choose their own pathways
through the material, is invented by Ted
Nelson.
The underlined word represents a hyperlink
that lets the reader click and jump to a new
page.
Provides interactive browsing
16. Browsers and Specifications
Browser software allows us to view, hear,
retrieve information created for the web
Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator,
Lynx
For design, you must check pages in both
browsers, with different versions
17. Bioinformatics Resources
Databases
www.ebi.ac.uk – EMBL/EBI
www.rcsb.org/pdb -PDB
www.wwpdb.org - Worldwide Protein Data Bank
Genome Browsers
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview - NCBI Map
Viewer
www.bdgp.org/annot/apollo - Apollo Genome
Browser
http://maine.ebi.ac.uk:8000/services/cogent -
Genome Tracking Database
18. Bioinformatics on the Internet
Bioinformatics Projects
www.gg.caltech.edu/hbp - Human Brain Project
www.geneontology.org – Gene Ontology
Consortium
http://tolweb.org/tree - Tree of Life Project
